male reproductive system Flashcards
Functions of tHE MRS
- To ____,___, and ____ sperm & semen
- To _____ sperm within the female reproductive tract
-To ___ and _____ male sex hormones
produce, maintain & transport
discharge
produce & secrete
Substantial part of the male reproductive system is located _____ of the man’s body
outside
External parts of the MRS
____,____, ______
Penis Urethra Scrotum
Internal parts of the MRS
\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_ \_\_\_\_\_
Testis
Epididymis
Vas deferens
Seminal vesicle
Ejaculatory ducts
Prostate
Bulbo-urethral glands
Penis
-The penis is the ____,____ male copulatory organ
pendant; cylindrical
The penis is the common outlet for urine & semen
T/F
T
The penis has 3 parts: the ___, the ____/____; & _____, which is the ____-shaped end of the penis
root
body/shaft
glans
cone
Body of penis is ____ in shape & consists of __ columns/chambers of erectile tissue that are wrapped in CT& covered with skin
cylindrical
3
2 dorsal columns in the body of the penis are ______
Single, midline ventral column surrounds ____ & is called _______
-These chambers are made up by special, ____-like erectile tissue
corpora cavernosa
corpus spongiosum
sponge
This sponge-like erectile tissue of the body of penis contains thousands of ____ that fill with ____ when the man is sexually aroused
large spaces
blood
As the penis fills with blood, it becomes ____ and ____ , which allows for penetration intercourse
rigid & erect
The tunica albuginea is condensed ____ tissue that invests the cavernous bodies; continuous with _____ of ____ (allows thin penile skin to move) containing prominent blood vessels
fibro-elastic
loose CT
hypodermis
The skin of the penis is ___ and ____ to accommodate changes in penis size during an erection
loose & elastic
The glans is covered with a ____ layer of skin called _____ (__)
Loose
prepuce
foreskin
The root of the penis consists of ____ (covered by _____), ____ (covered by ______ ) and is Located in _____ pouch, bw the ____ membrane & _____ fascia
bulb; bulbospongiosus
crura; ischiocavernosus
superficial perineal
perineal; deep perineal
The bulb of the penis is firmly attached to the (superior or inferior?) surface of the membrane & is continued (anteriorly or posteriorly?)? as the ______
The crura are on the ___ of the bulb; anteriorly they are continued into the _____
Inferior
anteriorly
corpus spongiosum
sides
corpora cavernosa
Urethra of men
- Extends from the ______ to ___ of the ___
- Length of _____ cm
bladder neck
end of the penis
18-20
4 parts of the male urethra
- preprostatic- __\to ____cm
- Prostatic~ _cm closer to the (anterior or posterior?) than the (anterior or posterior?) surface; The posterior wall of the interior of the urethra consists of : ____; prostatic ___; ____ ; prostatic _____
1-1.5
4
anterior; posterior
urethral crest; sinus; seminal colliculus; utricle
widest & most dilated part of the male urethra is ????
The prostatic urethra
4 parts of the male urethra
- Membranous (intermediate):___cm;traverses the _____ pouch & the _____
- Spongy:___cm: passes through the ___ & corpus ______ ; ~____ in Diameter; expanded at the _____ fossa & _____ fossa
1-2
deep perineal
perineal membrane
15-16
bulb; spongiosum
5mm; intrabulbar; navicular
narrowest of the 4 main parts of the male urethra Is ???
Membranous
_____ is the narrowest part of the urethra
External urethral orifice
Male urethra is Lined with ____ epithelium,_____/____
-At its dilated anterior part in the ____-fossa navicularis, it is _____ epithelium
Transitional; Stratified/Pseudostratified
glans
stratified squamous
Mucous membrane of urethra contains numerous glands (of ___) whose ducts open in a ____ direction
-Empty urethra is ____ in cross-section; the meatus is a _____, hence the spiral stream of urine, which delays separation of the urine stream into discrete droplets
Littre
proximal
horizontal
vertical slit
Female urethra- ___ long, ____ in Diameter
4cm
6mm
Scrotum
- A pouch containing the ___
- suspended by the ____ and associated structures
- has A ____ raphe continuous with the ____ raphe anterioly and ____ raphe posterioly
- A ______ divides it into 2 cavities;
- ___ half is longer
testicles; spermatic cords
median; penile; perineal
fibrous septum
left
Coverings of the testis in the scrotum:
- Skin
- Superficial fascia & dartos muscle
- is continuous anteriorly with the _____ fascia and posteriorly with ____’ fascia
- External spermatic fascia
- _____
- Cremaster muscle
- ______
- Cremaster fascia
- _____
- Internal spermatic fascia
- _____
- Tunica vaginalis
- _____
Scarpa’s
Colle’s
external oblique aponeurosis
internal oblique muscle
fascia of superficial & deep surfaces of internal oblique
transversalis fascia
peritoneum
_____ is responsible for the rugosity of the scrotum
Dartos muscle
contraction of dartos muscle causes the scrotum to ____ when ——-
wrinkle
cold
The superficial fascia of the scrotum is devoid of fat
T/F
T
Testis
-___ shaped organ suspended in the scrotum by the ____
- They produce both a cellular “secretory product” in the form of ____, and the hormone ____ as a true endocrine secretion
Ovoid
spermatic cord.
