Female Reproductive System Flashcards
The Ovary
-Are two ____ bodies situated one on either side of the _____
- _____ in shape
- Each weighs from __-___ gm.
nodular
uterus
Ovoid
2 -3.5
Ovary is _______ color in living subject.
Grayish-pink
Ovary is __ cm. in length, __ cm. in width, and about ____. in thickness.
4
2
8 mm
Functions of ovary
-responsible for the production of ___ (_____genesis) and release it by a process called ____
ova ; foliculo
ovulation
Ovary secretes ___ that is responsible for the appearance of secondary sex characteristics like puberty, controls endometrial growth and regulate the menstrual cycle
estrogen
_____ hormone prepares the uterus for ____ and the mammmary gland for ___
progesterone
pregnancy
lactation
ovaries in female individuals are analogous to ____ in male individuals in that they are both _____ and ______ glands
testes
gonads and endocrine
OVARIAN FOSSA
-The ovaries are paired organs that are located near the ____ walls of the pelvic cavity in a region called the ____
lateral
ovarian fossa.
Theovarian fossais a (shallow or deep?) depression on the lateral wall of thepelvis, wherein the _____lies.
shallow
ovary
This ovarian fossa has the following boundaries:
- Superiorly: by the______
- Anteriorly and inferiorly: by the_____ of the ____
- Posteriorly: by the _____,______
- Inferiorly: by the ___,____,____
external iliac artery andvein
broad ligament of the uterus
ureter; internal iliac artery andvein
obturator nerve,arteryandvein
OVARY each ovary presents : -\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ surface -a \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ extremity -Anterior/\_\_\_\_\_ and a posterior free border
lateral and medial
tubal and an uterine
mesovarion
____ extremity which is usually narrower than the _____ extremity of the ovary
Uterine
tubal
The ovaries are not structurally attached to the Fallopian tube
T/F
T
usually each ovary takes turns releasing ____ every _____ however,
if there is a case where one ovary is absent or dysfunctional then the other ovary will _____
eggs
month
continue to produce the egg
LIGAMENTS
(1) Ovarian ligament
- aka ____ ligament or ____ ligament
- attaches the ____ end of the ovary to the ____ surface of the uterus at its _____ angles, immediately posterior to the _____ of the _____
utero-ovarian
proper ovarian
uterine
lateral
superior
opening of the uterine tube
Ligaments of the ovary
Suspensory ligament of the ovary -attaches the \_\_\_\_\_ end of the ovary and ascends to the \_\_\_\_\_\_ opposite direction to the \_\_\_\_\_\_ to become \_\_\_\_ in the \_\_\_\_\_ of the pelvis
tubal
body wall
ovarian ligament
Lost
connective tissue
Microscopic features of the ovary
-The ovarian cortex is the outer region which consists of ______ and _______
ovarian follicles and corpus luteum
Microscopic features of the ovary
corpus luteum is formed following the ____ of ova from the ___ during ____
release
follicle
ovulation
ovarian follicles and corpus luteum are involved in the production of hormones (______ and _____ ).
progesterone
estrogen
The tunica albuginea overlies the cortex
T/F
-
T
The ovarian medulla is the ____ which are usually devoid of _____ .
center stroma
follicles
The ovarian cortex is highly vascular area containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves
T/F
F
The medulla
The Oocyte requires assistance from other cells to undergo maturation.
T/F
T
Ovarian Follicles
-Consequently, each Oocyte and its helper cells are organized into a functional unit called a _____.
Follicle
The cells of ovarian follicle are: * \_\_\_\_\_ *\_\_\_\_\_ cells *\_\_\_\_\_ cells
Oocyte
Granulosa
Theca
Oocyte is ______ female gametocyte or germ cell
an immature
Oocyte
- The zona pellucida surrounds the _______ of an oocyte released with the egg
- Zona pellucida binds with ______ to initiate the _____ reaction before the male gamete can ______.
