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ANA 204 > male reproductive system > Flashcards

male reproductive system Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of tHE MRS

  • To ____,___, and ____ sperm & semen
  • To _____ sperm within the female reproductive tract

-To ___ and _____ male sex hormones

A

produce, maintain & transport

discharge

produce & secrete

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2
Q

Substantial part of the male reproductive system is located _____ of the man’s body

A

outside

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3
Q

External parts of the MRS

____,____, ______

A

Penis Urethra Scrotum

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4
Q

Internal parts of the MRS

\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
\_\_\_\_\_
A

Testis

Epididymis

Vas deferens

Seminal vesicle

Ejaculatory ducts

Prostate

Bulbo-urethral glands

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5
Q

Penis

-The penis is the ____,____ male copulatory organ

A

pendant; cylindrical

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6
Q

The penis is the common outlet for urine & semen

T/F

A

T

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7
Q

The penis has 3 parts: the ___, the ____/____; & _____, which is the ____-shaped end of the penis

A

root

body/shaft

glans

cone

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8
Q

Body of penis is ____ in shape & consists of __ columns/chambers of erectile tissue that are wrapped in CT& covered with skin

A

cylindrical

3

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9
Q

2 dorsal columns in the body of the penis are ______

Single, midline ventral column surrounds ____ & is called _______

-These chambers are made up by special, ____-like erectile tissue

A

corpora cavernosa

corpus spongiosum

sponge

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10
Q

This sponge-like erectile tissue of the body of penis contains thousands of ____ that fill with ____ when the man is sexually aroused

A

large spaces

blood

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11
Q

As the penis fills with blood, it becomes ____ and ____ , which allows for penetration intercourse

A

rigid & erect

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12
Q

The tunica albuginea is condensed ____ tissue that invests the cavernous bodies; continuous with _____ of ____ (allows thin penile skin to move) containing prominent blood vessels

A

fibro-elastic

loose CT

hypodermis

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13
Q

The skin of the penis is ___ and ____ to accommodate changes in penis size during an erection

A

loose & elastic

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14
Q

The glans is covered with a ____ layer of skin called _____ (__)

A

Loose

prepuce

foreskin

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15
Q

The root of the penis consists of ____ (covered by _____), ____ (covered by ______ ) and is Located in _____ pouch, bw the ____ membrane & _____ fascia

A

bulb; bulbospongiosus

crura; ischiocavernosus

superficial perineal

perineal; deep perineal

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16
Q

The bulb of the penis is firmly attached to the (superior or inferior?) surface of the membrane & is continued (anteriorly or posteriorly?)? as the ______

The crura are on the ___ of the bulb; anteriorly they are continued into the _____

A

Inferior

anteriorly

corpus spongiosum

sides

corpora cavernosa

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17
Q

Urethra of men

  • Extends from the ______ to ___ of the ___
  • Length of _____ cm
A

bladder neck

end of the penis

18-20

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18
Q

4 parts of the male urethra

  • preprostatic- __\to ____cm
  • Prostatic~ _cm closer to the (anterior or posterior?) than the (anterior or posterior?) surface; The posterior wall of the interior of the urethra consists of : ____; prostatic ___; ____ ; prostatic _____
A

1-1.5

4

anterior; posterior

urethral crest; sinus; seminal colliculus; utricle

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19
Q

widest & most dilated part of the male urethra is ????

A

The prostatic urethra

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20
Q

4 parts of the male urethra

  • Membranous (intermediate):___cm;traverses the _____ pouch & the _____
  • Spongy:___cm: passes through the ___ & corpus ______ ; ~____ in Diameter; expanded at the _____ fossa & _____ fossa
A

1-2

deep perineal

perineal membrane

15-16

bulb; spongiosum

5mm; intrabulbar; navicular

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21
Q

narrowest of the 4 main parts of the male urethra Is ???