sperm
testosterone
The testes are purely endocrine in nature.
T/F
F
The testes are “exocrine” and endocrine in nature.
Dimension of testes : (in adult human)
weight : ___ g
Length:___ cm
Width: ____ cm
AP- ___ cm
12
- 5
- 5
3
Tunica vaginalis
- (fibrous or serosal?) lining derived from the ____
- contains ______ and ____ cells
- covers loosely _____ and ____
Serosal
peritoneum
fibroblast and myocytes
Anteriorly & laterally
Tunica vaginalis have both _____ and ______ layers
parietal and visceral
Tunica _____ contract rhythmically
Vaginalis
Tunica vaginalis have vascular CT
T/F
T
Tunica albuginea
- _____
- capsule of (loose or dense?) (fibrous or serous?) tissue
- (internal or external?) to the tunica vaginalis
- sends in (anteriorly or posteriorly ?) a vertical septum-the ______
white tunic
Dense
Fibrous
internal
Posteriorly
mediastinum testis
mediastinum testis gives off delicate _____ septa that divide testis into ~____ testicular lobules.
collagenous
250
Septation of the testes is usually complete in domestic animals
T/F
F
Incomplete
Tunica vasculosa
- (inner or outer?) layer
- is of loose areolar tissue
- richly ______
Inner
vascularized
The bulk of the testicular tissue is the _____?
Seminiferous tubules
Seminiferous tubules
-__-__per testicular lobule.
1 to 4
uncoiled, each seminiferous tubules can measure up to ___ cm in length and __-___ µm in Diameter
80
150-250
In man, the combined length of the seminiferous tubules in one testis is ~ ____ m.
250
Combined length of seminiferous tubules in one testes is much higher that 250m for large animals like \___ and ____
boars and bulls
Interstitial endocrinocytes:
- Leydig cells singly or in groups within CT
- secrete _____
androgens
Sertoli Cells
- Supportive or ____ cells
- comprise ____,___ epithelium
- Highly infiltrated with ___ cells of the ___ series
- Secrete ______
- Phagocytize excess cytoplasm cast off by spermatids
- Nuclei usually found toward ____ membrane; frequently ____ or ____
sustentacular
simple, columnar
germ; spermatogenic
androgen-binding protein
basement
triangular or ovoid
_____ cells function as follicle cells in males
Sertoli cells
androgen-binding protein transports ____ to lumen of ____
dihydrotestosterone
seminiferous tubule
Nucleus of Sertoli cells are Oriented at ___ angles to _____ membrane
right
basement
Nucleus of Sertoli cells
- may be deeply indented
- Prominent ___
- _____ chromatin
- prominent ____ bodies associated with ___
- sER
nucleolus
dispersed
chromatin; nucleolus
Blood-testis barrier
-Separate (apical or basal?) compartment containing ____ from adluminal compartment containing ____ and ____
-The barrier prevents passage of ___ agents into the _____
Basal ; spermatogonia; spermatocytes & spermatids
cytotoxic
seminiferoustubules
The blood–testes barrier can be damaged by ____ to the testes (including ___ or ____) , by surgery or as a result of _____
trauma
torsion or impact
vasectomy
When the blood–testes barrier is breached, and sperm enters the _____, the immune system mounts an ___ against the sperm
-If they bind to the head, the sperm maybe less able to ____, and if they bind to the tail, the _____ of the sperm can be reduced
bloodstream
autoimmune response
fertilize an egg
motility
BTB AND BEB
-Complete BTB and BEB are comprised of 3 components: ___,___,___
- _____ form anatomical (physical) barrier that restricts passage of molecules & cells from entering or exiting the lumen
- Physiological barrier can is comprised of ____ that regulate movement of substances in or out of the lumen, thus creating a _____ , which is critical for proper development & maturation of germ cells
- Immunological barrier limits access by the immune system and sequesters the majority of the auto antigenic germ-cells
