Female Reproductive System Flashcards by Iseoluwa Ojo

The Ovary
-Are two ____ bodies situated one on either side of the _____

_____ in shape
Each weighs from __-___ gm.

nodular

uterus

Ovoid

2 -3.5

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Ovary is _______ color in living subject.

Grayish-pink

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Ovary is __ cm. in length, __ cm. in width, and about ____. in thickness.

8 mm

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Functions of ovary

-responsible for the production of ___ (_____genesis) and release it by a process called ____

ova ; foliculo

ovulation

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Ovary secretes ___ that is responsible for the appearance of secondary sex characteristics like puberty, controls endometrial growth and regulate the menstrual cycle

estrogen

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_____ hormone prepares the uterus for ____ and the mammmary gland for ___

progesterone

pregnancy

lactation

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ovaries in female individuals are analogous to ____ in male individuals in that they are both _____ and ______ glands

testes

gonads and endocrine

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OVARIAN FOSSA

-The ovaries are paired organs that are located near the ____ walls of the pelvic cavity in a region called the ____

lateral

ovarian fossa.

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Theovarian fossais a (shallow or deep?) depression on the lateral wall of thepelvis, wherein the _____lies.

shallow

ovary

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This ovarian fossa has the following boundaries:

Superiorly: by the______
Anteriorly and inferiorly: by the_____ of the ____
Posteriorly: by the _____,______
Inferiorly: by the ___,____,____

external iliac artery andvein

broad ligament of the uterus

ureter; internal iliac artery andvein

obturator nerve,arteryandvein

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OVARY
each ovary presents :
-\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ surface 
-a \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ extremity
-Anterior/\_\_\_\_\_ and a posterior free border

lateral and medial

tubal and an uterine

mesovarion

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____ extremity which is usually narrower than the _____ extremity of the ovary

Uterine

tubal

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The ovaries are not structurally attached to the Fallopian tube
T/F

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usually each ovary takes turns releasing ____ every _____ however,
if there is a case where one ovary is absent or dysfunctional then the other ovary will _____

eggs

month
continue to produce the egg

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LIGAMENTS

(1) Ovarian ligament
- aka ____ ligament or ____ ligament
- attaches the ____ end of the ovary to the ____ surface of the uterus at its _____ angles, immediately posterior to the _____ of the _____

utero-ovarian

proper ovarian

uterine

lateral

superior

opening of the uterine tube

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Ligaments of the ovary

Suspensory ligament of the ovary 
-attaches the \_\_\_\_\_ end of the ovary and ascends to the \_\_\_\_\_\_ opposite direction to the  \_\_\_\_\_\_ to become \_\_\_\_ in the  \_\_\_\_\_ of the pelvis

tubal

body wall

ovarian ligament

Lost

connective tissue

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Microscopic features of the ovary

-The ovarian cortex is the outer region which consists of ______ and _______

ovarian follicles and corpus luteum

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Microscopic features of the ovary

corpus luteum is formed following the ____ of ova from the ___ during ____

release

follicle

ovulation

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ovarian follicles and corpus luteum are involved in the production of hormones (______ and _____ ).

progesterone

estrogen

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The tunica albuginea overlies the cortex
T/F
-

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The ovarian medulla is the ____ which are usually devoid of _____ .

center stroma

follicles

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The ovarian cortex is highly vascular area containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

T/F

The medulla

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The Oocyte requires assistance from other cells to undergo maturation.
T/F

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Ovarian Follicles

-Consequently, each Oocyte and its helper cells are organized into a functional unit called a _____.

