Pancreas Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

Pancreas

-an all _____ structure with an accessory ____ function that is partly _____ and partly _____

flesh

digestive

endocrine

exocrine

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the exocrine secretion is the pancreatic juice from the ____ cells that enters the ____ through the _____ and ______ pancreatic ducts

acinar

duodenum

main and accessory

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the endocrine secretion includes _____ and _____ from the _____ that enter the blood

glucagon and insulin

islets of Langerhans

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LOCATION

its (intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal?)
found between _ and _ vertebrae
divided into ____,____,____ and _____

retroperitoneal

L1-L2

neck, head , body and tail

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the head of pancreas lies behind the _____ in the curvature of the ______ loop of the duodenum

stomach

descending

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the tip of the tail of the pancreas faces the _____

spleen

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HEAD OF PANCREAS

embraced by the C-shaped curve of the duodenum to the right of the ______ vessels just (inferior or superior?) to the transpyloric plane
firmly attaches to the (medial or lateral?) aspect of descending and _____ parts of the duodenum

Superior mesenteric

inferior

medial;horizontal

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the head of pancreas rests posteriorly on the ____, ___ renal arteries and vein, ___ renal vein

IVC

right

left

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towards the opening into the descending part of the duodenum , the bile duct lies in a groove on the _____ surface of the head or _____

posterosuperior

embedded in its substance

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NECK OF PANCREAS

(short or long?)
__ to___cm
overlies _____ vessels which form a groove in its (anterior or posterior?) aspect

short

1.5-2

Superior mesenteric

posterior

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the Anterior part of the neck that is covered with _____ is adjacent to the _____ of the stomach

peritoneum

pylorus

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the _____ vein joins the ____ vein posterior to the ____ of pancreas to form the hepatic portal vein

superior mesenteric

splenic

neck

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BODY OF PANCREAS
-continues from the neck and lies to the ___ of the Superior mesenteric vessels, passing over the aorta and ___ vertebrae ,contrinuing just (above or below?) the transpyloric plane posterior to the _____

left

above

omental bursa

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the Anterior surface of the body of pancreas is covered with peritoneum and lies in the (roof or floor?) of the OMENTAL bursa

floor

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Body of pancreas forms part of the stomach bed

T/F

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the posterior surface is devoid of peritoneum and is in contact with the ___, ____ , left _____, left ____ and _____ vessels

aorta

SMA

suprarenal gland

kidney and renal

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TAIL OF PANCREAS

-lies (Anterior or posterior?) to the left kidney where it is closely related to splenic _____ and the ____ flexure

hilum

left colic

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DUCTS

has 2 ducts
___ pancreatic duct
_____ pancreatic duct

main

accessory

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main pancreatic duct
-begins in the ____ of the pancreas and runs through the parenchyma of the gland to the pancreatic ____ then turns (Inferiorly or superiorly?) and is closely related to the ____ duct

tail

head

Inferiorly

bile

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Main pancreatic duct United with the bile duct to form the (long or short?) ____ hepatopancreatic ___ of ____

short

dilated

ampulla of vater

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the ampulla of vater opens into the ____ part of the duodenum at the summit of the ____ duodenal papilla

descending

major

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atleast ___% of the time, the duct opens into the duodenum separately from the bile duct

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SPHINCTERS

3 _____ muscle sphincters that control the flow of the bile and pancreatic juice into the ampulla and prevent reflux of the duodenal content into the ampulla
(1) the sphincter of the _____ duct around the ____ part of the pancreatic duct
(2) the sphincter of the ___ duct that is around the _____ of the bile duct
(3) the _____ sphincter of ___ around the __________

smooth

pancreatic ; terminal

bile; termination

hepatopancreatic; oddi

hepatopancreatic ampulla of vater

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The accessory pancreatic duct

-opens into the duodenum at the summit of the _____

minor duodenal papilla

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usually the accessory duct doesn’t communicate with the main duct T/F

in some cases the main duct is smaller than the accessory duct and the two may not be connected T/F

in some cases the main duct is smaller than the accessory duct and the two may not be connected and in such cases , the ____ duct carries most of the pancreatic juice

accessory

ARTERIAL SUPPLY OF PANCREAS - derived mainly from the branches of the markedly _____ —— artery - multiple pancreatic arteries from several arcades pancreatic branches of ____ and _______ arteries

tortuous; splenic gastroduodenal and superior mesenteric

as many as ____ branches may pass from the splenic artery to the ____ and ____ of pancreas

10 body and tail

the Anterior and posterior Superior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, branches of the ____ artery and the Anterior and posterior inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries, branches of the ____ form anteriorly and posteriorly placed arcades that supply the ____ of the pancreas

gastroduodenal SMA head

VENOUS DRAINAGE OF THE PANCREAS - occurs through _____ veins - tributaries of the ____ and _____ parts of the hepatic portal vein - most empty into ____ veiN

pancreatic splenic and superior mesenteric splenic

LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE - they follow the blood vessels - most vessels in the ______ lymph nodes which lie along the splenic artery - some vessels end in the _____ lymph nodes - efferent vessels from these nodes drain to the ______ lymph nodes or to the _____ lymph nodes through the ____ lymph nodes

pancreaticosplenic pyloric Superior mesenteric; coeliac; hepatic

NERVES OF THE PANCREAS - are derived from ____ and __________ nerves passing through the diaphragm - the parasympathetic and sympathetic fibers reach the pancreas by passing along the arteries from the ___ plexus and ______ plexus

vagus and abdominopelvic splanchnic celiac superior mesenteric

Only parasympathetic fibers are distributed to pancreatic acinar cells and islets T/F