A

Membranous

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22
Q

_____ is the narrowest part of the urethra

A

External urethral orifice

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23
Q

Male urethra is Lined with ____ epithelium,_____/____

-At its dilated anterior part in the ____-fossa navicularis, it is _____ epithelium

A

Transitional; Stratified/Pseudostratified

glans

stratified squamous

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24
Q

Mucous membrane of urethra contains numerous glands (of ___) whose ducts open in a ____ direction

-Empty urethra is ____ in cross-section; the meatus is a _____, hence the spiral stream of urine, which delays separation of the urine stream into discrete droplets

A

Littre

proximal

horizontal

vertical slit

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25
Q

Female urethra- ___ long, ____ in Diameter

A

4cm

6mm

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26
Q

Scrotum

  • A pouch containing the ___
  • suspended by the ____ and associated structures
  • has A ____ raphe continuous with the ____ raphe anterioly and ____ raphe posterioly
  • A ______ divides it into 2 cavities;
  • ___ half is longer
A

testicles; spermatic cords

median; penile; perineal

fibrous septum

left

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27
Q

Coverings of the testis in the scrotum:

  • Skin
  • Superficial fascia & dartos muscle
  • is continuous anteriorly with the _____ fascia and posteriorly with ____’ fascia
  • External spermatic fascia
  • _____
  • Cremaster muscle
  • ______
  • Cremaster fascia
  • _____
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • _____
  • Tunica vaginalis
  • _____
A

Scarpa’s
Colle’s

external oblique aponeurosis
internal oblique muscle
fascia of superficial & deep surfaces of internal oblique
transversalis fascia

peritoneum

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28
Q

_____ is responsible for the rugosity of the scrotum

A

Dartos muscle

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29
Q

contraction of dartos muscle causes the scrotum to ____ when ——-

A

wrinkle

cold

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30
Q

The superficial fascia of the scrotum is devoid of fat

T/F

A

T

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31
Q

Testis
-___ shaped organ suspended in the scrotum by the ____

  • They produce both a cellular “secretory product” in the form of ____, and the hormone ____ as a true endocrine secretion
A

Ovoid

spermatic cord.

sperm

testosterone

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32
Q

The testes are purely endocrine in nature.

T/F

A

F

The testes are “exocrine” and endocrine in nature.

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33
Q

Dimension of testes : (in adult human)

weight : ___ g

Length:___ cm

Width: ____ cm

AP- ___ cm

A

12

  1. 5
  2. 5

3

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34
Q

Tunica vaginalis

  • (fibrous or serosal?) lining derived from the ____
  • contains ______ and ____ cells
  • covers loosely _____ and ____
A

Serosal

peritoneum

fibroblast and myocytes

Anteriorly & laterally

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35
Q

Tunica vaginalis have both _____ and ______ layers

A

parietal and visceral

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36
Q

Tunica _____ contract rhythmically

A

Vaginalis

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37
Q

Tunica vaginalis have vascular CT

T/F

A

T

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38
Q

Tunica albuginea

  • _____
  • capsule of (loose or dense?) (fibrous or serous?) tissue
  • (internal or external?) to the tunica vaginalis
  • sends in (anteriorly or posteriorly ?) a vertical septum-the ______
A

white tunic

Dense

Fibrous

internal

Posteriorly

mediastinum testis

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39
Q

mediastinum testis gives off delicate _____ septa that divide testis into ~____ testicular lobules.

A

collagenous

250

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40
Q

Septation of the testes is usually complete in domestic animals
T/F

A

F

Incomplete

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41
Q

Tunica vasculosa

  • (inner or outer?) layer
  • is of loose areolar tissue
  • richly ______
A

Inner

vascularized

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42
Q

The bulk of the testicular tissue is the _____?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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43
Q

Seminiferous tubules

-__-__per testicular lobule.

A

1 to 4

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44
Q

uncoiled, each seminiferous tubules can measure up to ___ cm in length and __-___ µm in Diameter

A

80

150-250

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45
Q

In man, the combined length of the seminiferous tubules in one testis is ~ ____ m.

