Pelvic Girdle Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

pelvic girdle is a ____-shaped ring of bones
- connects the vertebral
column to the _____

basin

two femurs.

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The primary functions of the pelvic girdle are to
*bear the weight of the ____ body when _____ and ____
*transfer that weight from the ___ to the ______ skeleton for
standing and walking.
*provide attachment for the powerful muscles of _____ and _____ and
those of the abdominal wall, withstanding the forces generated by their
actions.

upper ; sitting and standing.

axial; lower appendicular

locomotion and posture

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Consequently, the pelvic girdle is strong and rigid, especially compared to
the _______ girdle.

pectoral (shoulder)

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Pelvic girdle contain and protect the pelvic viscera ( _____ parts of the urinary tracts and
the internal reproductive organs) and the inferior abdominal viscera (e.g.,
______ )
*Permits passage of their terminal parts (and, in females,a _______) via the ____.

inferior

intestines

full-term fetus

perineum

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Pelvic girdle provide support for the abdominopelvic viscera and ___ (pregnant) uterus

gravid

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Pelvic girdle provide attachment for the erectile bodies of the external genitalia

T/F

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Bones and Features of Pelvic Girdle
-Right and left hip bones are (small or large?) , (regularly or irregularly?) shaped
bones, each of which develops from the fusion of three bones ( _____,_____,____).

Large

irregularly

ilium, ischium,
and pubis

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Right and left hip bones aka ___ or ______ bones)

coxal

pelvic

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Sacrum: formed by the fusion of ____, originally _____ , sacral vertebrae.

five

separate

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The internal aspects of the hip bones form the _____ walls of the pelvis

Lateral

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external aspects of hip bones are primarily involved in providing attachment for the _____
muscles

lower limb

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In infants and children, each hip bone consists of ____ separate bones united by a ____ cartilage at the ______

three

triradiate

acetabulum

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The acetabulum is the ____-like depression in the ____ surface of the hip bone that articulates with the ______ of the ____

cup

lateral

head of the femur

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After _____, the ilium, ischium, and pubis fuse to form the hip bone.

puberty

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The right and left hip bones are joined anteriorly at the _____, a _____
cartilaginous joint.

pubic symphysis

secondary

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The hip bones articulate posteriorly with the ____ at the ______ joints to form the pelvic girdle.

sacrum

sacro-iliac

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ILIUM

The ilium is the (superior or inferior?) , ___-shaped part of the hip bone
The ala ( ___) of the ilium represents the ____ of the fan
the body of the ilium, represents the ___ of the fan.

Superior

fan

wing; spread

handle

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On its external aspect, the ____ of the ilium participates in formation of the acetabulum.

body

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The iliac crest, the ___ of the fan, has a curve that follows the contour of the ___ between the ______ and _____

rim

ala

anterior and posterior superior iliac spines.

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The antero___ (concave or convex?) surface of the ala of the ilium forms the ____

medial

concave

iliac fossa.

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Posteriorly, the sacro_____ surface of the ilium features an _____ surface and an _____, for ____ and _____ articulation with the sacrum,
respectively.

pelvic

auricular

Iliac tuberosity

synovial and syndesmotic

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ISCHIUM

(higher or lower?) and (anterior or posterior?) part of the hip bone
The ischium has a ____ and ____

lower

posterior

body and ramus

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The ____ of the ischium helps form the acetabulum

body

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the ramus of the ischium forms part of the ______

rami of ____ forms the other half).

obturator foramen

pubis

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The (small or large?) postero-____ protuberance of the ischium is the _____

Large inferior ischial tuberosity.

Ischium! | The (small or large?) pointed postero____ projection near the junction of the ____ and ____ is the ischial ____.

Small medial ramus and body spine

The (concavity or covexity?) between the ischial | spine and the ischial tuberosity is the ______

concavity lesser sciatic notch.

The larger concavity, the ______ notch, is ____ to the ischial spine and is formed in part by the ____.

Greater sciatic notch superior ilium

PUBIS - (ventral or dorsal ?) part of the pelvis - has a _____,_____, and ____

Vental body , superior Ramus, and inferior Ramus

The pubis is an angulated bone | T/F

The pubis has a _____, which helps form the acetabulum, and a _____ , which contributes to the bony borders of the obturator foramen.

superior ramus inferior ramus

A thickening on the anterior part of the body of the pubis is the _____, which ends laterally as a prominent swelling, the _____.

pubic crest pubic tubercle

The (medial or lateral ?) part of the superior pubic ramus has an oblique ridge, the ____ ( ____ of the _____).

