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ANA 204 > Female Reproductive System > Flashcards

Female Reproductive System Flashcards

1
Q

The Ovary
-Are two ____ bodies situated one on either side of the _____

  • _____ in shape
  • Each weighs from __-___ gm.
A

nodular

uterus

Ovoid

2 -3.5

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2
Q

Ovary is _______ color in living subject.

A

Grayish-pink

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3
Q

Ovary is __ cm. in length, __ cm. in width, and about ____. in thickness.

A

4

2

8 mm

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4
Q

Functions of ovary

-responsible for the production of ___ (_____genesis) and release it by a process called ____

A

ova ; foliculo

ovulation

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5
Q

Ovary secretes ___ that is responsible for the appearance of secondary sex characteristics like puberty, controls endometrial growth and regulate the menstrual cycle

A

estrogen

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6
Q

_____ hormone prepares the uterus for ____ and the mammmary gland for ___

A

progesterone

pregnancy

lactation

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7
Q

ovaries in female individuals are analogous to ____ in male individuals in that they are both _____ and ______ glands

A

testes

gonads and endocrine

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8
Q

OVARIAN FOSSA

-The ovaries are paired organs that are located near the ____ walls of the pelvic cavity in a region called the ____

A

lateral

ovarian fossa.

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9
Q

Theovarian fossais a (shallow or deep?) depression on the lateral wall of thepelvis, wherein the _____lies.

A

shallow

ovary

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10
Q

This ovarian fossa has the following boundaries:

  • Superiorly: by the______
  • Anteriorly and inferiorly: by the_____ of the ____
  • Posteriorly: by the _____,______
  • Inferiorly: by the ___,____,____
A

external iliac artery andvein

broad ligament of the uterus

ureter; internal iliac artery andvein

obturator nerve,arteryandvein

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11
Q 
OVARY
each ovary presents :
-\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_ surface 
-a \_\_\_\_ and \_\_\_\_\_ extremity
-Anterior/\_\_\_\_\_ and a posterior free border
A

lateral and medial

tubal and an uterine

mesovarion

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12
Q

____ extremity which is usually narrower than the _____ extremity of the ovary

A

Uterine

tubal

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13
Q

The ovaries are not structurally attached to the Fallopian tube
T/F

A

T

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14
Q

usually each ovary takes turns releasing ____ every _____ however,
if there is a case where one ovary is absent or dysfunctional then the other ovary will _____

A

eggs

month
continue to produce the egg

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15
Q

LIGAMENTS

(1) Ovarian ligament
- aka ____ ligament or ____ ligament
- attaches the ____ end of the ovary to the ____ surface of the uterus at its _____ angles, immediately posterior to the _____ of the _____

A

utero-ovarian

proper ovarian

uterine

lateral

superior

opening of the uterine tube

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16
Q

Ligaments of the ovary

Suspensory ligament of the ovary 
-attaches the \_\_\_\_\_ end of the ovary and ascends to the \_\_\_\_\_\_ opposite direction to the  \_\_\_\_\_\_ to become \_\_\_\_ in the  \_\_\_\_\_ of the pelvis
A

tubal

body wall

ovarian ligament

Lost

connective tissue

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17
Q

Microscopic features of the ovary

-The ovarian cortex is the outer region which consists of ______ and _______

A

ovarian follicles and corpus luteum

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18
Q

Microscopic features of the ovary

corpus luteum is formed following the ____ of ova from the ___ during ____

A

release

follicle

ovulation

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19
Q

ovarian follicles and corpus luteum are involved in the production of hormones (______ and _____ ).

A

progesterone

estrogen

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20
Q

The tunica albuginea overlies the cortex
T/F
-

A

T

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21
Q

The ovarian medulla is the ____ which are usually devoid of _____ .