- zona pellucida then allows zona reaction which leads to ______ of the ZP that blocks _____
plasma membrane
spermatozoa
acrosomal
penetrate
modification
polyspermy
The zona pellucida or _____ is a _____ membrane
egg coat
glycoprotein
Granulosa / _____ cells
- are closely associated with the developing ____
- The major functions include the production of ______ as well as ______ which aid the development of the oocyte.
- Initially occur as a ____ layer which continue to undergo ____ with an increase in cell number.
follicular
oocyte
estrogen
growth factors
single cell
mitosis
A _____ filled cavity called _____ is developed within the granulosa cells.
It begins as _____ that eventually _____ into a single _____
antrum
fluid
multiple small spaces
coalesce
large antrum
Granulosa cells begin to differentiate themselves into :
______
______
_______
Corona radiata
Membrana granulosa
Cumulus oophorous
Corona radiata
- surrounds the ______.
- It stick (loosely or tightly?) to the oocyte
- are shed with the oocyte for ____ and also ___ .
zona pellucida
Tightly
support; mucification
Corona radiate secretes a _____ around the ovum which has been shown to be (necessary or unnecessary ?) for ____
sticky matrix
Necessary
fertilization
Membrana granulosa
- _____ the _____
borders the antrum.
Cumulus oophorous
-connects the _____ and _____ granulosa cells together.
membrane granulosa and corona radiata
THECA CELLS
- (Flat or round ?) epithelial cells covering the surface of the ____
- Consequently, blood circulate through it, bringing _____ and _____ to it and excrete waste and secretory products from the developing follicle.
Flat; ovary
nutrients and gonadotropins
Theca cells are thought to be recruited from ______ in the ovary.
surrounding stroma tissue
This function of the theca cells is enabled through the establishment of a ____ system within the theca cells providing communication between the _____ and delivering essential nutrients to the _____.
vascular
circulating blood
follicle
The theca are differentiated into the theca ____ and the theca ____
interna
externa
Theca ____ is predominantly smooth muscle cells
Theca ____ is predominantly secretory
externa
interna
The theca interna is responsible for the production of ____ which is used by the granulosa cells to produce _____ .
androstenedione
estradiol
The theca ____ contains abundant collagen which provides structural support to the growing follicle.
externa
There is evidence that the theca cells_____ during ovulation and atresia.
contracts
Changes in the contractile activity of the theca externa may be involved in atresia but not ovulatory processes.
T/F
F
Both
Oviducts
- The _____ tubes or ____ tubes
- are two tubes which extend ____ from the _____ towards the ____ walls of the pelvis, where they _____ and _____ over the ovaries.
Fallopian
Uterine
posterolaterally; uterus
lateral
ascend and arch
Uterine tubes are ____ cm long and ___ in diameter.
10
1cm
The uterine tube opens at one end into the ______ near the _____ and at the other end into the ____
peritoneal cavity
ovary
uterine cavity.
Mesosalpinx is the ___ of the _____
mesentery
Fallopian tube
Mesosalpinx is a portion of the ____ which connects with the _____ thus helping to hold the tube in place
broad ligament
mesovarium
Site of fertilization of an egg??
Fallopian tube
FUNCTIONS of oviducts
-The _____ produce secretions
mucosal glands
The oviduct Supports the unfertilised oocyte
T/F
T
The uterine tube Supports ____ in the oviduct Increasing the ____ capabilities of the spermatozoa
spermatozoa
fertilizing
Fallopian tube helps in Development of the dividing zygote
T/F
T
The uterine tube is divided into regions
- ____
- ____
- ______
Infundibulum
Ampulla
Isthmus
The Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube
- is the _____-shaped (medial or lateral?) or (proximal or distal?) end of the uterine tube that is closely related to the ___
funneL
lateral
distal
ovary
The Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube
Its margins have ___-____ ——- which help ___ the oocyte and sweep it to the ____.
