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repro > histology > Flashcards

histology Flashcards

1
Q

parts of male repro system

A

testes
conducting tubules/ducts
accessory glands
penis

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2
Q

testes

A

produce male germ cells and male hormone

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3
Q

conducting tubules/ducts

A

seminiferous tubule
epididymis
ductus deferens
urethra

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4
Q

accessory glands

A

produce and store seminal secretions
semen=sperm +secretions
role in ejaculation

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5
Q

exocrine fnx of testes

A

gametes

cytogentic gland-> produces cells

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6
Q

endocrine fnx of testes

A

androgens

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7
Q

tunica albuginea

A

thick fibroelastic CT

along posterior border of testis thickens and projects inward to create incomplete lobules

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8
Q

mediastinum of testes

A

hilum of testes

entry and exit of vessels, lymp, nn, ducts

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9
Q

lobule of testes

A

contains 1-4 coiled seminiferous tubules

embedded in loose CT stroma

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10
Q

leydig cells

A

single or clustered in stroma btwn seminiferous tubules
large irregular polyhedral interstitial cells
rounded nuclei w/1-2 nucleoli
many cytoplasmic inclusions
produce T therefore close to vessels

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11
Q

characteristics of leydig cells

A 
prominent golgi
abundant mito
many peroxisomes
extensive sER
many peroxisomes
lysosomes present
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12
Q

seminiferous tubules

A

site of:
spermatogenesis- spermatogonia transformed into spermatozoa
spermiogenesis- spermatids intospermatozoa

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13
Q

convoluted arching loops of seminferous tubules

A

may connect tubules w/in or btwn lobules

at termination convoluted tubule becomes straight tubule empties into rete tesis of mediastinum testis

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14
Q

histo of seminiferous tubules

A

heavy BM
collagen fibers ensheath tubule
peritubular contractile cells
spermatogenic epi- specialized stratified epi 4-8 cells thick

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15
Q

sertoli cells

A

scattered amongst germ cells in spermatogenic epi

provide developing germ cell w/mechanical support, protection, nutrition

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16
Q

sertoli cells histo

A

reach from BM to lumen
tall columnar cells
large pale oval nuclei w/prominent nucleolus and membrane infoldings
cytoplasm indented by developing germ cells
create blood-testes barrier

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17
Q

blood tested barrier

A

created by sertoli cells

seperates speratocytes from spermatogonia

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18
Q

spermatogenesis

A 
occurs in coiled seminiferous tubules
divided into 3 phases:
-spermatocytogenesis
-meiosis
-spermiogenesis
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19
Q

spermatocytogenesis

A

speratogonis proliferate by mitotic division

type A -> type B -> spermatocyte

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20
Q

meiosis

A

primary spermatocyte -> secondary spermatocyte -> spermatid

2 divisions makes then 1N

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21
Q

spermiogenesis

A

spermatids -> spermatozoa

22
Q

spermatogonia

A

cells sit on BM and are 2N

only germ cells present prior to puberty

23
Q

type A spermatogonia

A

one daughter remains as type A

other becomes type B

24
Q

type B spermatogonia

A

forms 2 primary spermatocytes

25
Q

primary speratocytes

A

largest of sperm cells

meiosis 1 produces 2 secondary spermatocytes reducing chrom to 23

26
Q

secondary spermatocytes

A

smaller then primary

meiosis 2 produces 2 spermatids-> 1N

27
Q

spermatids

A

embedded in sertoli cells close to lumen
1N w/23 chroms
undergo speriogenesis

28
Q

head of mature sperm

A

condensed nucleus and cap

dense acrosome contains hyaluronidase

29
Q

neck and middle piece of sperm

A

contains core of longitudinal filiments
surrounded by mitochondrial sheath
powers mvmt of tail

30
Q

tail of sperm

A

ensheathed by thin layer of cytoplasm
similar to cilium (9+2 MT arrangement)
tip is naked

31
Q

cycle of seminiferous epi

A

humans 6 stages
segment- lenght of tubule varies
wave- distance btwn 2 similar stages

32
Q

tubuli recti

A

straight seminiferous tubules
begins at apex of lobule
lining becomes simple columnar epi
tubule opens into rete testis

33
Q

rete testis

A

irregular network of anastomosing channels in mediastinum of testis

34
Q

efferent ductules

A

10-15 drain into ductus epidiymis

35
Q

epididymis

A

formed by efferent ductules and ductules epididymis

36
Q

ductus epididymis

A

single coiled duct 4-5m long
tall pseudostratisfied columnar epi w/sterocilia
continuous w/ductus deferens

37
Q

ductus deferens

A

thick walled muscular tube
epi like ductus epeidiymis -tall pseudostratisfied columnar epi w/sterocilia
runs via inguinal canal in spermatic cord
courses retroperitoneally inot pelvis
terminally dialtes as ampulla
ends as ejaculatory duct

38
Q

ejaculatory duct

A

formed by union of ampulla and seminal vesicles

empties into prostatic urethra

39
Q

seminal vesicles

A 
divertiula of ducti deferens
postero-inferior surface of bladder
irregular lumen and many folds/recesses
epi depends on T
produce and store mucoid secretions
does NOT store sperm
produces bulk of ejaculate
fluid high in fructose
40
Q

prostate gland

A

located inf to bladder, surrounds urethra
aggregate fo 30=50 tubulo-alveolar glands
divided into 3 zones:
peripheral (carcinomas)
transitional
central (BPH)
periurethral

41
Q

prostate epi

A

glandular epi is hormonal dependent

glands develop in puberty

42
Q

urethraprostatic concretions

A

aka corpora amylacea
enlargements that may constrict/block urethra
size and number increase w/age

43
Q

prostatic secretions

A

make large portion of ejaculate
thin milky slightly alkaline fluid
contains acid phosphatase (used to diagnose prostatic epithelial malignany)

44
Q

cowpers gland

A 
bulbourethral glands
pea sized compoud tubo-aveolar gland
in mm of UGD
ducts open into penile urethra
secrete clear viscous mucoid substance
occurs under erotic stimulation
lumbricates urethra
45
Q

corpous spongiosum

A 
cylindrical body of vascular lacunae
enclosed in CT capsule
connected to venous plexus
mucosal glands
erectile function of glans penis
46
Q

corpora cavernosa

A

2 dorsally
partially covered by sub-cutaneous tissue and thin skin
lack fat and hair follicles
terminally skin reduplicates as prepuce

47
Q

epi over glans penis

A

stratisfied squamous, non-keritinizing

continuous w/urethral epi

48
Q

flaccid

A

smooth m coils helicine aa shunts blood thry arterivenous shunts

49
Q

erection

A

parasympathetic input straightens helicine aa, closes shunts, blood fills corporal caviites
tunica albuginea prevents over filling

50
Q

ejaculation

A

-bulbourethral glands secrete mucus to lubricate urethra
-prostate gland discharge initiates true ejaculation
secretion neutralizes acidity of urine-bathed urethra
-sperm forced into urethra by m wall of ductus deferens
-seminal vesicle adds secretion pushing sperm and clearing urethra, rich in fructose
-bulbocavernosus m forces semen outside by compressing bulb of corpus spongisum

repro (13 decks)

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