A

center stroma

follicles

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22
Q

The ovarian cortex is highly vascular area containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves

T/F

A

F

The medulla

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23
Q

The Oocyte requires assistance from other cells to undergo maturation.
T/F

A

T

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24
Q

Ovarian Follicles

-Consequently, each Oocyte and its helper cells are organized into a functional unit called a _____.

A

Follicle

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25
Q 
The cells of ovarian follicle are:

* \_\_\_\_\_ 
*\_\_\_\_\_ cells
*\_\_\_\_\_ cells
A

Oocyte

Granulosa

Theca

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26
Q

Oocyte is ______ female gametocyte or germ cell

A

an immature

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27
Q

Oocyte

  • The zona pellucida surrounds the _______ of an oocyte released with the egg
  • Zona pellucida binds with ______ to initiate the _____ reaction before the male gamete can ______.
  • zona pellucida then allows zona reaction which leads to ______ of the ZP that blocks _____
A

plasma membrane

spermatozoa

acrosomal

penetrate

modification

polyspermy

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28
Q

The zona pellucida or _____ is a _____ membrane

A

egg coat

glycoprotein

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29
Q

Granulosa / _____ cells

  • are closely associated with the developing ____
  • The major functions include the production of ______ as well as ______ which aid the development of the oocyte.
  • Initially occur as a ____ layer which continue to undergo ____ with an increase in cell number.
A

follicular

oocyte

estrogen

growth factors

single cell

mitosis

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30
Q

A _____ filled cavity called _____ is developed within the granulosa cells.

It begins as _____ that eventually _____ into a single _____

A

antrum

fluid

multiple small spaces

coalesce

large antrum

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31
Q

Granulosa cells begin to differentiate themselves into :

______
______
_______

A

Corona radiata

Membrana granulosa

Cumulus oophorous

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32
Q

Corona radiata

  • surrounds the ______.
  • It stick (loosely or tightly?) to the oocyte
  • are shed with the oocyte for ____ and also ___ .
A

zona pellucida

Tightly

support; mucification

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33
Q

Corona radiate secretes a _____ around the ovum which has been shown to be (necessary or unnecessary ?) for ____

A

sticky matrix

Necessary

fertilization

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34
Q

Membrana granulosa

- _____ the _____

A

borders the antrum.

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35
Q

Cumulus oophorous

-connects the _____ and _____ granulosa cells together.

A

membrane granulosa and corona radiata

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36
Q

THECA CELLS

  • (Flat or round ?) epithelial cells covering the surface of the ____
  • Consequently, blood circulate through it, bringing _____ and _____ to it and excrete waste and secretory products from the developing follicle.
A

Flat; ovary

nutrients and gonadotropins

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37
Q

Theca cells are thought to be recruited from ______ in the ovary.

A

surrounding stroma tissue

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38
Q

This function of the theca cells is enabled through the establishment of a ____ system within the theca cells providing communication between the _____ and delivering essential nutrients to the _____.

A

vascular

circulating blood

follicle

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39
Q

The theca are differentiated into the theca ____ and the theca ____

A

interna

externa

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40
Q

Theca ____ is predominantly smooth muscle cells

Theca ____ is predominantly secretory

A

externa

interna

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41
Q

The theca interna is responsible for the production of ____ which is used by the granulosa cells to produce _____ .

A

androstenedione

estradiol

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42
Q

The theca ____ contains abundant collagen which provides structural support to the growing follicle.

A

externa

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43
Q

There is evidence that the theca cells_____ during ovulation and atresia.

A

contracts

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44
Q

Changes in the contractile activity of the theca externa may be involved in atresia but not ovulatory processes.

T/F

A

F

Both

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45
Q

Oviducts

  • The _____ tubes or ____ tubes
  • are two tubes which extend ____ from the _____ towards the ____ walls of the pelvis, where they _____ and _____ over the ovaries.
A

Fallopian

Uterine

posterolaterally; uterus

lateral

ascend and arch

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46
Q

Uterine tubes are ____ cm long and ___ in diameter.