20 to 30 fimbriae
trap
ampulla
fimbriae of the uterine tube are ____-like processes that spread over the surface of the ovary
finger
The Ampulla of the Uterine Tube
-The ampulla is the ____ and ____ part of the uterine tube, making up ____ of its length.
widest and longest
Over half
fertilization occurs in the _____ part of the uterine tube
Ampulla
The Isthmus of the Uterine Tube
-is the (short or long?) (about ____ cm), (narrow or wide?) and (thin or thick?) -walled (medial or lateral ?) end.
short
2.5
narrow
Thick
medial
MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES
-Tubal mucosa are thrown into _____ which increasing in number toward the ____.
-The fallopian tubes lined internally with ______ epithelium which aid ___ movement along the tube
longitudinal folds
fimbria
simple ciliated (hairs projection) columnar
egg
Uterus
- aka the ____
- is a (thin or thick?) -walled, ____-shaped muscular organ that projects ____ ( ______ ) over the urinary bladder in _____ women.
womb
Thick
pear
superoanteriorly
anteverted
non-pregnant
Uterus is not hollow
T/F
F
It is
Uterus is bounded posteriorly by the ______.
rectum
Uterus is
_____ cm in length
____ cm in breadth
____ cm. in thickness.
-It weighs about __ g.
7.5
5
2.5
35
Uterine cavity communicate superiorly one on either side with the _____ open and below with the _____.
uterine tubes
vagina
Receptive site for the fertilized egg is the ______
Uterus
The Uterus provides:
- ______ protection
- ______ support
- _____ removal for the developing fetus.
Mechanical
Nutritional
Waste
Contractions of uterine wall are not necessary for child birth
T/F
F
They are
PARTS OF THE UTERUS
-The _____ is the superior part of the body which lies above a plane passing through the points of ____ of the ____
Fundus
entrance of the uterine tubes
The ____ of the uterus is the portion above the isthmus.
Body
The _____ of the Uterus is the constricted transitional zone between the ___ and ____
Isthmus
body and cervix.
corresponding to the isthmus of the uterus in the interior is a _____ of the uterine cavity, the _____ or ____ of the uterus.
narrowing
internal os or orifice
The Cervix is the (higher or lower? , (narrow or wide?) and ____ shaped portion below the ____ and above the ____
lower
Narrow
cylindrical
isthmus
vagina
Cervix forms a thick band at it exit called _______ or _____.
external os or orifice
Uterus is lined with _____ epithelium
columnar
the implantation of the fort is normally takes place in the (superior or inferior ?) and (anterior or posterior?) walls of the uterine body in the functional layer of ____
Superior
Posterior
endometrium
Ligaments of the uterus
-The anterior ligament
consists of the _____ fold of peritoneum, which reflect from the posterior surface of the ____ to the ___ of the uterus, at the junction of the _____ and ___
vesicouterine
bladder
front
cervix and body.
The posterior ligament of the uterus consists of the ____ fold of peritoneum which is reflected from the _______ of the vagina on to the front of the _____
rectovaginal
posterior fornix
rectum.
The broad or lateral ligament
*a (narrow or wide?) fold of peritoneum which pass from the ___ of the uterus to the lateral walls of the pelvis
Wide
sides
together with the ____ , the broad ligament form a ____ across the female pelvic dividing that cavity into _____ and _____ portions
uterus
septum
anterior and posterior
The broad ligament may be divided into three subcomponents:
- Mesometrium - the mesentery of the ____
- Mesosalpinx - the mesentery of the _____
- Mesovarium - the mesentery of the ___.
uterus
Fallopian tube
ovaries
Largest portion of the broad ligament of the uterus is ????
Mesometrium
The round ligaments
- are two ______ bands of ligament
- originates at the ____ and leaves the pelvis via the ____, passes through the ____ and continues on to the _____ where its fibers spread and blend with the tissue of the _____
flattened
uterine horns
deep inguinal ring
inguinal canal
labia majora
mons pubis.
The round ligaments
It is situated between the _____ of the _____
-It is about __ cm in length
Layers
broad ligament.
12
____ is the glandular and highly vascular layer of the uterus
The endometrium
The endometrium
-It grows to a (thin or thick?) layer which represents an ______ for the implantation.
thick
optimal environment
During pregnancy, the glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number to supply oxygen and nourishment for the developing fetus.