F Both parasympathetic and sympathetic

the sympathetic fibers are secretomotor | T/F

F Parasympathetic

pancreatic secretion is primarily mediated by ____ and _____ , hormones formed by the ____ cells of the ____ and proximal intestinal ____ under the stimulus of ____ contents from the stomach

secretin and cholecystokinin epithelial; duodenum Mucosa acid

Pancreas lies in the _____ and ____ regions. -Its left extremity ,the __, lies in the ____ ligament.

epigastric and left hypochondriac tail; lienorenal

Pancreas The pancreas is ____ located in the ___ part of the abdomen

upper Deeply

Pancreas is hidden by many organs T/F

Pancreas is easily accessible for physical examination T/F

F It’s not

The pancreas is “___-shaped or ___ shaped

J retort

Pancreas Length: ____ cm Width: _____ cm. Thickness: _____ cm. Weight: _____g

12–15 3–4 1.5–2 80–90

Pancreas has head with one process, ____ And body with one process , _____

uncinate process tuber OMENTALe

HEAD OF PANCREAS | -___ vertebra.

Uncinate process is a ____-like process from the (upper or lower?) and (left and right?) part of the head. It extends toward the (left or right?) behind the ______, in front of ______

hook lower right left superior mesenteric vessels abdominal aorta

Superior border of head of pancreas is related to: a) ____ part of the ____ b) _________ artery.

first; duodenum superior pancreaticoduodenal

Inferior border of head of pancreas is related to a) _____ part of the _____ - b) ______ artery

third; duodenum inferior pancreaticoduodena

Right lateral border of head of pancreas is related to: a) ______ part of the _______ b) ____ arterial arcades.

second; duodenum anterior and posterior pancreaticoduodenal

Anterior surface of head of pancreas is related from above downward to: a) ____ artery b) ____ colon c) ____ of the _____ d) _______.

gastroduodenal transverse root of the transverse mesocolon jejunum

Upper border of neck of pancreas is related to the ____ part of the _____. -Lower border of neck of pancreas is related to the _____ of the _____

first duodenum root transverse mesocolon.

Anterior border of body of pancreas provides the attachment to the _____ of _____

root of transverse mesocolon.

Superior border of body of pancreas is related to the ____ artery above the ______ , _____ artery to the (right or left?), and _____ artery to the left of _____

coeliac tuber omentale hepatic; right splenic; tuber omentale.

Inferior border of body of pancreas is related to ______ at its right end

superior mesenteric vessels

Inferior surface of body of pancreas covered by peritoneum is related to: (a) _____ flexure, (b) coils of ______, and(c) _______ flexure.

duodenojejunal jejunum left colic

Tail of pancreas is mobile | T/F

_____ of the pancreas contains the largest number of islets of Langerhans per unit of tissue as compared to other parts of the gla

Tail

the major duodenal papilla,_____ cm distal to the pylorus.

8–10

Main pancreatic duct receives tributaries (smaller ducts) throughout its length, at ___ angle to its ___ axis in a “______ pattern.”

right long herringbone

Main pancreatic duct is the only duct in 90% of cases. T/F

minor duodenal papilla is about ____ cm above the opening of main pancreatic duct and _____ cm distal to pylorus

2–3 6–8

main source of blood supply to the pancreas is the ____ artery

splenic

Blood supply of pancreas Two branches of splenic artery are named: One large branch which arises near the ____ and runs toward the _____ is called _______. Another relatively small branch, which runs toward the ____ of the ____, is termed ______

tail neck arteria pancreatica magna tip of the tail arteria caudae pancreatica.

The sympathetic supply of pancreas is ___motor

vaso

Carcinoma of the head of pancreas is (common or rare?) It compresses the bile duct leading to ______. It may press the ____ or may involve the ____ due to close vicinity of these structures to the head of pancreas.

common persistent obstructive jaundice portal vein stomach

Acute pancreatitis - is the acute inflammation of the pancreas. - It occurs due to obstruction of _____, ingestion of ____, ___ infections (mumps), or trauma. - It is serious condition because _____ leak into the substance of pancreas and initiates the ____ of the gland. - Clinically, it presents as very severe pain in the _____ region radiating to the ____, fever, nausea, and vomiting.

pancreatic duct alcohol viral; mumps activated pancreatic enzymes autodigestion epigastric; back

In acute pancreatitis The serum amylase, level is raised 2 times. T/F

F 4 times

Commonest sites of accessory pancreatic tissue is ______

Duodenum