pelvic urinary tract and rectum

Question 1

bladder surfaces

Answer 1

superior
inferolateral (2)
inferoposterior (base)

Question 2

apex of bladder

Answer 2

junction of inferolateral and superior surfaces

medial umbilical ligament (urachus) arises here

Question 3

superior-lateral angles of bladder

Answer 3

point at which ureter enters bladdar

Question 4

neck of bladdar

Answer 4

jnx of inferolateral and inferoposterior surfaces

surrounds internal urethral opening

Question 5

prevesical fascial space

Answer 5

separates pubic rami and bladder

Question 6

posterior to bladder male

Answer 6

rectum, ductus deferens, seminal vesicles

Question 7

posterior to bladder female

Answer 7

cervix, upper vagina

Question 8

submucsal layer of baldder

Answer 8

loose areolar tissue

Question 9

mucous membrane of bladder

Answer 9

transitional epithelium

Question 10

trigone

Answer 10

area btwn orifices of ureters superiorly and internal urethral orifice inferiorly
superior border marked by ureteric fold
inferior border marked by uvula at urethral orifice
trigonal m sympathetically innervated

Question 11

arterial supply to bladder

Answer 11

superior vesical aa from umbilical a
middle vesicle aa (homolog of uterine a)
inferior vesicle aa

Question 12

venous drainage of bladder

Answer 12

does not correspond w/arterial supply
into dense venous plexus around the base and neck
prostatic plexus in males
vesico-vaginal plexus in female
drains w/deep dorsal v of penis to iliac v

Question 13

pelvic ureter relationships

Answer 13

enters pelvis by crossing iliac vessels anteriorly
male- ductus deferens cross ant to ureter
female- uterine a crosses ureter ant/sup

Question 14

arterial supply to ureter

Answer 14

common iliac
internal iliac
middle vesicle (male)
uterine a or inferior vesicle (female)

Question 15

male urethra parts

Answer 15

prostatic
membranous- thru UG diaphragm
cavernous/penile/spongy

Question 16

penile urethra dilations

Answer 16

w/in bulb- bulbar

w/in glans penis- fossa navicularis

Question 17

glands into penile urethra

Answer 17

bulbourethral

urethral

Question 18

female urethra parts

Answer 18

superior- surrounded by urethral glands (homologous to prostate)
membranous- in UGD

Question 19

rectum different from sigmoid?

Answer 19

no mesocolon -> retroperitoneal

teniae coli spread out as longitudinal mm surrounding entire rectum

Question 20

rectum proper

Answer 20

from origin to perineal flexure

dilated caudel portion is ampulla

Question 21

anal canal

Answer 21

perineal flexure to anus
anatomical- from level of upper surface of pelvic diaphragm to anus
clinical- from pectinate line to anal verge

Question 22

structures of rectovesicle pouch

Answer 22

palpable
posterior surface of bladder
seminal vesicles
distal vas deferens
prostate
sacrum, coccyx, ischial spines

Question 23

structures of rectouterine pouch

Answer 23

cervix
vagina
sacrum, coccyx, ischial spines

Question 24

layers of rectum

Answer 24

-mm:
outer longitudinal- blends w/levator ani at anal region
inner circular- thickens to form internal spinchter
-submucosal
-mucosal

Question 25

plica transversales

Answer 25

``` aka transverse rectal folds semilunar folds of mucosa, submucosa, and circular m 2 left 1 right lowest 2" above anus highest at rectosigmoid jnx ```

Question 26

rectal columns

Answer 26

mucous membrane overlying submucosal aa and vv

Question 27

anal valves

Answer 27

arch-like folds of mucous membrane connecting caudel ends of rectal columns cover anal sinues

Question 28

pectinate line

Answer 28

irregular circumrential line formed by anal valves and base of rectal columns venous drainage- superior to middle and superior rectal vv, inferior to inferior rectal vv lymp- superior to pelvic nodes, inferior to inguinal nodes nn- superior autonomic, inferior voluntary epi- superior typical GI, inferior stratisfied squaous

Question 29

pecten

Answer 29

area immediately below pectinate line | characterized by a lot of CT creating blue-white appearance

Question 30

anal verge

Answer 30

caudal most portion of anal canal | skin picks up sweat glands and hair

Question 31

superior rectal a

Answer 31

from inferior mesenteric | does not supply upper 1/5- 1/4 rectum

Question 32

middle rectal a

Answer 32

highly variable in origin from internal iliac or other pelvic aa distributed primarily to mm of rectum

Question 33

inferior rectal a

Answer 33

from internal pudendal aa | supply external anal spinchter and perianal portion of levator ani

Question 34

submucosal plexus

Answer 34

aka subcutaneous plexus w/in submucosa immediately under skin of anal canal superior rectal v above pectinate line inferior rectal v below pectinate line

Question 35

perimuscular plexus

Answer 35

drains muscular wall of rectum below level of peritoneum | mostly drains into middle rectal vv