A

10

1cm

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47
Q

The uterine tube opens at one end into the ______ near the _____ and at the other end into the ____

A

peritoneal cavity

ovary

uterine cavity.

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48
Q

Mesosalpinx is the ___ of the _____

A

mesentery

Fallopian tube

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49
Q

Mesosalpinx is a portion of the ____ which connects with the _____ thus helping to hold the tube in place

A

broad ligament

mesovarium

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50
Q

Site of fertilization of an egg??

A

Fallopian tube

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51
Q

FUNCTIONS of oviducts

-The _____ produce secretions

A

mucosal glands

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52
Q

The oviduct Supports the unfertilised oocyte

T/F

A

T

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53
Q

The uterine tube Supports ____ in the oviduct Increasing the ____ capabilities of the spermatozoa

A

spermatozoa

fertilizing

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54
Q

Fallopian tube helps in Development of the dividing zygote

T/F

A

T

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55
Q

The uterine tube is divided into regions

  • ____
  • ____
  • ______
A

Infundibulum

Ampulla

Isthmus

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56
Q

The Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube
- is the _____-shaped (medial or lateral?) or (proximal or distal?) end of the uterine tube that is closely related to the ___

A

funneL

lateral

distal

ovary

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57
Q

The Infundibulum of the Uterine Tube

Its margins have ___-____ ——- which help ___ the oocyte and sweep it to the ____.

A

20 to 30 fimbriae

trap

ampulla

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58
Q

fimbriae of the uterine tube are ____-like processes that spread over the surface of the ovary

A

finger

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59
Q

The Ampulla of the Uterine Tube

-The ampulla is the ____ and ____ part of the uterine tube, making up ____ of its length.

A

widest and longest

Over half

60
Q

fertilization occurs in the _____ part of the uterine tube

A

Ampulla

61
Q

The Isthmus of the Uterine Tube

-is the (short or long?) (about ____ cm), (narrow or wide?) and (thin or thick?) -walled (medial or lateral ?) end.

A

short

2.5

narrow

Thick

medial

62
Q

MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE OF THE FALLOPIAN TUBES
-Tubal mucosa are thrown into _____ which increasing in number toward the ____.
-The fallopian tubes lined internally with ______ epithelium which aid ___ movement along the tube

A

longitudinal folds

fimbria

simple ciliated (hairs projection) columnar

egg

63
Q

Uterus

  • aka the ____
  • is a (thin or thick?) -walled, ____-shaped muscular organ that projects ____ ( ______ ) over the urinary bladder in _____ women.
A

womb

Thick

pear

superoanteriorly

anteverted

non-pregnant

64
Q

Uterus is not hollow

T/F

A

F

It is

65
Q

Uterus is bounded posteriorly by the ______.

A

rectum

66
Q

Uterus is

_____ cm in length

____ cm in breadth

____ cm. in thickness.

-It weighs about __ g.

A

7.5

5

2.5

35

67
Q

Uterine cavity communicate superiorly one on either side with the _____ open and below with the _____.

A

uterine tubes

vagina

68
Q

Receptive site for the fertilized egg is the ______

A

Uterus

69
Q

The Uterus provides:

  • ______ protection
  • ______ support
  • _____ removal for the developing fetus.
A

Mechanical

Nutritional

Waste

70
Q

Contractions of uterine wall are not necessary for child birth
T/F

A

F

They are

71
Q

PARTS OF THE UTERUS

-The _____ is the superior part of the body which lies above a plane passing through the points of ____ of the ____

A

Fundus

entrance of the uterine tubes

72
Q

The ____ of the uterus is the portion above the isthmus.

A

Body

73
Q

The _____ of the Uterus is the constricted transitional zone between the ___ and ____

A

Isthmus

body and cervix.

74
Q

corresponding to the isthmus of the uterus in the interior is a _____ of the uterine cavity, the _____ or ____ of the uterus.