- Combined with the overall immune privilege of the testis, this suppresses detrimental immune responses against the ______ cells
anatomical,physiological,& immunological
TJs
transporters; microenvironment
auto antigenic germ
Tubuli Recti
- As the seminiferous tubules approach the ____ there is gradual ____ of the _____ elements until the tubules are lined only by ____ (______ epithelium)
rete testis
depletion; germinal
SCs
low columnar
Rete Testis
- Receives sperm directly from the _____ & passes them on to the next portion of “drainage”
- ______ epithelium
- it’s the thickening of ______ at ____
seminiferous tubules
Low cuboidal
hilum
_____ is the beginning of the outlet ducts in males
Rete testis
List the muscle Contained in mediastinum testis
no muscle Contained in mediastinum testis
Ductuli Efferentes
-Rete testis opens into __-____ efferent ducts
-These coiled ducts are lined by a ____ epithelium of peculiar appearance, giving the duct a “___/____’’ appearance
10-20
pseudostratified columnar
scalloped“/wavy
All the efferent ductules are the same in height from place to place
T/F
F
They vary
2 cell types are present in efferent ductules :
____ and _______ epithelial cells
cilia & nonciliated absorptive cuboidal
Many of the epithelial cells lining the efferent ductules, especially the ____ ones, are (ciliated or non ciliated?)
These are (true or false ?) cilia i.e.,_____, which have the typical (internal or external ?) structure and which are capable of ____.
taller
Ciliated
kinocilia
internal
movement
The cilia of ciliated cells of the efferent ductules help propel the ____ and still immotile spermatozoa along their journey
not-yet-fully matured
Characteristics & Composition Of Human Semen
- Colour is ____, _____
- Specific gravity of semen is ____
- pH of semen is _____
- Count-~ ____
- Abnormal forms- less than ___%
- Fluid from seminal vesicle ( ___ %)-fructose, phosphorylcholine, ergothioneine, AA, flavins, PG
- Fluid from prostate ( ___%)-spermine, citric acid, cholesterol, phospholipids, fibrinolysin, fibrinogenase, Zn, acid phosphatase
white; opalescent
- 028
- 35-7.50
100 million/ml
20
60; 20
Epididymis
- Compact mass extending down over (anterior or posterior?) aspect of testis
- extremely ____, tightly ____ tube
- Consists of the ___,___,___
- ~_-_m in length
posterior
tortuous; coiled
head, body and tail
4-6
The efferent ductules transport the sperms from the ____ to the ___
rete testis
epididymis
Sperm are ____ and ___ in the epididymis, prior to ejaculation
stored & matured
The lining of the epididymis is _____, but here they’re adorned with “____” rather than ___ cilia
pseudostratified columnar
stereocilia
true
Stereocilia of epidydymis
-are unfortunately misnamed because They are not cilia and (motile or non-motile?) , but instead are just enormously (short or long?) ____
- They are a specialization for increased _____
- These cells are supported on ______ surrounded by ____ cells
non-motile
long microvilli
surface area
basal lamina
smooth muscle
The epididymis is a secretory organ
T/F
T
Epidydymis Produces ___ needed to __ the sperm and make it functionally capable of effecting fertilization
glycoproteins
coat
Once the sperm have been resident in the epididymis for some time they are fully matured both morphologically & physiologically
T/F
T
Epididymal cells have a very well-developed Golgi apparatus
T/F
With reason
T
since they are actively involved in glycosylation reactions
____ of epididymidis also takes part in uptake & digestion of _____ that are eliminated during ____
Epithelium
residual bodies
spermatogenesis
Ductus (Vas) Deferens
- Muscular tube
- ~___cm in length
- Begins in the __ of the ____
- Following its exit from the _____, it crosses over the ____ vessels
45
tail of the epididymis
inguinal canal
external iliac
Structures between the vas deferens and the peritoneum?