T/F
T
The ___metrium also maintain the patency of the uterine cavity
Endo
The endometrium also maintain the patency of the uterine cavity by preventing adhesions between the _____ of the ______
opposed walls of the myometrium.
The myometrium
- consisting mainly of uterine _____ with supporting ____ and ____ tissue.
- Its main function is to ______ uterine ____
smooth muscle cells
stromal and vascular
induce uterine contractions.
perimetrium
- (fibrous or serous?) coat of uterus
- is the (inner or outer?) (fibrosa or serosa?) layer of the uterus supported by a (thin or thick?) layer of connective tissue
Fibrous
Outer
serosa
Thin
Vagina
-aka _____ is a ______ (elastic or inelastic ?) canal /tubular tract leading from the ___ to the _____.
birth canal
fibro-muscular
Elastic
cervix
vulva
Vagina links the reproductive tract to the ____ environment
external
The vagina communicates superiorly with the ___ canal and opens inferiorly into the ____ of the vagina.
cervical
vestibule
Functions of VAGINA
-The vagina serves as the receptacle for the ____ during sexual intercourse and as the canal through which the ____ passes during ____
penis
baby ; labor
labor
The Vagina is lined with ______ epithelium.
stratified squamous
At either side of the vaginal opening are the _____ glands, which produce (small or large?) amounts of _____ to keep it wall ____ during periods of sexual excitement
Bartholin’s
Small
lubricating fluid
moist
Bartholin’s glands aka ______ glands
greater vestibular
Bartholin’s glands are homologous to _____ glands in males
bulbourethral
Labia Majora
- are the (inner or outer?) lips of the vulva
- they wrap around the vulva from the ___ to the ____.
- It is a pad of ___ tissue usually covered with ___ and contain numerous ___ and ——- glands.
outer
mons
perineum
fatty
pubic hair
sweat and sebaceous
Labia Minora
- are the (inner or outer?) lips of the vulva
- are (thin or thick?) stretches of tissue within the labia majora.
inner
Thin
Labia minora is richly supplied with blood vessels
T/F
T
Rich blood supply to the labia majora gives it a pink color
T/F
F
Minora
during sexual stimulation, blood vessels of the labia minora become ____ with blood causing the labia minora to ____ and become more ___ to _____
engorged
swell
sensitive to stimulation
Clitoris
- is a (small or large ?) ___-like structure near the (anterior or posterior?) junction of the ____
- formed by the ____ of the _____ (anteriorly or posteriorly?)
Small
button
Anterior
labia minora
Union ; labia minora ; anteriorly
the clitoris is small but _____ zone
most sensitive
Clitoris is (rich or poor?) in nerve endings (about ____)
Rich
8000
Clitoris is homologous to the ____ but ____ in growth( so it’s basically an ____ genital tubercle)
penis
redundant
undifferentiated
VESTIBULE
-space in the vulva between the ___ into which structures open into
labia minora
Structures opening into the vestibule are:
- ____
- ____
- _____ glands
- ____ ducts
urethra
vagina
bartholin’s
skene’s
Mons pubis or ____
-is the pad of fatty tissue that covers the _____ above formed by anterior junction of the _____
Veneris
pubic bone
labia majora.
rounded eminence where labia majora meets is the ____
Mons pubis
TYPES OF HYMEN
- _____ hymen
- _____ hymen
- _____ hymen
- _____ hymen
- ______ ——- hymen
imperforate
annular
septate
cribiform
parous introitus
Labial adhesion or fused labia
-it’s generally a pediatric condition, the membrane starts to dissolve and the labia eventually seperate completely
Learn!!!
Done bitch!
