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histology Flashcards

1
Q

parts of male repro system

A

testes
conducting tubules/ducts
accessory glands
penis

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2
Q

testes

A

produce male germ cells and male hormone

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3
Q

conducting tubules/ducts

A

seminiferous tubule
epididymis
ductus deferens
urethra

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4
Q

accessory glands

A

produce and store seminal secretions
semen=sperm +secretions
role in ejaculation

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5
Q

exocrine fnx of testes

A

gametes

cytogentic gland-> produces cells

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6
Q

endocrine fnx of testes

A

androgens

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7
Q

tunica albuginea

A

thick fibroelastic CT

along posterior border of testis thickens and projects inward to create incomplete lobules

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8
Q

mediastinum of testes

A

hilum of testes

entry and exit of vessels, lymp, nn, ducts

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9
Q

lobule of testes

A

contains 1-4 coiled seminiferous tubules

embedded in loose CT stroma

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10
Q

leydig cells

A

single or clustered in stroma btwn seminiferous tubules
large irregular polyhedral interstitial cells
rounded nuclei w/1-2 nucleoli
many cytoplasmic inclusions
produce T therefore close to vessels

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11
Q

characteristics of leydig cells

A 
prominent golgi
abundant mito
many peroxisomes
extensive sER
many peroxisomes
lysosomes present
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12
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

site of:
spermatogenesis- spermatogonia transformed into spermatozoa
spermiogenesis- spermatids intospermatozoa

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13
Q

convoluted arching loops of seminferous tubules

A

may connect tubules w/in or btwn lobules

at termination convoluted tubule becomes straight tubule empties into rete tesis of mediastinum testis

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14
Q

histo of seminiferous tubules

A

heavy BM
collagen fibers ensheath tubule
peritubular contractile cells
spermatogenic epi- specialized stratified epi 4-8 cells thick

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15
Q

sertoli cells

A

scattered amongst germ cells in spermatogenic epi

provide developing germ cell w/mechanical support, protection, nutrition

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16
Q

sertoli cells histo

A

reach from BM to lumen
tall columnar cells
large pale oval nuclei w/prominent nucleolus and membrane infoldings
cytoplasm indented by developing germ cells
create blood-testes barrier

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17
Q

blood tested barrier

A

created by sertoli cells

seperates speratocytes from spermatogonia

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18
Q

spermatogenesis

A 
occurs in coiled seminiferous tubules
divided into 3 phases:
-spermatocytogenesis
-meiosis
-spermiogenesis
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19
Q

spermatocytogenesis

A

speratogonis proliferate by mitotic division

type A -> type B -> spermatocyte

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20
Q

meiosis

A

primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocyte -> spermatid

2 divisions makes then 1N

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21
Q

spermiogenesis

A

spermatids -> spermatozoa

22
Q

spermatogonia

A

cells sit on BM and are 2N

only germ cells present prior to puberty

23
Q

type A spermatogonia

A

one daughter remains as type A

other becomes type B

24
Q

type B spermatogonia

A

forms 2 primary spermatocytes

25
primary speratocytes
largest of sperm cells | meiosis 1 produces 2 secondary spermatocytes reducing chrom to 23
26
secondary spermatocytes
smaller then primary | meiosis 2 produces 2 spermatids-> 1N
27
spermatids
embedded in sertoli cells close to lumen 1N w/23 chroms undergo speriogenesis
28
head of mature sperm
condensed nucleus and cap | dense acrosome contains hyaluronidase
29
neck and middle piece of sperm
contains core of longitudinal filiments surrounded by mitochondrial sheath powers mvmt of tail
30
tail of sperm
ensheathed by thin layer of cytoplasm similar to cilium (9+2 MT arrangement) tip is naked
31
cycle of seminiferous epi
humans 6 stages segment- lenght of tubule varies wave- distance btwn 2 similar stages
32
tubuli recti
straight seminiferous tubules begins at apex of lobule lining becomes simple columnar epi tubule opens into rete testis
33
rete testis
irregular network of anastomosing channels in mediastinum of testis
34
efferent ductules
10-15 drain into ductus epidiymis
35
epididymis
formed by efferent ductules and ductules epididymis
36
ductus epididymis
single coiled duct 4-5m long tall pseudostratisfied columnar epi w/sterocilia continuous w/ductus deferens
37
ductus deferens
thick walled muscular tube epi like ductus epeidiymis -tall pseudostratisfied columnar epi w/sterocilia runs via inguinal canal in spermatic cord courses retroperitoneally inot pelvis terminally dialtes as ampulla ends as ejaculatory duct
38
ejaculatory duct
formed by union of ampulla and seminal vesicles | empties into prostatic urethra
39
seminal vesicles
``` divertiula of ducti deferens postero-inferior surface of bladder irregular lumen and many folds/recesses epi depends on T produce and store mucoid secretions does NOT store sperm produces bulk of ejaculate fluid high in fructose ```
40
prostate gland
located inf to bladder, surrounds urethra aggregate fo 30=50 tubulo-alveolar glands divided into 3 zones: peripheral (carcinomas) transitional central (BPH) periurethral
41
prostate epi
glandular epi is hormonal dependent | glands develop in puberty
42
urethraprostatic concretions
aka corpora amylacea enlargements that may constrict/block urethra size and number increase w/age
43
prostatic secretions
make large portion of ejaculate thin milky slightly alkaline fluid contains acid phosphatase (used to diagnose prostatic epithelial malignany)
44
cowpers gland
``` bulbourethral glands pea sized compoud tubo-aveolar gland in mm of UGD ducts open into penile urethra secrete clear viscous mucoid substance occurs under erotic stimulation lumbricates urethra ```
45
corpous spongiosum
``` cylindrical body of vascular lacunae enclosed in CT capsule connected to venous plexus mucosal glands erectile function of glans penis ```
46
corpora cavernosa
2 dorsally partially covered by sub-cutaneous tissue and thin skin lack fat and hair follicles terminally skin reduplicates as prepuce
47
epi over glans penis
stratisfied squamous, non-keritinizing | continuous w/urethral epi
48
flaccid
smooth m coils helicine aa shunts blood thry arterivenous shunts
49
erection
parasympathetic input straightens helicine aa, closes shunts, blood fills corporal caviites tunica albuginea prevents over filling
50
ejaculation
-bulbourethral glands secrete mucus to lubricate urethra -prostate gland discharge initiates true ejaculation secretion neutralizes acidity of urine-bathed urethra -sperm forced into urethra by m wall of ductus deferens -seminal vesicle adds secretion pushing sperm and clearing urethra, rich in fructose -bulbocavernosus m forces semen outside by compressing bulb of corpus spongisum

repro (13 decks)

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