Introduction to the Endocrine System Flashcards
Endocrine system maintains homeostasis & shortterm control using chemical signals, or hormones
T/F
F
Long term
Terms of Hormone Action
Endocrine:
-circulated by ____ to target cells
Paracrine:
- Hormones that affect ____ cells
- aka ____
Autocrine:
-Hormones that act on ____
Neuroendocrine pathway
-hormones that are released by ____ to reach the target cells
blood
neighboring; Juxtacrine
the cells that secrete them
neurons
Mechanism of Action for lipid-soluble or steroid Endocrine hormones
-lipid-soluble hormones diffuse ___ into the cell
freely
activated receptor-hormone complex alters gene expression
T/F
T
Lipid-Soluble Hormones include : Aldosterone
T/F
T
Lipid-Soluble Hormones include :
Calcitriol
T/F
T
Lipid-Soluble Hormones include :
T3 & T4
T/F
T
Mechanism of action for water-soluble Hormones.
- binding of hormone (____ messenger) to ____ receptors that would activate _ protein that activates _____
- activated adenyl cyclase coverts __ to ___ that would activate_____
- activated protein kinases ____ other enzymes
- millions of phosphorylated enzymes catalyze reactions that produce physiological responses
first
intercellular
G
adenyl Cyclase
ATP to cAMP ; protein kinases
phosphorylates
water-soluble Hormones
- they include
- ____lamines (Epinephrine Norepinephrine),
- Peptides/Proteins (All _____ hormones ,___,____)
Catecho
Hypothalamic releasing/inhibiting
Oxytocin , ADH
Anterior Pituitary Hormones
Lipid or water soluble?
Water
Parathyroid Hormone: lipid or water soluble
Water
Pancreas Hormones : lipid or water soluble?
.
Water
Calcitonin
Lipid or water soluble
Water
Hormone Interactions
(1) Down-regulation:
- _____ in target cell receptors when ____\ hormone is present
(2) Up-regulation:
- ____ in target cell receptors when there is a ____ of hormone
(3) Permissive Effect: When the actions of a hormone on target cells requires a ____ or ___ exposure to a ____ hormone
Synergistic Effect:
-Two hormones acting together have a ___ or ____ effect.
Antagonistic Effect:
-One hormone ____ the action of another hormone.
decrease
excessive
Increase
deficiency
simultaneous; recent; second
greater or more extensive
opposes
PERMISSIVE EFFECT
- eg, Uterus exposed to estrogen induces formation ____
- eg , Glucocorticoids permissive on _____
- eg, PTH has a permissive effect on actions of ______
progesterone
catecholamines
vitamin D3
Hormones can increase activity of another hormone or increase sensitivity of target cell to a hormone
T/F
T
ACTIONS OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS AS THE MASTER GLAND
Hypothalamus:
-Controls the activity of the pituitary gland by releasing hormones called ____or____hormones
releasing or inhibiting
Hormones of the Hypothalamus
- _____-releasing hormone (TRH)
- _____-releasing hormone (GnRH)
- _____ hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH)
- _____-releasing hormone (CRH)
- _____
- _____
Thyrotropin
Gonadotropin
Growth
Corticotropin
Somatostatin
Dopamine
All of these hypothalamic hormones are released into the _____ & travel immediately in _____ to a 2nd capillary bed in ____ pituitary, where they exert their effects
blood in capillaries
portal veins
anterior
Hypothalamic hormones are released in periodic spurts
T/F
T
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal Tract
- the gland is subdivide into 2
- anterior lobe :
- aka _____
- ____ gland
- _____hormone
- posterior lobe :
- connected to hypothalamus through _____ tract
- ____ hormones secreted by _______
adenohypophysis
true
secretes
hypothalamo-hypophyseal
stores
hypothalamic nuclei