A

250

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46
Q

Combined length of seminiferous tubules in one testes is much higher that 250m for large animals like \___ and ____

A

boars and bulls

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47
Q

Interstitial endocrinocytes:

  • Leydig cells singly or in groups within CT
  • secrete _____
A

androgens

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48
Q

Sertoli Cells

  • Supportive or ____ cells
  • comprise ____,___ epithelium
  • Highly infiltrated with ___ cells of the ___ series
  • Secrete ______
  • Phagocytize excess cytoplasm cast off by spermatids
  • Nuclei usually found toward ____ membrane; frequently ____ or ____
A

sustentacular

simple, columnar

germ; spermatogenic

androgen-binding protein

basement

triangular or ovoid

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49
Q

_____ cells function as follicle cells in males

A

Sertoli cells

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50
Q

androgen-binding protein transports ____ to lumen of ____

A

dihydrotestosterone

seminiferous tubule

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51
Q

Nucleus of Sertoli cells are Oriented at ___ angles to _____ membrane

A

right

basement

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52
Q

Nucleus of Sertoli cells

  • may be deeply indented
  • Prominent ___
  • _____ chromatin
  • prominent ____ bodies associated with ___
  • sER
A

nucleolus

dispersed

chromatin; nucleolus

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53
Q

Blood-testis barrier
-Separate (apical or basal?) compartment containing ____ from adluminal compartment containing ____ and ____

-The barrier prevents passage of ___ agents into the _____

A

Basal ; spermatogonia; spermatocytes & spermatids

cytotoxic

seminiferoustubules

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54
Q

The blood–testes barrier can be damaged by ____ to the testes (including ___ or ____) , by surgery or as a result of _____

A

trauma

torsion or impact

vasectomy

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55
Q

When the blood–testes barrier is breached, and sperm enters the _____, the immune system mounts an ___ against the sperm

-If they bind to the head, the sperm maybe less able to ____, and if they bind to the tail, the _____ of the sperm can be reduced

A

bloodstream

autoimmune response

fertilize an egg

motility

56
Q

BTB AND BEB
-Complete BTB and BEB are comprised of 3 components: ___,___,___

  • _____ form anatomical (physical) barrier that restricts passage of molecules & cells from entering or exiting the lumen
  • Physiological barrier can is comprised of ____ that regulate movement of substances in or out of the lumen, thus creating a _____ , which is critical for proper development & maturation of germ cells
  • Immunological barrier limits access by the immune system and sequesters the majority of the auto antigenic germ-cells
  • Combined with the overall immune privilege of the testis, this suppresses detrimental immune responses against the ______ cells
A

anatomical,physiological,& immunological

TJs

transporters; microenvironment

auto antigenic germ

57
Q

Tubuli Recti
- As the seminiferous tubules approach the ____ there is gradual ____ of the _____ elements until the tubules are lined only by ____ (______ epithelium)

A

rete testis

depletion; germinal

SCs

low columnar

58
Q

Rete Testis

  • Receives sperm directly from the _____ & passes them on to the next portion of “drainage”
  • ______ epithelium
  • it’s the thickening of ______ at ____
A

seminiferous tubules

Low cuboidal

hilum

59
Q

_____ is the beginning of the outlet ducts in males

A

Rete testis

60
Q

List the muscle Contained in mediastinum testis

A

no muscle Contained in mediastinum testis

61
Q

Ductuli Efferentes
-Rete testis opens into __-____ efferent ducts

-These coiled ducts are lined by a ____ epithelium of peculiar appearance, giving the duct a “___/____’’ appearance

A

10-20

pseudostratified columnar

scalloped“/wavy

62
Q

All the efferent ductules are the same in height from place to place
T/F

A

F

They vary

63
Q

2 cell types are present in efferent ductules :

____ and _______ epithelial cells

A

cilia & nonciliated absorptive cuboidal

64
Q

Many of the epithelial cells lining the efferent ductules, especially the ____ ones, are (ciliated or non ciliated?)

These are (true or false ?) cilia i.e.,_____, which have the typical (internal or external ?) structure and which are capable of ____.

