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ANA 204 > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Pancreas

-an all _____ structure with an accessory ____ function that is partly _____ and partly _____

A

flesh

digestive

endocrine

exocrine

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2
Q

the exocrine secretion is the pancreatic juice from the ____ cells that enters the ____ through the _____ and ______ pancreatic ducts

A

acinar

duodenum

main and accessory

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3
Q

the endocrine secretion includes _____ and _____ from the _____ that enter the blood

A

glucagon and insulin

islets of Langerhans

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4
Q

LOCATION

  • its (intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?)
  • found between _ and _ vertebrae
  • divided into ____,____,____ and _____
A

retroperitoneal

L1-L2

neck, head , body and tail

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5
Q

the head of pancreas lies behind the _____ in the curvature of the ______ loop of the duodenum

A

stomach

descending

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6
Q

the tip of the tail of the pancreas faces the _____

A

spleen

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7
Q

HEAD OF PANCREAS

  • embraced by the C-shaped curve of the duodenum to the right of the ______ vessels just (inferior or superior?) to the transpyloric plane
  • firmly attaches to the (medial or lateral?) aspect of descending and _____ parts of the duodenum
A

Superior mesenteric

inferior

medial;horizontal

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8
Q

the head of pancreas rests posteriorly on the ____, ___ renal arteries and vein, ___ renal vein

A

IVC

right

left

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9
Q

towards the opening into the descending part of the duodenum , the bile duct lies in a groove on the _____ surface of the head or _____

A

posterosuperior

embedded in its substance

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10
Q

NECK OF PANCREAS

  • (short or long?)
  • __ to___cm
  • overlies _____ vessels which form a groove in its (anterior or posterior?) aspect
A

short

1.5-2

Superior mesenteric

posterior

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11
Q

the Anterior part of the neck that is covered with _____ is adjacent to the _____ of the stomach

A

peritoneum

pylorus

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12
Q

the _____ vein joins the ____ vein posterior to the ____ of pancreas to form the hepatic portal vein

A

superior mesenteric

splenic

neck

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13
Q

BODY OF PANCREAS
-continues from the neck and lies to the ___ of the Superior mesenteric vessels, passing over the aorta and ___ vertebrae ,contrinuing just (above or below?) the transpyloric plane posterior to the _____

A

left

L2

above

omental bursa

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14
Q

the Anterior surface of the body of pancreas is covered with peritoneum and lies in the (roof or floor?) of the OMENTAL bursa

A

floor

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15
Q

Body of pancreas forms part of the stomach bed

T/F

A

T

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16
Q

the posterior surface is devoid of peritoneum and is in contact with the ___, ____ , left _____, left ____ and _____ vessels

A

aorta

SMA

suprarenal gland

kidney and renal

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17
Q

TAIL OF PANCREAS

-lies (Anterior or posterior?) to the left kidney where it is closely related to splenic _____ and the ____ flexure

A

Anterior

hilum

left colic

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18
Q

DUCTS

  • has 2 ducts
  • ___ pancreatic duct
  • _____ pancreatic duct
A

main

accessory

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19
Q

main pancreatic duct
-begins in the ____ of the pancreas and runs through the parenchyma of the gland to the pancreatic ____ then turns (Inferiorly or superiorly?) and is closely related to the ____ duct

A

tail

head

Inferiorly

bile

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20
Q

Main pancreatic duct United with the bile duct to form the (long or short?) ____ hepatopancreatic ___ of ____

A

short

dilated

ampulla of vater

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21
Q

the ampulla of vater opens into the ____ part of the duodenum at the summit of the ____ duodenal papilla

A

descending

major

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22
Q

atleast ___% of the time, the duct opens into the duodenum separately from the bile duct

A

25

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23
Q

SPHINCTERS

  • 3 _____ muscle sphincters that control the flow of the bile and pancreatic juice into the ampulla and prevent reflux of the duodenal content into the ampulla
    (1) the sphincter of the _____ duct around the ____ part of the pancreatic duct
    (2) the sphincter of the ___ duct that is around the _____ of the bile duct
    (3) the _____ sphincter of ___ around the __________
A

smooth

pancreatic ; terminal

bile; termination

hepatopancreatic; oddi

hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater

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24
Q

The accessory pancreatic duct

-opens into the duodenum at the summit of the _____

A

minor duodenal papilla

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25
Q

usually the accessory duct doesn’t communicate with the main duct

T/F

A

F

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26
Q

in some cases the main duct is smaller than the accessory duct and the two may not be connected
T/F

A

T

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27
Q

in some cases the main duct is smaller than the accessory duct and the two may not be connected and in such cases , the ____ duct carries most of the pancreatic juice

A

accessory

28
Q

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF PANCREAS

  • derived mainly from the branches of the markedly _____ —— artery
  • multiple pancreatic arteries from several arcades pancreatic branches of ____ and _______ arteries
A

tortuous; splenic

gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric

29
Q

as many as ____ branches may pass from the splenic artery to the ____ and ____ of pancreas

A

10

body and tail

30
Q

the Anterior and posterior Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, branches of the ____ artery and the Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, branches of the ____ form anteriorly and posteriorly placed arcades that supply the ____ of the pancreas

A

gastroduodenal

SMA

head

31
Q

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE PANCREAS

  • occurs through _____ veins
  • tributaries of the ____ and _____ parts of the hepatic portal vein
  • most empty into ____ veiN
A

pancreatic

splenic and superior mesenteric

splenic

32
Q

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE

  • they follow the blood vessels
  • most vessels in the ______ lymph nodes which lie along the splenic artery
  • some vessels end in the _____ lymph nodes
  • efferent vessels from these nodes drain to the ______ lymph nodes or to the _____ lymph nodes through the ____ lymph nodes
A

pancreaticosplenic

pyloric

Superior mesenteric; coeliac; hepatic

33
Q

NERVES OF THE PANCREAS

  • are derived from ____ and __________ nerves passing through the diaphragm
  • the parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers reach the pancreas by passing along the arteries from the ___ plexus and ______ plexus
A

vagus and abdominopelvic splanchnic

celiac

superior mesenteric

34
Q

Only parasympathetic fibers are distributed to pancreatic acinar cells and islets
T/F

