Female Reproductive System Flashcards
The Ovary
-Are two ____ bodies situated one on either side of the _____
- _____ in shape
- Each weighs from __-___ gm.
nodular
uterus
Ovoid
2 -3.5
Ovary is _______ color in living subject.
Grayish-pink
Ovary is __ cm. in length, __ cm. in width, and about ____. in thickness.
4
2
8 mm
Functions of ovary
-responsible for the production of ___ (_____genesis) and release it by a process called ____
ova ; foliculo
ovulation
Ovary secretes ___ that is responsible for the appearance of secondary sex characteristics like puberty, controls endometrial growth and regulate the menstrual cycle
estrogen
_____ hormone prepares the uterus for ____ and the mammmary gland for ___
progesterone
pregnancy
lactation
ovaries in female individuals are analogous to ____ in male individuals in that they are both _____ and ______ glands
testes
gonads and endocrine
OVARIAN FOSSA
-The ovaries are paired organs that are located near the ____ walls of the pelvic cavity in a region called the ____
lateral
ovarian fossa.
Theovarian fossais a (shallow or deep?) depression on the lateral wall of thepelvis, wherein the _____lies.
shallow
ovary
This ovarian fossa has the following boundaries:
- Superiorly: by the______
- Anteriorly and inferiorly: by the_____ of the ____
- Posteriorly: by the _____,______
- Inferiorly: by the ___,____,____
external iliac artery andvein
broad ligament of the uterus
ureter; internal iliac artery andvein
obturator nerve,arteryandvein
OVARY each ovary presents : -\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ surface -a \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ extremity -Anterior/\_\_\_\_\_ and a posterior free border
lateral and medial
tubal and an uterine
mesovarion
____ extremity which is usually narrower than the _____ extremity of the ovary
Uterine
tubal
The ovaries are not structurally attached to the Fallopian tube
T/F
T
usually each ovary takes turns releasing ____ every _____ however,
if there is a case where one ovary is absent or dysfunctional then the other ovary will _____
eggs
month
continue to produce the egg
LIGAMENTS
(1) Ovarian ligament
- aka ____ ligament or ____ ligament
- attaches the ____ end of the ovary to the ____ surface of the uterus at its _____ angles, immediately posterior to the _____ of the _____
utero-ovarian
proper ovarian
uterine
lateral
superior
opening of the uterine tube
Ligaments of the ovary
Suspensory ligament of the ovary -attaches the \_\_\_\_\_ end of the ovary and ascends to the \_\_\_\_\_\_ opposite direction to the \_\_\_\_\_\_ to become \_\_\_\_ in the \_\_\_\_\_ of the pelvis
tubal
body wall
ovarian ligament
Lost
connective tissue
Microscopic features of the ovary
-The ovarian cortex is the outer region which consists of ______ and _______
ovarian follicles and corpus luteum
Microscopic features of the ovary
corpus luteum is formed following the ____ of ova from the ___ during ____
release
follicle
ovulation
ovarian follicles and corpus luteum are involved in the production of hormones (______ and _____ ).
progesterone
estrogen
The tunica albuginea overlies the cortex
T/F
-
T
The ovarian medulla is the ____ which are usually devoid of _____ .
center stroma
follicles
The ovarian cortex is highly vascular area containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves
T/F
F
The medulla
The Oocyte requires assistance from other cells to undergo maturation.
T/F
T
Ovarian Follicles
-Consequently, each Oocyte and its helper cells are organized into a functional unit called a _____.
Follicle
The cells of ovarian follicle are: * \_\_\_\_\_ *\_\_\_\_\_ cells *\_\_\_\_\_ cells
Oocyte
Granulosa
Theca
Oocyte is ______ female gametocyte or germ cell
an immature
Oocyte
- The zona pellucida surrounds the _______ of an oocyte released with the egg
- Zona pellucida binds with ______ to initiate the _____ reaction before the male gamete can ______.
