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Fall-Anatomy Year 1 > Foot - Sole (8) > Flashcards

Foot - Sole (8) Flashcards

1
Q

superficial fascia

A

mostly made of fat for cushioning weight bearing areas
+not many large veins
+more lymphatic vessels than dorsum

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2
Q

skin ligaments

A

vertical collagenous CT septa from skin to deep fascia

-compartmentailizes to improve pressure/shock absorption
-anchors skin to improve grip

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3
Q

plantar fascia

A
  1. medial- superficial to abductor hallucis
  2. lateral- superficial to abductor digiti minimi
  3. aponeurosis- thickest, longitudinal collagen fibers (>deeper flexor sheaths)
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4
Q

plantar aponeurosis

A

calcaneal tuberosity > splits distally into 5 parts

-protect from injury
-help hold foot together
-support longitudinal arches of foot so not spread when weight bearing (tensile force)

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5
Q

plantar fasciitis

A

inflamm/pain mainly @ aponeurosis mainly
-do not see WBCs so more irritant than inflam
-standing/walking/running/stairs (dorsiflexed)

pain worse in morning/resting then dissipates 5-10 min later walking

overuse injury usually esp if improper footwear OR chronically tight calves OR obesity OR high arches OR achilles injury

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6
Q

compartments

A
  1. medial- deep to medial plantar fascia
  2. central- deep to aponeurosis
  3. lateral- deep to lateral plantar fascia
  4. interosseous- b/t sole and dorsum, only in forefoot b/t MTs
    -sep from central by horizontal deep plantar fascia

divided by intermuscular septa from aponeurosis

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7
Q

foot infections

A

if deep to plantar fascia then localize w/i single compartment or @CT b/t muscle layers

will spread if get to bloodstream or superficial fascia

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8
Q

retinacula

A
  1. superior fibular
  2. inferior fibular
  3. flexor (roof of tarsal tunnel)

both fibular keep lateral compart tendons in place

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9
Q

extrinsic muscles

general

A

og @ leg (lat or deep post)
in @ sole as tendons

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10
Q

plantar muscles function

A

generally stabilize the foot and grip the ground when standing and moving
-stabilize arches when move heel-toe or side-side
-stabilize when pushing off
-adjust pressure

usually no fine motor but is possible

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11
Q

1st layer muscles

A
  1. abductor hallucis (medial)
  2. flexor digitorum brevis (middle)
  3. abductor digiti minimi (lateral)

all flex or abduct toes
all og @ calcaneal tuberosity + plantar ap

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12
Q

abd/adduction

toes

A

I, III, IV, V = adduct and abduct

II = abduct in either direction, no adduction bc midline

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13
Q

abductor hallucis

A

og @ calcaneal tuberosity/plantar ap
in @ medial side of proximal phalanx I

inn: medial plantar N
vasc: medial plantar A + 1st plantar metatarsal A

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14
Q

flexor digitorum brevis

A

og @ calcaneal tuberosity/plantar ap
in @ both sides of middle phalanx II-V

inn: medial plantar N
vasc: medial + lateral plantar A

extensor digitorum brevis @dorsum only II-IV

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15
Q

abductor digiti minimi

A

og @ calcaneal tub/plantar ap
in @ lateral side of base proximal phalanx V

inn: lateral plantar N
vasc: lateral plantar A + 10th digital A

weak flexor too

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16
Q

2nd layer muscles

A

2 intrinsic:
1. quadratus plantae
2. lumbricals

2 extrinsic:
1. flexor digitorum longus (FDL)
2. flexor hallucis longus

intrinsic connect to FDL

17
Q

quadratus plantae

A

og @ medial or lateral plantar suface calcaneus (medial + lateral heads)
in @ posterior edge FDL together

inn: lateral plantar N
vasc: medial + lateral plantar A

18
Q

quadratus plantae

function

A

assists FDL in flexing II-V:
relaxed = FDL tendons oblique angle
contracts = pulls FDL tendons straight to flex toes