Follicle

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``` The cells of ovarian follicle are: * _____ *_____ cells *_____ cells ```

Oocyte Granulosa Theca

Oocyte is ______ female gametocyte or germ cell

an immature

Oocyte - The zona pellucida surrounds the _______ of an oocyte released with the egg - Zona pellucida binds with ______ to initiate the _____ reaction before the male gamete can ______. - zona pellucida then allows zona reaction which leads to ______ of the ZP that blocks _____

plasma membrane spermatozoa acrosomal penetrate modification polyspermy

The zona pellucida or _____ is a _____ membrane

egg coat glycoprotein

Granulosa / _____ cells - are closely associated with the developing ____ - The major functions include the production of ______ as well as ______ which aid the development of the oocyte. - Initially occur as a ____ layer which continue to undergo ____ with an increase in cell number.

follicular oocyte estrogen growth factors single cell mitosis

A _____ filled cavity called _____ is developed within the granulosa cells. It begins as _____ that eventually _____ into a single _____

antrum fluid multiple small spaces coalesce large antrum

Granulosa cells begin to differentiate themselves into : ______ ______ _______

Corona radiata Membrana granulosa Cumulus oophorous

Corona radiata - surrounds the ______. - It stick (loosely or tightly?) to the oocyte - are shed with the oocyte for ____ and also ___ .

zona pellucida Tightly support; mucification

Corona radiate secretes a _____ around the ovum which has been shown to be (necessary or unnecessary ?) for ____

sticky matrix Necessary fertilization

Membrana granulosa | - _____ the _____

borders the antrum.

Cumulus oophorous | -connects the _____ and _____ granulosa cells together.

membrane granulosa and corona radiata

THECA CELLS - (Flat or round ?) epithelial cells covering the surface of the ____ - Consequently, blood circulate through it, bringing _____ and _____ to it and excrete waste and secretory products from the developing follicle.

Flat; ovary nutrients and gonadotropins

Theca cells are thought to be recruited from ______ in the ovary.

surrounding stroma tissue

This function of the theca cells is enabled through the establishment of a ____ system within the theca cells providing communication between the _____ and delivering essential nutrients to the _____.

vascular circulating blood follicle

The theca are differentiated into the theca ____ and the theca ____

interna externa

Theca ____ is predominantly smooth muscle cells Theca ____ is predominantly secretory

externa interna

The theca interna is responsible for the production of ____ which is used by the granulosa cells to produce _____ .

androstenedione estradiol

The theca ____ contains abundant collagen which provides structural support to the growing follicle.

externa

There is evidence that the theca cells_____ during ovulation and atresia.

contracts

Changes in the contractile activity of the theca externa may be involved in atresia but not ovulatory processes. T/F

F Both

Oviducts - The _____ tubes or ____ tubes - are two tubes which extend ____ from the _____ towards the ____ walls of the pelvis, where they _____ and _____ over the ovaries.

Fallopian Uterine posterolaterally; uterus lateral ascend and arch

Uterine tubes are ____ cm long and ___ in diameter.

10 1cm

The uterine tube opens at one end into the ______ near the _____ and at the other end into the ____

peritoneal cavity ovary uterine cavity.

Mesosalpinx is the ___ of the _____

mesentery Fallopian tube

Mesosalpinx is a portion of the ____ which connects with the _____ thus helping to hold the tube in place

broad ligament mesovarium

Site of fertilization of an egg??

Fallopian tube

FUNCTIONS of oviducts | -The _____ produce secretions

mucosal glands

The oviduct Supports the unfertilised oocyte T/F

The uterine tube Supports ____ in the oviduct Increasing the ____ capabilities of the spermatozoa

spermatozoa fertilizing

Fallopian tube helps in Development of the dividing zygote T/F

The uterine tube is divided into regions - ____ - ____ - ______

Infundibulum Ampulla Isthmus

The Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube - is the _____-shaped (medial or lateral?) or (proximal or distal?) end of the uterine tube that is closely related to the ___

funneL lateral distal ovary

The Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube Its margins have ___-____ ——- which help ___ the oocyte and sweep it to the ____.