A

taller

Ciliated

kinocilia

internal

movement

65
Q

The cilia of ciliated cells of the efferent ductules help propel the ____ and still immotile spermatozoa along their journey

A

not-yet-fully matured

66
Q

Characteristics & Composition Of Human Semen

  • Colour is ____, _____
  • Specific gravity of semen is ____
  • pH of semen is _____
  • Count-~ ____
  • Abnormal forms- less than ___%
  • Fluid from seminal vesicle ( ___ %)-fructose, phosphorylcholine, ergothioneine, AA, flavins, PG
  • Fluid from prostate ( ___%)-spermine, citric acid, cholesterol, phospholipids, fibrinolysin, fibrinogenase, Zn, acid phosphatase
A

white; opalescent

  1. 028
  2. 35-7.50

100 million/ml

20

60; 20

67
Q

Epididymis

  • Compact mass extending down over (anterior or posterior?) aspect of testis
  • extremely ____, tightly ____ tube
  • Consists of the ___,___,___
  • ~_-_m in length
A

posterior

tortuous; coiled

head, body and tail

4-6

68
Q

The efferent ductules transport the sperms from the ____ to the ___

A

rete testis

epididymis

69
Q

Sperm are ____ and ___ in the epididymis, prior to ejaculation

A

stored & matured

70
Q

The lining of the epididymis is _____, but here they’re adorned with “____” rather than ___ cilia

A

pseudostratified columnar

stereocilia

true

71
Q

Stereocilia of epidydymis
-are unfortunately misnamed because They are not cilia and (motile or non-motile?) , but instead are just enormously (short or long?) ____

  • They are a specialization for increased _____
  • These cells are supported on ______ surrounded by ____ cells
A

non-motile

long microvilli

surface area

basal lamina

smooth muscle

72
Q

The epididymis is a secretory organ

T/F

A

T

73
Q

Epidydymis Produces ___ needed to __ the sperm and make it functionally capable of effecting fertilization

A

glycoproteins

coat

74
Q

Once the sperm have been resident in the epididymis for some time they are fully matured both morphologically & physiologically
T/F

A

T

75
Q

Epididymal cells have a very well-developed Golgi apparatus

T/F

With reason

A

T

since they are actively involved in glycosylation reactions

76
Q

____ of epididymidis also takes part in uptake & digestion of _____ that are eliminated during ____

A

Epithelium

residual bodies

spermatogenesis

77
Q

Ductus (Vas) Deferens

  • Muscular tube
  • ~___cm in length
  • Begins in the __ of the ____
  • Following its exit from the _____, it crosses over the ____ vessels
A

45

tail of the epididymis

inguinal canal

external iliac

78
Q

Structures between the vas deferens and the peritoneum?

A

During its course, no structure intervenes bw it & the peritoneum

79
Q

Ductus vas deferens
Inner & outer layers of _____ oriented smooth muscle, intermediate layer of ___ muscle
-___pathetic nervous innervation

A

longitudinally

circular

Sym

80
Q

Strong peristaltic contractions expel ejaculum from vas deferens
T/F

A

T

81
Q

Ductus vas deferens

Lined by _____ epithelium thrown into folds (containing ____)
-Dilated distal portion = ____

A

pseudostratified

lamina propria

ampulla

82
Q

At the final portion of ampulla of vas deferens, seminal vesicles join the duct = _____ duct

A

ejaculatory

83
Q

Seminal Vesicle

  • ____ diverticulum of ductus deferens
  • _____ appearance
  • _____ epithelium secretory (low cuboidal)
  • Produces _____ (watery or viscid?) (alkaline? Or acidic?) fluid containing fructose, fibrinogen, vitamin C and prostaglandins
A

Glandular

Honeycombed

Pseudostratified

yellowish; viscid, alkaline

84
Q

Prominent muscular wall of vas deferens :

inner ___ and outer ____ layers

A

circular

longitudinal

85
Q

EJACULATORY DUCT

  • Union of the duct of a _____ with the _____
  • ~ ___ cm long
  • Converge to open on the ____ by slit-like apertures on, or just within, the opening of the _____
A

seminal vesicle

vas deferens

2.5

seminal colliculus

prostatic utricle

86
Q

Bulbourethral Glands

  • 2 (small or large?) ___ shaped bodies
  • placed ____ to the _____ part of the urethra
  • between the ____ membrane and the ____ fascia
A

Small; round

posterolateral; membranous

perineal

parietal pelvic

87
Q

Bulbourethral Glands

Their ducts, ~___ cm long pierce the _____, to open into the ____ part of the urethra

  • These glands produce a ____,____ fluid.
  • This fluid serves to ____ the urethra and to neutralize any _____ that may be present due to residual drops of ___ in the urethra
A

2.5

perineal membrane

spongy

clear, slippery

lubricate

acidity

urine

88
Q

Largest accessory organ of male rep system is ????