19
Q

lumbricals

function

A
  1. flex II-V at MP joints
  2. extend II-v at PIP and DIP joints
20
Q

lumbricals

A

og @ anterior/medial edge of FDL tendon
in @ medial side flexor sheaths II-V

inn: medial plantar (most med lumb II) + lateral plantar (lat 3 lumb III-V)

vasc: plantar metatarsal A main + lateral plantar A

21
Q

flexor sheaths

A

enclose flexor tendons + bursae @toes

lumbricals insert of medial sides of II-V

22
Q

3rd layer muscles

A
  1. flexor hallucis brevis
  2. adductor hallucis
  3. flexor digiti minimi

all in @ bases of proximal phalanges I or V to move MP joint

prox = articulates with head of a MT

23
Q

flexor hallucis brevis

A

og @ plantar surface of cuboid + lat cuneiform
in @ split both sides of base I proximal phalanx

sesamoid bones w/i tendon

inn: medial plantar N
vasc: 1st plantar MT A main + medial plantar A

24
Q

flexor digiti minimi

A

og @ base MT 5
in @ base V proximal phalanx

inn: superficial branch lateral plantar N
vasc: 10th plantar digital A main + lateral plantar A

25
Q

adductor hallucis

A

og @ oblique (base MT II-IV) + transverse heads (plantar lig of MP joints)

in @ lateral sides base of I proximal phalanx

inn: deep branch lateral plantar N
vasc: medial plantar A + plantar MT A’s

26
Q

4th layer muscle

A

2 extrinsic:
1. fibularis longus (lat compartment)
2. tibialis posterior (deep posterior comp)

2 intrinsic: @ interosseous comp
1. plantar interossei (PAD)
2. dorsal interossei (DAB)

27
Q

plantar interossei

PAD

A

og @ shaft of MT III-V inferomedial
in @ medial base III-V proximal phalanx

adduct + assist flex III-V @ MP joints

inn: lateral plantar N
vasc: dorsal + plantar MT A main + arcuate A

3 PADs

28
Q

dorsal interossei

DAB

A

og @ adj sides shaft MT I-V
in @ medial side II prox phalanx + lateral side II-IV

abduct II-IV + assist flexing @ MP joint

inn: lateral plantar N
vasc: dorsal + plantar MT A + arcuate A

4 DABs

29
Q

tibial N

A

from ant div LSP so plantar flex ankle + toes

> medial calcaneal N proximal (before) tarsal tunnel (cutaneous to skin of heel)

> terminal branches= medial/lateral plantar N distal to tunnel, both enter medial compartment then travel b/t 1st and 2nd layers

30
Q

medial plantar N

A

motor = medial sole muscles
-abductor hal, FDB, FHB, 1st lumbrical
cutaneous = plantar skin of medial 3-1/2 digits
>1st proper digital N
>common plantar digital N

larger branch of tibial

31
Q

superficial lateral plantar N

branches

A
  1. common plantar digital- splits into 2 proper plantar digital
  2. 10th proper plantar digitial N

most lateral 1-1/2 digits

32
Q

lateral plantar N

A

divide to deep and superficial branch @lat compart
-deep = motor to intrinsic muscles
-superficial = motor to flexor digiti minimi only + cut to lateral 1-1/2 digits

only motor = remaining intrinsic muscles

33
Q

posterior tibial A

A

splits into medial/lateral plantar in or distal to tarsal tunnel

enter medial compart sole then travel w/ medial and lateral plantar nerves to sole

important for anastomoses

34
Q

medial plantar A

A

digit I muscles + skin of medial sole

> deep branch = primarily I muscles
superficial = skin of medial sole, ends as 1st plantar digital A

smaller branch of post tibial A

35
Q

medial plantar anastomose

A

superficial branch may anastomose w/ deep plantar arch OR lateral plantar A = superficial plantar arch

36
Q

lateral plantar A

A

most sole muscles + skin lat sole
>deep plantar arch to anastomose w/ lateral plantar and deep plantar A from dorsalis pedis

37
Q

venous drainage

A

all deep V of sole drain to posterior tibial V
-all are deep to plantar fascia as comitantes

superficial V drain to medial or lateral marginal

38
Q

deep plantar arch branches

A
  1. perforating branches (3) travel superior to anast w/ arcuate
  2. plantar metatarsal A (4) each div into 2 plantar digital a
  3. 10th plantar digital A

Fall-Anatomy Year 1 (17 decks)

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