20 to 30 fimbriae trap ampulla

fimbriae of the uterine tube are ____-like processes that spread over the surface of the ovary

finger

The Ampulla of the Uterine Tube | -The ampulla is the ____ and ____ part of the uterine tube, making up ____ of its length.

widest and longest Over half

fertilization occurs in the _____ part of the uterine tube

Ampulla

The Isthmus of the Uterine Tube | -is the (short or long?) (about ____ cm), (narrow or wide?) and (thin or thick?) -walled (medial or lateral ?) end.

short 2.5 narrow Thick medial

MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES -Tubal mucosa are thrown into _____ which increasing in number toward the ____. -The fallopian tubes lined internally with ______ epithelium which aid ___ movement along the tube

longitudinal folds fimbria simple ciliated (hairs projection) columnar egg

Uterus - aka the ____ - is a (thin or thick?) -walled, ____-shaped muscular organ that projects ____ ( ______ ) over the urinary bladder in _____ women.

womb Thick pear superoanteriorly anteverted non-pregnant

Uterus is not hollow T/F

F | It is

Uterus is bounded posteriorly by the ______.

rectum

Uterus is _____ cm in length ____ cm in breadth ____ cm. in thickness. -It weighs about __ g.

7.5 5 2.5 35

Uterine cavity communicate superiorly one on either side with the _____ open and below with the _____.

uterine tubes vagina

Receptive site for the fertilized egg is the ______

Uterus

The Uterus provides: - ______ protection - ______ support - _____ removal for the developing fetus.

Mechanical Nutritional Waste

Contractions of uterine wall are not necessary for child birth T/F

F | They are

PARTS OF THE UTERUS | -The _____ is the superior part of the body which lies above a plane passing through the points of ____ of the ____

Fundus entrance of the uterine tubes

The ____ of the uterus is the portion above the isthmus.

Body

The _____ of the Uterus is the constricted transitional zone between the ___ and ____

Isthmus body and cervix.

corresponding to the isthmus of the uterus in the interior is a _____ of the uterine cavity, the _____ or ____ of the uterus.

narrowing internal os or orifice

The Cervix is the (higher or lower? , (narrow or wide?) and ____ shaped portion below the ____ and above the ____

lower Narrow cylindrical isthmus vagina

Cervix forms a thick band at it exit called _______ or _____.

external os or orifice

Uterus is lined with _____ epithelium

columnar

the implantation of the fort is normally takes place in the (superior or inferior ?) and (anterior or posterior?) walls of the uterine body in the functional layer of ____

Superior Posterior endometrium

Ligaments of the uterus -The anterior ligament consists of the _____ fold of peritoneum, which reflect from the posterior surface of the ____ to the ___ of the uterus, at the junction of the _____ and ___

vesicouterine bladder front cervix and body.

The posterior ligament of the uterus consists of the ____ fold of peritoneum which is reflected from the _______ of the vagina on to the front of the _____

rectovaginal posterior fornix rectum.

The broad or lateral ligament | *a (narrow or wide?) fold of peritoneum which pass from the ___ of the uterus to the lateral walls of the pelvis

Wide sides

together with the ____ , the broad ligament form a ____ across the female pelvic dividing that cavity into _____ and _____ portions

uterus septum anterior and posterior

The broad ligament may be divided into three subcomponents: - Mesometrium - the mesentery of the ____ - Mesosalpinx - the mesentery of the _____ - Mesovarium - the mesentery of the ___.

uterus Fallopian tube ovaries

Largest portion of the broad ligament of the uterus is ????

Mesometrium

The round ligaments - are two ______ bands of ligament - originates at the ____ and leaves the pelvis via the ____, passes through the ____ and continues on to the _____ where its fibers spread and blend with the tissue of the _____

flattened uterine horns deep inguinal ring inguinal canal labia majora mons pubis.