BLOOD SUPPLY OF THS FRS
-This is derived mainly from the ______ arteries, which are branches of the ______ arteries
uterine
internal iliac
The uterine arteries pass along the ___ of the uterus within the _____ and then turn (medically or laterally?) at the ____ of the uterine tubes, where they give ___ branches which anastomose with the ___ arteries
sides
broad ligament
Laterally
entrance
tubal
ovarian
Clinical Anatomy
-Ovarian cyst (_____ syndrome) occurs when ___-filled sac is localize in the ____, which inhibits the ____and this may cause cycle irregularities. ____ can be done to remove the cyst
polycystic ovary
fluid
ovary
follicular growth
Surgery
Ovarian cancer is a (benign or cancerous?) growth arising from the ovary. Symptoms include abdominal ____ , abdominal ___, weight ____, etc. treatments can be ____,_____ etc
cancerous
bloating or swelling
pains
loss
surgery, chemotherapy,
Uterine fibroid is a (benign or malignant?) tumor of the ______ of the uterus .
Most fibroids cause ____ and ____ menstruation,____ sexual intercourse, urinary frequency and may interfere with ___. Treatments include ___,____, or ____ to ___ and ____ small fibroid areas
Benign
myometrium
heavy and painful
painful
pregnancy
surgery, medication , or non invasive procedure
heat and destroy
Ectopic pregnancy complication in which the embryo implants outside theuterine cavity such as ___,____,______ .
Symptoms include ____ vaginal bleeding, nausea and vomiting,___ abdominal pain, dizziness etc.
_____ or _____ to _____ the pregnancy should be done
Fallopian tube, cervix, andabdomen.
light; lower
surgery or medication; terminate
Fallopian tube obstruction is the blocking of the tube which may prevent ____ and ___ passage thus making fertilization impossible.
Surgery (____) to fix things
ovum and the sperm
tuboplasty
Endometriosis : endometrial tissue grows ___ the womb .
May occur as a result of ____ menstruation
. Its symptoms include ___ pain, ___ periods discomfort and infertility .
_____ and _____ can fix this shit
outside
retrograde
pelvic
painful
Surgery and medication
In retrograde menstruation , menstrual blood flows back through the _____ into the ____ which stick to _____ and ____ and continue to grow and ____
Fallopian tubes
pelvic cavity
pelvic wall and organs
thicken
Before the onset of ovulation the surfaces of the ovary are _____, but after puberty they become ___
smooth
nodular
The ovarian pain is referred in the _____ region being supplied by ___ spinal segment.
The intractable ovarian pain can be alleviated by transecting the ____ ligament, which contain the afferent (general visceral afferent) fibres.
umbilical
T10
suspensory
ascites presents with shifting dullness.
T/F
Ovarian cyst presents with shifting dullness.
T/F
T
F
Congenital absence of one or both ovaries is found in Turner’s syndrome(aka _____ ____)
T/F
T
Ovarian dysgensis
Fimbriae of uterine tube pierces the posterior layer of the broad ligament.
T/F
T
Lumen of the uterus
Narrow or wide ?
Narrow
The junction between the body and cervix of uterus is marked by a ____ constriction called isthmus.
circular
point of fusion between the uterine tube and body is called ____ of the uterus.
cornu
The fundus is convex on ___ sides and covered by the ____.
all
peritoneum
Covered or not by peritoneum
Anterior surface of uterus
Posterior surface of uterus
Right side
Left side
Yes
Yes
No
No
the round ligament of the uterus is attached _____ to the tube and the ligament of the ovary is attached ______ to the tube
anteroinferior
posteroinferior
most important ligaments of the uterus is ________ and hence often called _____ ligaments.
Transverse cervical ligaments
cardinal
Transverse Cervical Ligaments extends from the ____ aspect of ____ and ______ to the ______
lateral
cervix and upper vaginal wall
lateral pelvic wall
Uterosacral Ligaments
extend from the ___ to the ________, and pass on each side of the ____
cervix
second and third sacral vertebrae
rectum
The axis of the vagina corresponds with the axis of the pelvic outlet.
T/F
T
corpus spongiosum in the body of clitoris
T/F
F
corpus spongiosum in female is represented by ____ of the ____ and ___ of ___
bulbs of the vestibule
glans of clitoris.
Least movable part of the uterus
The cervix
Most common cancer in the female
Cervical cancer
Vas deferens in female is ???
Gartner’s duct