During its course, no structure intervenes bw it & the peritoneum
Ductus vas deferens
Inner & outer layers of _____ oriented smooth muscle, intermediate layer of ___ muscle
-___pathetic nervous innervation
longitudinally
circular
Sym
Strong peristaltic contractions expel ejaculum from vas deferens
T/F
T
Ductus vas deferens
Lined by _____ epithelium thrown into folds (containing ____)
-Dilated distal portion = ____
pseudostratified
lamina propria
ampulla
At the final portion of ampulla of vas deferens, seminal vesicles join the duct = _____ duct
ejaculatory
Seminal Vesicle
- ____ diverticulum of ductus deferens
- _____ appearance
- _____ epithelium secretory (low cuboidal)
- Produces _____ (watery or viscid?) (alkaline? Or acidic?) fluid containing fructose, fibrinogen, vitamin C and prostaglandins
Glandular
Honeycombed
Pseudostratified
yellowish; viscid, alkaline
Prominent muscular wall of vas deferens :
inner ___ and outer ____ layers
circular
longitudinal
EJACULATORY DUCT
- Union of the duct of a _____ with the _____
- ~ ___ cm long
- Converge to open on the ____ by slit-like apertures on, or just within, the opening of the _____
seminal vesicle
vas deferens
2.5
seminal colliculus
prostatic utricle
Bulbourethral Glands
- 2 (small or large?) ___ shaped bodies
- placed ____ to the _____ part of the urethra
- between the ____ membrane and the ____ fascia
Small; round
posterolateral; membranous
perineal
parietal pelvic
Bulbourethral Glands
Their ducts, ~___ cm long pierce the _____, to open into the ____ part of the urethra
- These glands produce a ____,____ fluid.
- This fluid serves to ____ the urethra and to neutralize any _____ that may be present due to residual drops of ___ in the urethra
2.5
perineal membrane
spongy
clear, slippery
lubricate
acidity
urine
Largest accessory organ of male rep system is ????
Prostate gland
PROSTATE GLAND
- Surrounds the ____ urethra
- Healthy human prostate ______ than a walnut
- _/3 glandular & _/3 fibromuscular
prostatic
slightly larger
2; 1
The only exocrine organ located in midline in humans is???
Prostate gland
Prostate gland is Surrounded by (thin or thick?) , _____ capsule
Thick
fibro-elastic
Prostate gland
__ lobes= list them!
-Prostatic ducts , about __-__ open into prostatic ____
5
ant, post, 2 lateral & middle
20-30; sinuses
Prostate gland
Separated by __ that is arising from ___ & containing ____ muscle and innervated by __pathetic neurons
Divided into ~__ (well or poorly?) defined lobules
______ epithelium
- (apically or basally?) or located nuclei
- forms branching folds with central core of lamina propria = ___ appearance
septa
capsule; smooth
sym
50; poorly
Pseudostratified columnar
Basally
papillary
Between seminal vesicle and prostate gland, which has a much higher epithelium
Prostate gland
Prostate gland
Lamellated glycoprotein masses = corpora ___ that ___ease with age; calcify as prostatic ____
-prostatic fluid is (Thin or thick ?) ___ secretory product rich in citric acid & hydrolytic enzymes: fibrinolysin
amylacea
Incr
concretions
Thin
milky
3 separate groups of compound tubulo-acinar glands arranged concentrically around urethra
(1) Main prostatic glands
- bulk of organ
- peripheral __/3rds
- drain via about ___ (short or long?) long (arching) ducts into (proximal or distal?) urethra on either side of the urethral ____/____
2; 20; long
distal
crest
verumontanum
Submucosal prostatic glands
- aka —— ____glands
- drain via (short or long?) ducts into urethral ____
outer periurethral
Short
sinuses
Mucosal prostatic glands
- aka ______ glands
- open directly into _____
inner periurethral
urethra
____ prostatic Glands can lead to cancer
____ prostatic Glands can lead to BPH
Main glands
Submucosal and mucosal
Prostatic urethra: lined by _____ epithelium
transitional
ZONES OF THE PROSTATE
Peripheral zone
- ~___% volume
- Major site of _____ (____% of CA)
Central zone
- Surrounds _____ ducts
- ___% volume
- Accounts for ~__% of CAs
Transition zone ~\_\_% at puberty ~\_\_\_-\_\_% of CAs originate here -Surrounds \_\_\_\_ urethra -Most cases of \_\_\_\_ arise from here
70 ; prostate cancer; 70-80
ejaculatory; 25; 2.5
5; 10-20
proximal
BPH
Cancer of the prostate from the central zone tend to be more ____ & more likely to invade the _____
Aggressive
seminal vesicles
CLASSIFICATION OF LOBES of prostate
-Anterior lobe (or ____) ~ corresponds to part of ____ zone
- Posterior lobe ~corresponds to ____ zone
- Lateral lobes spans __ zones
- Median lobe (or middle lobe) ~corresponds to part of ____ zone
isthmus; transitional
peripheral
all
central
APPLIED ANATOMY
- Infertility: _____ syndrome
- ____ dysfunction
- Endocrine control of testicular functions
Immotile ciliary
Erectile
Ca Prostate :PSA
Is a ___ test used primarily to screen for _____
- the test measures the amount of PSA in your blood
- PSA is a protein produced by ____ tissue in the prostate
blood
prostate cancer
both cancerous and noncancerous
Klinefelter Syndrome
- 1:_____ male births
- they’d have ____ chromosome
- Hypogonadism or hypergonadism?