The round ligaments It is situated between the _____ of the _____ -It is about __ cm in length

Layers broad ligament. 12

____ is the glandular and highly vascular layer of the uterus

The endometrium

The endometrium | -It grows to a (thin or thick?) layer which represents an ______ for the implantation.

thick optimal environment

During pregnancy, the glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number to supply oxygen and nourishment for the developing fetus. T/F

The ___metrium also maintain the patency of the uterine cavity

Endo

The endometrium also maintain the patency of the uterine cavity by preventing adhesions between the _____ of the ______

opposed walls of the myometrium.

The myometrium - consisting mainly of uterine _____ with supporting ____ and ____ tissue. - Its main function is to ______ uterine ____

smooth muscle cells stromal and vascular induce uterine contractions.

perimetrium - (fibrous or serous?) coat of uterus - is the (inner or outer?) (fibrosa or serosa?) layer of the uterus supported by a (thin or thick?) layer of connective tissue

Fibrous Outer serosa Thin

Vagina | -aka _____ is a ______ (elastic or inelastic ?) canal /tubular tract leading from the ___ to the _____.

birth canal fibro-muscular Elastic cervix vulva

Vagina links the reproductive tract to the ____ environment

external

The vagina communicates superiorly with the ___ canal and opens inferiorly into the ____ of the vagina.

cervical vestibule

Functions of VAGINA -The vagina serves as the receptacle for the ____ during sexual intercourse and as the canal through which the ____ passes during ____

penis baby ; labor labor

The Vagina is lined with ______ epithelium.

stratified squamous

At either side of the vaginal opening are the _____ glands, which produce (small or large?) amounts of _____ to keep it wall ____ during periods of sexual excitement

Bartholin's Small lubricating fluid moist

Bartholin's glands aka ______ glands

greater vestibular

Bartholin’s glands are homologous to _____ glands in males

bulbourethral

Labia Majora - are the (inner or outer?) lips of the vulva - they wrap around the vulva from the ___ to the ____. - It is a pad of ___ tissue usually covered with ___ and contain numerous ___ and ——- glands.

outer mons perineum fatty pubic hair sweat and sebaceous

Labia Minora - are the (inner or outer?) lips of the vulva - are (thin or thick?) stretches of tissue within the labia majora.

inner Thin

Labia minora is richly supplied with blood vessels T/F

Rich blood supply to the labia majora gives it a pink color | T/F

F Minora

during sexual stimulation, blood vessels of the labia minora become ____ with blood causing the labia minora to ____ and become more ___ to _____

engorged swell sensitive to stimulation

Clitoris - is a (small or large ?) ___-like structure near the (anterior or posterior?) junction of the ____ - formed by the ____ of the _____ (anteriorly or posteriorly?)

Small button Anterior labia minora Union ; labia minora ; anteriorly

the clitoris is small but _____ zone

most sensitive

Clitoris is (rich or poor?) in nerve endings (about ____)

Rich 8000

Clitoris is homologous to the ____ but ____ in growth( so it’s basically an ____ genital tubercle)

penis redundant undifferentiated

VESTIBULE | -space in the vulva between the ___ into which structures open into

labia minora

Structures opening into the vestibule are: - ____ - ____ - _____ glands - ____ ducts

urethra vagina bartholin’s skene’s

Mons pubis or ____ | -is the pad of fatty tissue that covers the _____ above formed by anterior junction of the _____

Veneris pubic bone labia majora.

rounded eminence where labia majora meets is the ____

Mons pubis

TYPES OF HYMEN - _____ hymen - _____ hymen - _____ hymen - _____ hymen - ______ ——- hymen

imperforate annular septate cribiform parous introitus

Labial adhesion or fused labia -it’s generally a pediatric condition, the membrane starts to dissolve and the labia eventually seperate completely Learn!!!

Done bitch!