Lateral pecten pubis pectineal line of the pubis

the obturator foramen allows exit of vessels and nerves out of the ____ to the _____

pelvis lower limb

obturator artery is a branch of the ______ artery , obturator vein , and obturator nerve from the ____ plexus, all pass through the obturator foramen

internal iliac lumbar

The pelvis is divided into greater (false) and lesser (true) pelvis by the _____ plane of the _____

oblique pelvic inlet

Pelvic inlet aka _____ Pelvic outlet aka _____ Pecten pubis aka _____

superior pelvic aperture Inferior pelvic aperture pectineal line

The bony edge (rim) surrounding and defining the pelvic inlet is the pelvic _____

brim

Pelvic brim is formed by the : * ____ and ____ of the sacrum, * continuous oblique ridge consisting of the: ___ line on the inner surface of the ____. * ______ and _____ , forming the superior border of the superior ramus and body of the pubis.

promontory and ala arcuate; ilium pecten pubis and pubic crest

The pubic arch -is formed by the right and left _____ rami that meet at the _______ , their (superior or inferior?) borders defining the _____ angle

ischiopubic pubic symphysis inferior; subpubic

Ischiopubic rami refers to conjoined ___ rami of the pubis and ____

inferior ischium

The width of the subpubic angle is determined by the distance between the right and the left _____

ischial tuberosities

Subpubic angle can be measured in the vagina during a pelvic examination. T/F

The pelvic outlet - is bounded by the _____ anteriorly. - ______laterally. - (superior or inferior?) margin of the ____ ligament posterolaterally - _____ of the _____ posteriorly.

pubic arch ischial tuberosities Inferior; sacrotuberous tip of the coccyx

The sacrotuberous ligament runs between the ____ and the _____

coccyx | and the ischial tuberosity

The greater pelvis -aka ____ pelvis -is the part of the pelvis ____ to the pelvic inlet. -bounded by the ____ posterolaterally - the _____ aspect of the ___ vertebra posteriorly. -occupied by abdominal viscera (e.g., the ____ and ____ colon)

false superior iliac alae anterosuperior; S1 ileum; sigmoid

The lesser pelvis - aka ____ pelvis - is the part of the pelvis between the _____ and _____ - bounded by the pelvic surfaces of the hip bones, sacrum, and coccyx that includes the true pelvic cavity and the (surface or deep?) parts of the perineum specifically the —— fossae

true pelvic inlet and pelvic outlet. Deep ischio-anal

The ischio-anal is of major obstetrical and gynecological significance. T/F

The (concave or convex?) superior surface of the _____ pelvic ____ forms the floor of the true pelvic cavity, which is thus ____ centrally .

Concave musculofascial Diaphragm diaphragm deepest

The (concave or convex?) inferior surface of the pelvic diaphragm forms the ____ of the ___, which is therefore ____ centrally and ___ peripherally.

Convex roof perineum shallow deep

Its (medial or lateral?) parts (ischio-anal fossae) extend well up into the ___ pelvis.

Lateral lesser

Orientation of Pelvic Girdle -When a person is in the anatomical position, the right and left _____ and the anterior aspect of the ____ lie in the same vertical plane -When a pelvic girdle in this position is viewed anteriorly , the tip of the coccyx appears close to the ___ of the ____ , and the pubic bones and pubic symphysis constitute more of a _____ than an ____

anterior superior iliac spines (ASISs) pubic symphysis center of the pelvic inlet weight-bearing floor anterior wall.

Joints and Ligaments of Pelvic Girdle | -The primary joints of the pelvic girdle are the ____ joints and the ____

sacro-iliac pubic symphysis

The sacro-iliac joints link the ___ skeleton and the ____ skeleton -Strong ligaments support and strengthen these joints.

axial inferior appendicular

The lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal joints, are joints of the ___ skeleton

axial

The lumbosacral and sacrococcygeal joints are indirectly related to the pelvic girdle T/F

F Directly

Sacro-iliac Joints - ______ joint - The sacro-iliac joints are (strong or weak?) weight-bearing compound joints, consisting of an anterior ____ joint and a posterior _____

synovial Strong synovial; syndesmosis

Sacroiliac joints move as a single unit | T/F

anterior synovial sacroiliac joint is between the __-shaped ___ surfaces of the ___ and ____, covered with ____ cartilage)

ear auricular sacrum and ilium articular

a posterior syndesmosis of the sacroiliac joint is a ____ joint between the ___ of these bones

fibrous tuberosities

The auricular surfaces of the synovial joint have ____ but _____ elevations and depressions that interlock

irregular but congruent

The sacro-iliac joints differ from most synovial joints in that —— is allowed, a consequence of their role in _____________

limited mobility transmitting the weight of most of the body to the hip bones.

weight is transferred from the axial skeleton to the ilia via sacro-iliac _____ ,then to the ____ during standing, and to the _____ during sitting.