A

F

Both parasympathetic and sympathetic

35
Q

the sympathetic fibers are secretomotor

T/F

A

F

Parasympathetic

36
Q

pancreatic secretion is primarily mediated by ____ and _____ , hormones formed by the ____ cells of the ____ and proximal intestinal ____ under the stimulus of ____ contents from the stomach

A

secretin and cholecystokinin

epithelial; duodenum

Mucosa

acid

37
Q

Pancreas

lies in the _____ and ____ regions.

-Its left extremity ,the __, lies in the ____ ligament.

A

epigastric and left hypochondriac

tail; lienorenal

38
Q

Pancreas

The pancreas is ____ located in the ___ part of the abdomen

A

upper

Deeply

39
Q

Pancreas is hidden by many organs

T/F

A

T

40
Q

Pancreas is easily accessible for physical examination

T/F

A

F

It’s not

41
Q

The pancreas is “___-shaped or ___ shaped

A

J

retort

42
Q

Pancreas

Length: ____ cm
Width: _____ cm.
Thickness: _____ cm.
Weight: _____g

A

12–15

3–4

1.5–2

80–90

43
Q

Pancreas has head with one process, ____

And body with one process , _____

A

uncinate process

tuber OMENTALe

44
Q

HEAD OF PANCREAS

-___ vertebra.

A

L2

45
Q

Uncinate process is a ____-like process from the (upper or lower?) and (left and right?) part of the head.

It extends toward the (left or right?) behind the ______, in front of ______

A

hook

lower

right

left

superior mesenteric vessels

abdominal aorta

46
Q

Superior border of head of pancreas is related to:
a) ____ part of the ____

b) _________ artery.

A

first; duodenum

superior pancreaticoduodenal

47
Q

Inferior border of head of pancreas is related to

a) _____ part of the _____
- b) ______ artery

A

third; duodenum

inferior pancreaticoduodena

48
Q

Right lateral border of head of pancreas is related to:

a) ______ part of the _______
b) ____ arterial arcades.

A

second; duodenum

anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal

49
Q

Anterior surface of head of pancreas is related from above downward to:

a) ____ artery
b) ____ colon
c) ____ of the _____
d) _______.

A

gastroduodenal

transverse

root of the transverse mesocolon

jejunum

50
Q

Upper border of neck of pancreas is related to the ____ part of the _____.

-Lower border of neck of pancreas is related to the _____ of the _____

A

first

duodenum

root

transverse mesocolon.

51
Q

Anterior border of body of pancreas provides the attachment to the _____ of _____

A

root of transverse mesocolon.

52
Q

Superior border of body of pancreas is related to the ____ artery above the ______ , _____ artery to the (right or left?), and _____ artery to the left of _____

A

coeliac

tuber omentale

hepatic; right

splenic; tuber omentale.

53
Q

Inferior border of body of pancreas is related to ______ at its right end

A

superior mesenteric vessels

54
Q

Inferior surface of body of pancreas covered by peritoneum is related to: (a) _____ flexure, (b) coils of ______, and(c) _______ flexure.

A

duodenojejunal

jejunum

left colic

55
Q

Tail of pancreas is mobile

T/F

A

T

56
Q

_____ of the pancreas contains the largest number of islets of Langerhans per unit of tissue as compared to other parts of the gla

A

Tail

57
Q

the major duodenal papilla,_____ cm distal to the pylorus.

A

8–10

58
Q

Main pancreatic duct receives tributaries (smaller ducts) throughout its length, at ___ angle to its ___ axis in a “______ pattern.”

A

right

long

herringbone

59
Q

Main pancreatic duct is the only duct in 90% of cases.

T/F

A

T

60
Q

minor duodenal papilla is about ____ cm above the opening of main pancreatic duct and _____ cm distal to pylorus

A

2–3

6–8

61
Q

main source of blood supply to the pancreas is the ____ artery

A

splenic

62
Q

Blood supply of pancreas

Two branches of splenic artery are named: One large branch which arises near the ____ and runs toward the _____ is called _______.

Another relatively small branch, which runs toward the ____ of the ____, is termed ______

A

tail

neck

arteria pancreatica magna

tip of the tail

arteria caudae pancreatica.

63
Q

The sympathetic supply of pancreas is ___motor

A

vaso

64
Q

Carcinoma of the head of pancreas is (common or rare?)

It compresses the bile duct leading to ______.

It may press the ____ or may involve the ____ due to close vicinity of these structures to the head of pancreas.

A

common

persistent obstructive jaundice

portal vein

stomach

65
Q

Acute pancreatitis

  • is the acute inflammation of the pancreas.
  • It occurs due to obstruction of _____, ingestion of ____, ___ infections (mumps), or trauma.
  • It is serious condition because _____ leak into the substance of pancreas and initiates the ____ of the gland.
  • Clinically, it presents as very severe pain in the _____ region radiating to the ____, fever, nausea, and vomiting.
A

pancreatic duct

alcohol

viral; mumps

activated pancreatic enzymes

autodigestion

epigastric; back

66
Q

In acute pancreatitis

The serum amylase, level is raised 2 times.
T/F

A

F

4 times

67
Q

Commonest sites of accessory pancreatic tissue is ______

A

Duodenum

ANA 204 (10 decks)

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