A

Prostate gland

89
Q

PROSTATE GLAND

  • Surrounds the ____ urethra
  • Healthy human prostate ______ than a walnut
  • _/3 glandular & _/3 fibromuscular
A

prostatic

slightly larger

2; 1

90
Q

The only exocrine organ located in midline in humans is???

A

Prostate gland

91
Q

Prostate gland is Surrounded by (thin or thick?) , _____ capsule

A

Thick

fibro-elastic

92
Q

Prostate gland

__ lobes= list them!

-Prostatic ducts , about __-__ open into prostatic ____

A

5

ant, post, 2 lateral & middle

20-30; sinuses

93
Q

Prostate gland

Separated by __ that is arising from ___ & containing ____ muscle and innervated by __pathetic neurons

Divided into ~__ (well or poorly?) defined lobules

______ epithelium

  • (apically or basally?) or located nuclei
  • forms branching folds with central core of lamina propria = ___ appearance
A

septa

capsule; smooth

sym

50; poorly

Pseudostratified columnar

Basally

papillary

94
Q

Between seminal vesicle and prostate gland, which has a much higher epithelium

A

Prostate gland

95
Q

Prostate gland

Lamellated glycoprotein masses = corpora ___ that ___ease with age; calcify as prostatic ____

-prostatic fluid is (Thin or thick ?) ___ secretory product rich in citric acid & hydrolytic enzymes: fibrinolysin

A

amylacea

Incr

concretions

Thin

milky

96
Q

3 separate groups of compound tubulo-acinar glands arranged concentrically around urethra

(1) Main prostatic glands
- bulk of organ
- peripheral __/3rds
- drain via about ___ (short or long?) long (arching) ducts into (proximal or distal?) urethra on either side of the urethral ____/____

A

2; 20; long

distal

crest

verumontanum

97
Q

Submucosal prostatic glands

  • aka —— ____glands
  • drain via (short or long?) ducts into urethral ____
A

outer periurethral

Short

sinuses

98
Q

Mucosal prostatic glands

  • aka ______ glands
  • open directly into _____
A

inner periurethral

urethra

99
Q

____ prostatic Glands can lead to cancer

____ prostatic Glands can lead to BPH

A

Main glands

Submucosal and mucosal

100
Q

Prostatic urethra: lined by _____ epithelium

A

transitional

101
Q

ZONES OF THE PROSTATE

Peripheral zone

  • ~___% volume
  • Major site of _____ (____% of CA)

Central zone

  • Surrounds _____ ducts
  • ___% volume
  • Accounts for ~__% of CAs
Transition  zone
 ~\_\_%  at  puberty
 ~\_\_\_-\_\_%  of  CAs  originate  here 
-Surrounds  \_\_\_\_ urethra
-Most cases  of  \_\_\_\_  arise from  here
A

70 ; prostate cancer; 70-80

ejaculatory; 25; 2.5

5; 10-20

proximal

BPH

102
Q

Cancer of the prostate from the central zone tend to be more ____ & more likely to invade the _____

A

Aggressive

seminal vesicles

103
Q

CLASSIFICATION OF LOBES of prostate
-Anterior lobe (or ____) ~ corresponds to part of ____ zone

  • Posterior lobe ~corresponds to ____ zone
  • Lateral lobes spans __ zones
  • Median lobe (or middle lobe) ~corresponds to part of ____ zone
A

isthmus; transitional

peripheral

all

central

104
Q

APPLIED ANATOMY

  • Infertility: _____ syndrome
  • ____ dysfunction
  • Endocrine control of testicular functions
A

Immotile ciliary

Erectile

105
Q

Ca Prostate :PSA

Is a ___ test used primarily to screen for _____

  • the test measures the amount of PSA in your blood
  • PSA is a protein produced by ____ tissue in the prostate
A

blood

prostate cancer
both cancerous and noncancerous

106
Q

Klinefelter Syndrome

  • 1:_____ male births
  • they’d have ____ chromosome
  • Hypogonadism or hypergonadism?
A

500-1000

XXY

Hypo

107
Q

Patients with Klinefelter syndrome are sterile

T/F

A

T

108
Q

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome

  • female face
  • breast growth
  • lack of axillary hair
  • female body shape
  • ____ muscles
  • testicle _____
  • ____ scrotal sac
A

lean

undescended

empty

109
Q

prostate is located in the ____ pelvis

(Above or below?) the urogenital diaphragm

A

lesser

Above

110
Q

Prostate is (in front of or behind ?) the rectal ampulla.