BLOOD SUPPLY OF THS FRS | -This is derived mainly from the ______ arteries, which are branches of the ______ arteries

uterine internal iliac

The uterine arteries pass along the ___ of the uterus within the _____ and then turn (medically or laterally?) at the ____ of the uterine tubes, where they give ___ branches which anastomose with the ___ arteries

sides broad ligament Laterally entrance tubal ovarian

Clinical Anatomy -Ovarian cyst (_____ syndrome) occurs when ___-filled sac is localize in the ____, which inhibits the ____and this may cause cycle irregularities. ____ can be done to remove the cyst

polycystic ovary fluid ovary follicular growth Surgery

Ovarian cancer is a (benign or cancerous?) growth arising from the ovary. Symptoms include abdominal ____ , abdominal ___, weight ____, etc. treatments can be ____,_____ etc

cancerous bloating or swelling pains loss surgery, chemotherapy,

Uterine fibroid is a (benign or malignant?) tumor of the ______ of the uterus . Most fibroids cause ____ and ____ menstruation,____ sexual intercourse, urinary frequency and may interfere with ___. Treatments include ___,____, or ____ to ___ and ____ small fibroid areas

Benign myometrium heavy and painful painful pregnancy surgery, medication , or non invasive procedure heat and destroy

Ectopic pregnancy complication in which the embryo implants outside the uterine cavity such as ___,____,______ . Symptoms include ____ vaginal bleeding, nausea and vomiting,___ abdominal pain, dizziness etc. _____ or _____ to _____ the pregnancy should be done

Fallopian tube , cervix, and abdomen. light; lower surgery or medication; terminate

Fallopian tube obstruction is the blocking of the tube which may prevent ____ and ___ passage thus making fertilization impossible. Surgery (____) to fix things

ovum and the sperm tuboplasty

Endometriosis : endometrial tissue grows ___ the womb . May occur as a result of ____ menstruation . Its symptoms include ___ pain, ___ periods discomfort and infertility . _____ and _____ can fix this shit

outside retrograde pelvic painful Surgery and medication

In retrograde menstruation , menstrual blood flows back through the _____ into the ____ which stick to _____ and ____ and continue to grow and ____

Fallopian tubes pelvic cavity pelvic wall and organs thicken

Before the onset of ovulation the surfaces of the ovary are _____, but after puberty they become ___

smooth nodular

The ovarian pain is referred in the _____ region being supplied by ___ spinal segment. The intractable ovarian pain can be alleviated by transecting the ____ ligament, which contain the afferent (general visceral afferent) fibres.

umbilical T10 suspensory

ascites presents with shifting dullness. T/F Ovarian cyst presents with shifting dullness. T/F

T | F

Congenital absence of one or both ovaries is found in Turner’s syndrome(aka _____ ____) T/F

T Ovarian dysgensis

Fimbriae of uterine tube pierces the posterior layer of the broad ligament. T/F

Lumen of the uterus Narrow or wide ?

Narrow

The junction between the body and cervix of uterus is marked by a ____ constriction called isthmus.

circular

point of fusion between the uterine tube and body is called ____ of the uterus.

cornu

The fundus is convex on ___ sides and covered by the ____.

all peritoneum

Covered or not by peritoneum Anterior surface of uterus Posterior surface of uterus Right side Left side

Yes Yes No No

the round ligament of the uterus is attached _____ to the tube and the ligament of the ovary is attached ______ to the tube

anteroinferior posteroinferior

most important ligaments of the uterus is ________ and hence often called _____ ligaments.

Transverse cervical ligaments cardinal

Transverse Cervical Ligaments extends from the ____ aspect of ____ and ______ to the ______

lateral cervix and upper vaginal wall lateral pelvic wall

Uterosacral Ligaments extend from the ___ to the ________, and pass on each side of the ____

cervix second and third sacral vertebrae rectum

The axis of the vagina corresponds with the axis of the pelvic outlet. T/F

corpus spongiosum in the body of clitoris | T/F

corpus spongiosum in female is represented by ____ of the ____ and ___ of ___

bulbs of the vestibule glans of clitoris.

Least movable part of the uterus

The cervix

Most common cancer in the female

Cervical cancer

Vas deferens in female is ???

Gartner’s duct