ligaments femurs ischial tuberosities

As long as tight apposition is maintained between the ______, the sacro-iliac joints remain stable.

articular surfaces

the sacrum is actually suspended between the iliac bones and is firmly attached to them by _____ and _____ sacro-iliac ligaments

posterior and interosseous

sacral surface of sacroiliac joint is covered with _____ cartilage and the ileum has ____ cartilage

hyaline fibro

LIGAMENTS OF THE SACROILIAC JOINT -The (thin or thick?) anterior sacro-iliac ligaments are the (anterior or posterior ?) part of the ____ of the synovial part of the joint

Thin Anterior fibrous capsule

The posterior sacro-iliac ligaments are the posterior (internal or external?) continuation of the same mass of ____ tissue and can be further divided into ___(_____) and ____ (_____) ligaments

External fibrous short; long Intrinsic; extrinsic

interosseous sacro-iliac ligaments lay deep between the ______ of the sacrum and ilium and occupying an area of approximately ___ cm2)

tuberosities 10

_____ sacro-iliac ligaments are the primary structures involved in transferring the weight of the upper body from the axial skeleton to the 2 ilia of the appendicular skeleton

interosseous

The interosseous sacroiliac ligament is limited or abundant?

Abundant

Because the fibers of the interosseous and posterior sacro-iliac ligaments run _____ and ____ from the sacrum, the axial weight pushing down on the sacrum actually pulls the ilia (outward or inward?) (medially or laterally?) ) so that they compress the sacrum between them, locking the ____ but _____ surfaces of the sacro-iliac joints together.

obliquely upward and outward Inward ;medially irregular but congruent

the interosseous sacroiliac ligament is (short or long?) and runs (parallel or perpendicular ?) from just behind the articular surfaces of the sacrum to the ilium

Short perpendicular

The iliolumbar ligaments are one of the main ligaments of the sacroiliac joint T/F

F The are accessory

the sacroiliac ligaments become loose during pregnancy T/F If T why If F why

T due to hormonal secretion to widen the pelvic canal during the birth process

sacrotuberous ligament -(superiorly or Inferiorly?) , the (anterior or posterior?) sacro-iliac ligaments are joined by fibers extending from the ____ margin of the ilium and the ___ of the coccyx to form the (little or massive?) sacrotuberous ligament

Inferiorly Posterior posterior base Massive

The sacrotuberous ligament passes from the posterior ___ and lateral ____ and ____ to the _____, transforming the sciatic notch of the hip bone into a _______

ilium sacrum and coccyx ischial tuberosity large sciatic foramen.

The sacrospinous ligament -passing from the lateral ____ and ____ to the ______, further subdivides this large sciatic foramen into ______ and ____

sacrum and coccyx ischial spine greater and lesser sciatic foramina.

Usually, movement at the sacro-iliac joint is limited by interlocking of the articulating bones and the sacro-iliac ligaments to slight ____ and ____ movements

gliding and rotary

When landing after a high jump or when weight lifting in the standing position, exceptional force is transmitted through the bodies of the ___ vertebrae to the (superior or inferior ?) end of the _____. -Because this transfer of weight occurs (anterior or posterior?) to the axis of the sacro-iliac joints, the superior end of the sacrum is pushed (superiorly or inferiorly?) and (anteriorly or posteriorly?)

lumbar Superior sacrum Anterior inferiorly; anteriorly

rotation of the superior sacrum is counterbalanced by the (strong or weak?) _____ and ____ ligaments, which anchor the ____ end of the sacrum to the ______,preventing its superior and posterior rotation .

Strong sacrotuberous and sacrospinous Inferior ischium

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS - the symphysial surafce of the pubic bone is covered with ____ cartilage - consists of a ___cartilaginous interpubic disc and surrounding ligaments uniting the bodies of the pubic bones in the median plane - The ligaments joining the bones are thickened at the ___ and ____ margins of the symphysis, forming ____ and ______ pubic ligaments.

hyaline fibro superior and inferior superior and inferior

The interpubic disc is generally wider in _____.

women

The superior pubic ligament connects the superior aspects of the ______ and _____ , extending as far laterally as the _____

pubic bodies and interpubic disc Pubic tubercles

The inferior (aka ____) pubic ligament is a (thin or thick?) arch of fibers that connects the inferior aspects of the joint components, rounding off the subpubic angle as it forms the ___ of the pubic arch

arcuate Thick apex

Anchoring pubic symphysis - ____ pubic ligament - _____ pubic ligament - _____ pubic ligament - _____ pubic ligament

superior inferior anterior Posterior

LUMBOSACRAL JOINTS -L5 and S1 vertebrae articulate at the anterior intervertebral (IV) joint formed by the L5/S1 IV disc between their bodies and at two ________ joints (facet joints) between the articular processes of these vertebrae

posterior zygapophysial

LUMBOSACRAL JOINT involves an IV disc | T/F

The facets on the S1 vertebra face ______, interlocking with the _____ facing inferior articular facets of the L5 vertebra, preventing the lumbar vertebra from sliding ___iorly down the incline of the sacrum.