500-1000
XXY
Hypo
Patients with Klinefelter syndrome are sterile
T/F
T
Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome
- female face
- breast growth
- lack of axillary hair
- female body shape
- ____ muscles
- testicle _____
- ____ scrotal sac
lean
undescended
empty
prostate is located in the ____ pelvis
(Above or below?) the urogenital diaphragm
lesser
Above
Prostate is (in front of or behind ?) the rectal ampulla.
It is embraced on each side by the ____ muscle.
Infront of
levator ani
The base of the prostate is pierced by the urethra in the median plane at the junction of its anterior __-third and posterior __-third.
one
two
Which lobe of prostate is devoid of glandular tissue
Which lobe of prostate contains much of the glandular tissue
Which lobe of prostate contains some of the glandular tissue
Anterior lobe
Median lobe
Lateral
False capsule of the prostate
It is derived from the ______.
envelops the prostate gland and _______ in (the same or a different?) compartment.
pelvic fascia
urinary bladder
The same
The lumen of tubuloalveolar glands of the prostate contains small colloid masses called _____
corpora amylacea.
The prostate gland is supplied by the branches of _____, ——— , and ____ arteries.
inferior vesical
middle rectal
internal pudendal
The communication between the vesical and vertebral venous plexuses is valveless.
T/F
T
Artery to vas deferens, a branch of ____ artery.
Artery to vas deferens, a branch of ____ artery
Artery to vas deferens, a branch of _____ artery.
superior vesical
inferior vesical
middle rectal
Most common approach to remove adenoma of prostate is ???
Transurethral
Tunica albuginea surrounds only corpus cavernous and not spongiosum
T/F
F
It surrounds both
The internal layer of prepuce is continuous with the __ skin covering the __ firmly.
thin
Glans
The skin covering the glans is continuous with the mucous membrane of the urethra at the ______.
external urethral orifice
Frenulum of the prepuce is highly sensitive.
T/F
T
deep fascia of the penis or _____ fascia
- It surrounds both corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
- extends beyond the neck of penis
- separates the ____ and ____ veins of the penis.
Buck’s
T
F doesn’t
superficial and deep dorsal
____ arteries of the penis are the principal vessels for filling the lacunae of erectile tissue during erection of the penis.
Deep
The dorsal arteries of the penis supply the ___ penis and ___ part of corpus spongiosum, ____ and _____ of prepuce.
The arteries of bulb supply the ___ and ____ half of the corpus spongiosum.
The superficial external pudendal arteries supply the ____ and _____ of the penis.
glans
distal
prepuce, and frenulum
bulb; proximal
skin and fascia
Lymph vessels from the glans penis drain into the ____ lymph nodes, especially into the lymph node of ___. The lymph vessels from the rest of penis drain into _____ lymph nodes.
deep inguinal
Cloquet
superficial inguinal
Testes is a mobile organ
T/F
T
The anterior border is rounded and _____ covered by the tunica vaginalis. The posterior border is straight and _____ covered by the tunica vaginalis.
completely
partly
On the lateral aspect the epididymis is separated from the testis by the extension of the cavity of _____ called _____ of the ____
tunica vaginalis
sinus of the epididymis
Hydrocele : It is the accumulation of the fluid within the ____
tunica vaginalis
Venous pressure is less in the left testicular vein
T/F
F
Epidydymis adds substances to the seminal fluid to nourish the maturating spermatozoa.
T/F
T
Epidydymis also absorbs the seminal fluid
T/F
T
Lymph node involved in the cancer (carcinoma) of penis is ???
Cloquet’s node
Ectopic testes is rare
T/F
F
SUPPORTS OF THE PROSTATE
_________
________
_______
Urogenital diaphragm
2 pairs of puboprostatic ligament
Retrovesical fascia of denonvillers