A

narrowing

internal os or orifice

75
Q

The Cervix is the (higher or lower? , (narrow or wide?) and ____ shaped portion below the ____ and above the ____

A

lower

Narrow

cylindrical

isthmus

vagina

76
Q

Cervix forms a thick band at it exit called _______ or _____.

A

external os or orifice

77
Q

Uterus is lined with _____ epithelium

A

columnar

78
Q

the implantation of the fort is normally takes place in the (superior or inferior ?) and (anterior or posterior?) walls of the uterine body in the functional layer of ____

A

Superior

Posterior

endometrium

79
Q

Ligaments of the uterus
-The anterior ligament
consists of the _____ fold of peritoneum, which reflect from the posterior surface of the ____ to the ___ of the uterus, at the junction of the _____ and ___

A

vesicouterine

bladder

front

cervix and body.

80
Q

The posterior ligament of the uterus consists of the ____ fold of peritoneum which is reflected from the _______ of the vagina on to the front of the _____

A

rectovaginal

posterior fornix

rectum.

81
Q

The broad or lateral ligament

*a (narrow or wide?) fold of peritoneum which pass from the ___ of the uterus to the lateral walls of the pelvis

A

Wide

sides

82
Q

together with the ____ , the broad ligament form a ____ across the female pelvic dividing that cavity into _____ and _____ portions

A

uterus

septum

anterior and posterior

83
Q

The broad ligament may be divided into three subcomponents:

  • Mesometrium - the mesentery of the ____
  • Mesosalpinx - the mesentery of the _____
  • Mesovarium - the mesentery of the ___.
A

uterus

Fallopian tube

ovaries

84
Q

Largest portion of the broad ligament of the uterus is ????

A

Mesometrium

85
Q

The round ligaments

  • are two ______ bands of ligament
  • originates at the ____ and leaves the pelvis via the ____, passes through the ____ and continues on to the _____ where its fibers spread and blend with the tissue of the _____
A

flattened

uterine horns

deep inguinal ring

inguinal canal

labia majora

mons pubis.

86
Q

The round ligaments

It is situated between the _____ of the _____

-It is about __ cm in length

A

Layers

broad ligament.

12

87
Q

____ is the glandular and highly vascular layer of the uterus

A

The endometrium

88
Q

The endometrium

-It grows to a (thin or thick?) layer which represents an ______ for the implantation.

A

thick

optimal environment

89
Q

During pregnancy, the glands and blood vessels in the endometrium further increase in size and number to supply oxygen and nourishment for the developing fetus.

T/F

A

T

90
Q

The ___metrium also maintain the patency of the uterine cavity

A

Endo

91
Q

The endometrium also maintain the patency of the uterine cavity by preventing adhesions between the _____ of the ______

A

opposed walls of the myometrium.

92
Q

The myometrium

  • consisting mainly of uterine _____ with supporting ____ and ____ tissue.
  • Its main function is to ______ uterine ____
A

smooth muscle cells

stromal and vascular

induce uterine contractions.

93
Q

perimetrium

  • (fibrous or serous?) coat of uterus
  • is the (inner or outer?) (fibrosa or serosa?) layer of the uterus supported by a (thin or thick?) layer of connective tissue
A

Fibrous

Outer

serosa

Thin

94
Q

Vagina

-aka _____ is a ______ (elastic or inelastic ?) canal /tubular tract leading from the ___ to the _____.

A

birth canal

fibro-muscular

Elastic

cervix

vulva

95
Q

Vagina links the reproductive tract to the ____ environment

A

external

96
Q

The vagina communicates superiorly with the ___ canal and opens inferiorly into the ____ of the vagina.

A

cervical

vestibule

97
Q

Functions of VAGINA
-The vagina serves as the receptacle for the ____ during sexual intercourse and as the canal through which the ____ passes during ____

A

penis

baby ; labor

labor

98
Q

The Vagina is lined with ______ epithelium.