posteromedially anterolaterally anter

Lumbosacral joints are further strengthened by ___-like ____ ligaments radiating from the ______ of the L5 vertebra to the ilia

fan iliolumbar transverse processes

movements possible at lumbosacral joints are mainly ____ and ____ and a small amount of _____(__ degrees)

flexion and extension lateral flexion ;7

Ligaments of the pelvis anchoring the Lumbosacral joint - ______ ligament - _______ ligament - _______ ligament - ____ ligament - _______ ligament - _____ ligament (accessory)

anterior longitudinal posterior longitudinal lateral lumbosacral interspinous supraspinous iliolumbar

SACROCOCCYGEAL JOINT -The sacrococcygeal joint is a _____ cartilaginous joint with an IV disc. - ___cartilage and ligaments join the ___ of the sacrum to the ____ of the coccyx. -The _____ and _____ sacrococcygeal ligaments are (short or long?) strands that reinforce the joint

secondary Fibro apex; base anterior and posterior Long

Sacrococcygeal joint is highly moveable | T/F

F slightly moveable

Sacrococcygeal joint is ____ in old age

obliterated

Anchoring sacrococcygeal ligament - anterior sacrococcygeal ligament (extension of _____ ligament) - posterior sacrococcygeal ligament - _____ sacrococcygeal ligament (on both sides and connects the ____ of the coccyx to the____ of the sacrum

anterior longitudinal lateral transverse process; lower lateral angle

CLINICAL STUFF (1)Pelvic Fractures Anteroposterior compression of the pelvis occurs during ____ accidents (e.g., when a heavy object falls on the pelvis -This type of trauma commonly produces fractures of the _____. -When the pelvis is compressed laterally, the _____ and ___ are squeezed toward each other and may be broken.

crush; pubic rami acetabula and ilia

Fractures of the bony pelvic ring are almost always ____ fractures or a fracture combined with a ____

multiple joint dislocation

Some pelvic fractures result from the tearing away of bone by the _____ associated with the _____ joints.

strong ligaments sacro-iliac

Weak areas of the pelvis, where fractures often occur, are the ____, the ___ (or the area immediately surrounding them), the region of the _____ joints, and the ____ of the ilium.

pubic rami acetabula sacro-iliac alae

Pelvic fractures may cause injury to pelvic soft tissues, blood vessels, nerves, and organs. T/F

Fractures in the pubo-obturator area are relatively (common or rare?) and are often complicated because of their relationship to the ____ and _____ , which may be ruptured or torn.

Common urinary bladder and urethra

Falls on the feet or buttocks from a high ladder may drive the head of the femur through the ___ into the pelvic cavity, injuring pelvic viscera, nerves, and vessels. -In persons younger than ___ years of age, the acetabulum may fracture through the ___ cartilage into its ____ developmental parts or the bony acetabular margins may be torn away

acetabulum 17 triradiate three

Cephalopelvic disproportion - occurs when a baby’s head is too ___ to pass through the mother’s pelvis. During labour, there is supposed to be a progression of _____ to allow the passage of the baby’s head. - When this fails to occurs, delivery may be difficult - ______ may be an option

large pelvic enlargement cesarean section

Men VS Women ``` Greater pelvis( deep, shallow) Lesser pelvis(narrow,deep, wide, shallow) Pelvic inlet(oval , narrow, heart shaped, wide) Pelvic outlet(relatively small or large) ```

Men: deep , women:shallow Men:narrow,deep women:wide, shallow Men: heart shaped,narrow women:oval,wide Men:relatively small Women:relatively large

Men VS women Pubic arch(narrow , wide , specific angle) Obturator foramen (oval, round) Acetabulum (small, large) Ischial tuberosity (shorter , longer)

Men:narrow <70 Women:wide>80 Men:round Women:oval Men:large Women:small Men:longer Women: shorter

Men VS Women General pelvis structure (thin,thick,heavy,light) Sacrum(shorter,longer,narrower,wider,more or less curved) Coccyx(moveable ,immovable, more or less curved) Greater sciatic notch (almost 70, almost 90)

Men:thick heavy Women:thin light Men: longer,narrower, more curved Women:shorter,wider,less curved Men:immovable,less curved Women:moveable,more curved Men:almost 70(narrow) Women:almost 90