- zona pellucida then allows zona reaction which leads to ______ of the ZP that blocks _____
plasma membrane
spermatozoa
acrosomal
penetrate
modification
polyspermy
The zona pellucida or _____ is a _____ membrane
egg coat
glycoprotein
Granulosa / _____ cells
- are closely associated with the developing ____
- The major functions include the production of ______ as well as ______ which aid the development of the oocyte.
- Initially occur as a ____ layer which continue to undergo ____ with an increase in cell number.
follicular
oocyte
estrogen
growth factors
single cell
mitosis
A _____ filled cavity called _____ is developed within the granulosa cells.
It begins as _____ that eventually _____ into a single _____
antrum
fluid
multiple small spaces
coalesce
large antrum
Granulosa cells begin to differentiate themselves into :
______
______
_______
Corona radiata
Membrana granulosa
Cumulus oophorous
Corona radiata
- surrounds the ______.
- It stick (loosely or tightly?) to the oocyte
- are shed with the oocyte for ____ and also ___ .
zona pellucida
Tightly
support; mucification
Corona radiate secretes a _____ around the ovum which has been shown to be (necessary or unnecessary ?) for ____
sticky matrix
Necessary
fertilization
Membrana granulosa
- _____ the _____
borders the antrum.
Cumulus oophorous
-connects the _____ and _____ granulosa cells together.
membrane granulosa and corona radiata
THECA CELLS
- (Flat or round ?) epithelial cells covering the surface of the ____
- Consequently, blood circulate through it, bringing _____ and _____ to it and excrete waste and secretory products from the developing follicle.
Flat; ovary
nutrients and gonadotropins
Theca cells are thought to be recruited from ______ in the ovary.
surrounding stroma tissue
This function of the theca cells is enabled through the establishment of a ____ system within the theca cells providing communication between the _____ and delivering essential nutrients to the _____.
vascular
circulating blood
follicle
The theca are differentiated into the theca ____ and the theca ____
interna
externa
Theca ____ is predominantly smooth muscle cells
Theca ____ is predominantly secretory
externa
interna
The theca interna is responsible for the production of ____ which is used by the granulosa cells to produce _____ .
androstenedione
estradiol
The theca ____ contains abundant collagen which provides structural support to the growing follicle.
externa
There is evidence that the theca cells_____ during ovulation and atresia.
contracts
Changes in the contractile activity of the theca externa may be involved in atresia but not ovulatory processes.
T/F
F
Both
Oviducts
- The _____ tubes or ____ tubes
- are two tubes which extend ____ from the _____ towards the ____ walls of the pelvis, where they _____ and _____ over the ovaries.
Fallopian
Uterine
posterolaterally; uterus
lateral
ascend and arch
Uterine tubes are ____ cm long and ___ in diameter.
10
1cm
The uterine tube opens at one end into the ______ near the _____ and at the other end into the ____
peritoneal cavity
ovary
uterine cavity.
Mesosalpinx is the ___ of the _____
mesentery
Fallopian tube
Mesosalpinx is a portion of the ____ which connects with the _____ thus helping to hold the tube in place
broad ligament
mesovarium
Site of fertilization of an egg??
Fallopian tube
FUNCTIONS of oviducts
-The _____ produce secretions
mucosal glands
The oviduct Supports the unfertilised oocyte
T/F
T
The uterine tube Supports ____ in the oviduct Increasing the ____ capabilities of the spermatozoa
spermatozoa
fertilizing
Fallopian tube helps in Development of the dividing zygote
T/F
T
The uterine tube is divided into regions
- ____
- ____
- ______
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
The Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube
- is the _____-shaped (medial or lateral?) or (proximal or distal?) end of the uterine tube that is closely related to the ___
funneL
lateral
distal
ovary
The Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube
Its margins have ___-____ ——- which help ___ the oocyte and sweep it to the ____.
20 to 30 fimbriae
trap
ampulla
fimbriae of the uterine tube are ____-like processes that spread over the surface of the ovary
finger