A

stratified squamous

99
Q

At either side of the vaginal opening are the _____ glands, which produce (small or large?) amounts of _____ to keep it wall ____ during periods of sexual excitement

A

Bartholin’s

Small

lubricating fluid

moist

100
Q

Bartholin’s glands aka ______ glands

A

greater vestibular

101
Q

Bartholin’s glands are homologous to _____ glands in males

A

bulbourethral

102
Q

Labia Majora

  • are the (inner or outer?) lips of the vulva
  • they wrap around the vulva from the ___ to the ____.
  • It is a pad of ___ tissue usually covered with ___ and contain numerous ___ and ——- glands.
A

outer

mons

perineum

fatty

pubic hair

sweat and sebaceous

103
Q

Labia Minora

  • are the (inner or outer?) lips of the vulva
  • are (thin or thick?) stretches of tissue within the labia majora.
A

inner

Thin

104
Q

Labia minora is richly supplied with blood vessels

T/F

A

T

105
Q

Rich blood supply to the labia majora gives it a pink color

T/F

A

F

Minora

106
Q

during sexual stimulation, blood vessels of the labia minora become ____ with blood causing the labia minora to ____ and become more ___ to _____

A

engorged

swell

sensitive to stimulation

107
Q

Clitoris

  • is a (small or large ?) ___-like structure near the (anterior or posterior?) junction of the ____
  • formed by the ____ of the _____ (anteriorly or posteriorly?)
A

Small

button

Anterior

labia minora

Union ; labia minora ; anteriorly

108
Q

the clitoris is small but _____ zone

A

most sensitive

109
Q

Clitoris is (rich or poor?) in nerve endings (about ____)

A

Rich

8000

110
Q

Clitoris is homologous to the ____ but ____ in growth( so it’s basically an ____ genital tubercle)

A

penis

redundant

undifferentiated

111
Q

VESTIBULE

-space in the vulva between the ___ into which structures open into

A

labia minora

112
Q

Structures opening into the vestibule are:

  • ____
  • ____
  • _____ glands
  • ____ ducts
A

urethra

vagina

bartholin’s

skene’s

113
Q

Mons pubis or ____

-is the pad of fatty tissue that covers the _____ above formed by anterior junction of the _____

A

Veneris

pubic bone

labia majora.

114
Q

rounded eminence where labia majora meets is the ____

A

Mons pubis

115
Q

TYPES OF HYMEN

  • _____ hymen
  • _____ hymen
  • _____ hymen
  • _____ hymen
  • ______ ——- hymen
A

imperforate

annular

septate

cribiform

parous introitus

116
Q

Labial adhesion or fused labia
-it’s generally a pediatric condition, the membrane starts to dissolve and the labia eventually seperate completely

Learn!!!

A

Done bitch!

117
Q

BLOOD SUPPLY OF THS FRS

-This is derived mainly from the ______ arteries, which are branches of the ______ arteries

A

uterine

internal iliac

118
Q

The uterine arteries pass along the ___ of the uterus within the _____ and then turn (medically or laterally?) at the ____ of the uterine tubes, where they give ___ branches which anastomose with the ___ arteries

A

sides

broad ligament

Laterally

entrance

tubal

ovarian

119
Q

Clinical Anatomy
-Ovarian cyst (_____ syndrome) occurs when ___-filled sac is localize in the ____, which inhibits the ____and this may cause cycle irregularities. ____ can be done to remove the cyst

A

polycystic ovary

fluid

ovary

follicular growth

Surgery

120
Q

Ovarian cancer is a (benign or cancerous?) growth arising from the ovary. Symptoms include abdominal ____ , abdominal ___, weight ____, etc. treatments can be ____,_____ etc

A

cancerous

bloating or swelling

pains

loss

surgery, chemotherapy,

121
Q

Uterine fibroid is a (benign or malignant?) tumor of the ______ of the uterus .