It is embraced on each side by the ____ muscle.

A

Infront of

levator ani

111
Q

The base of the prostate is pierced by the urethra in the median plane at the junction of its anterior __-third and posterior __-third.

A

one

two

112
Q

Which lobe of prostate is devoid of glandular tissue

Which lobe of prostate contains much of the glandular tissue

Which lobe of prostate contains some of the glandular tissue

A

Anterior lobe

Median lobe

Lateral

113
Q

False capsule of the prostate

It is derived from the ______.

envelops the prostate gland and _______ in (the same or a different?) compartment.

A

pelvic fascia

urinary bladder

The same

114
Q

The lumen of tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate contains small colloid masses called _____

A

corpora amylacea.

115
Q

The prostate gland is supplied by the branches of _____, ——— , and ____ arteries.

A

inferior vesical

middle rectal

internal pudendal

116
Q

The communication between the vesical and vertebral venous plexuses is valveless.

T/F

A

T

117
Q

Artery to vas deferens, a branch of ____ artery.

Artery to vas deferens, a branch of ____ artery

Artery to vas deferens, a branch of _____ artery.

A

superior vesical

inferior vesical

middle rectal

118
Q

Most common approach to remove adenoma of prostate is ???

A

Transurethral

119
Q

Tunica albuginea surrounds only corpus cavernous and not spongiosum

T/F

A

F

It surrounds both

120
Q

The internal layer of prepuce is continuous with the __ skin covering the __ firmly.

A

thin

Glans

121
Q

The skin covering the glans is continuous with the mucous membrane of the urethra at the ______.

A

external urethral orifice

122
Q

Frenulum of the prepuce is highly sensitive.

T/F

A

T

123
Q

deep fascia of the penis or _____ fascia

  • It surrounds both corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
  • extends beyond the neck of penis
  • separates the ____ and ____ veins of the penis.
A

Buck’s

T
F doesn’t

superficial and deep dorsal

124
Q

____ arteries of the penis are the principal vessels for filling the lacunae of erectile tissue during erection of the penis.

A

Deep

125
Q

The dorsal arteries of the penis supply the ___ penis and ___ part of corpus spongiosum, ____ and _____ of prepuce.

The arteries of bulb supply the ___ and ____ half of the corpus spongiosum.

The superficial external pudendal arteries supply the ____ and _____ of the penis.

A

glans

distal

prepuce, and frenulum

bulb; proximal

skin and fascia

126
Q

Lymph vessels from the glans penis drain into the ____ lymph nodes, especially into the lymph node of ___. The lymph vessels from the rest of penis drain into _____ lymph nodes.

A

deep inguinal

Cloquet

superficial inguinal

127
Q

Testes is a mobile organ

T/F

A

T

128
Q

The anterior border is rounded and _____ covered by the tunica vaginalis. The posterior border is straight and _____ covered by the tunica vaginalis.

A

completely

partly

129
Q

On the lateral aspect the epididymis is separated from the testis by the extension of the cavity of _____ called _____ of the ____

A

tunica vaginalis

sinus of the epididymis

130
Q

Hydrocele : It is the accumulation of the fluid within the ____

A

tunica vaginalis

131
Q

Venous pressure is less in the left testicular vein

T/F

A

F

132
Q

Epidydymis adds substances to the seminal fluid to nourish the maturating spermatozoa.

T/F

A

T

133
Q

Epidydymis also absorbs the seminal fluid

T/F

A

T

134
Q

Lymph node involved in the cancer (carcinoma) of penis is ???

A

Cloquet’s node

135
Q

Ectopic testes is rare

T/F

A

F

136
Q

SUPPORTS OF THE PROSTATE

_________
________
_______

A

Urogenital diaphragm

2 pairs of puboprostatic ligament

Retrovesical fascia of denonvillers

ANA 204 (10 decks)

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