Most fibroids cause ____ and ____ menstruation,____ sexual intercourse, urinary frequency and may interfere with ___. Treatments include ___,____, or ____ to ___ and ____ small fibroid areas

A

Benign

myometrium

heavy and painful

painful

pregnancy

surgery, medication , or non invasive procedure

heat and destroy

122
Q

Ectopic pregnancy complication in which the embryo implants outside theuterine cavity such as ___,____,______ .

Symptoms include ____ vaginal bleeding, nausea and vomiting,___ abdominal pain, dizziness etc.

_____ or _____ to _____ the pregnancy should be done

A

Fallopian tube, cervix, andabdomen.

light; lower

surgery or medication; terminate

123
Q

Fallopian tube obstruction is the blocking of the tube which may prevent ____ and ___ passage thus making fertilization impossible.

Surgery (____) to fix things

A

ovum and the sperm

tuboplasty

124
Q

Endometriosis : endometrial tissue grows ___ the womb .

May occur as a result of ____ menstruation

. Its symptoms include ___ pain, ___ periods discomfort and infertility .

_____ and _____ can fix this shit

A

outside

retrograde

pelvic

painful

Surgery and medication

125
Q

In retrograde menstruation , menstrual blood flows back through the _____ into the ____ which stick to _____ and ____ and continue to grow and ____

A

Fallopian tubes

pelvic cavity

pelvic wall and organs

thicken

126
Q

Before the onset of ovulation the surfaces of the ovary are _____, but after puberty they become ___

A

smooth

nodular

127
Q

The ovarian pain is referred in the _____ region being supplied by ___ spinal segment.

The intractable ovarian pain can be alleviated by transecting the ____ ligament, which contain the afferent (general visceral afferent) fibres.

A

umbilical

T10

suspensory

128
Q

ascites presents with shifting dullness.
T/F

Ovarian cyst presents with shifting dullness.
T/F

A

T

F

129
Q

Congenital absence of one or both ovaries is found in Turner’s syndrome(aka _____ ____)

T/F

A

T

Ovarian dysgensis

130
Q

Fimbriae of uterine tube pierces the posterior layer of the broad ligament.

T/F

A

T

131
Q

Lumen of the uterus

Narrow or wide ?

A

Narrow

132
Q

The junction between the body and cervix of uterus is marked by a ____ constriction called isthmus.

A

circular

133
Q

point of fusion between the uterine tube and body is called ____ of the uterus.

A

cornu

134
Q

The fundus is convex on ___ sides and covered by the ____.

A

all

peritoneum

135
Q

Covered or not by peritoneum

Anterior surface of uterus
Posterior surface of uterus
Right side
Left side

A

Yes
Yes
No
No

136
Q

the round ligament of the uterus is attached _____ to the tube and the ligament of the ovary is attached ______ to the tube

A

anteroinferior

posteroinferior

137
Q

most important ligaments of the uterus is ________ and hence often called _____ ligaments.

A

Transverse cervical ligaments

cardinal

138
Q

Transverse Cervical Ligaments extends from the ____ aspect of ____ and ______ to the ______

A

lateral

cervix and upper vaginal wall

lateral pelvic wall

139
Q

Uterosacral Ligaments

extend from the ___ to the ________, and pass on each side of the ____

A

cervix

second and third sacral vertebrae

rectum

140
Q

The axis of the vagina corresponds with the axis of the pelvic outlet.

T/F

A

T

141
Q

corpus spongiosum in the body of clitoris

T/F

A

F

142
Q

corpus spongiosum in female is represented by ____ of the ____ and ___ of ___

A

bulbs of the vestibule

glans of clitoris.

143
Q

Least movable part of the uterus

A

The cervix

144
Q

Most common cancer in the female

A

Cervical cancer

145
Q

Vas deferens in female is ???

A

Gartner’s duct

ANA 204 (10 decks)

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