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A2 > Peds USMLErx review > Flashcards

Peds USMLErx review Flashcards

1
Q

What are the physical manifestation of pseudohypoparathyroidism? (neuro, physical, labs)

A
  • MR
  • Short
  • Spastic movements
  • Short fingers
  • Hypocalcemia
  • Hyperphosphatemia
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2
Q

What is albright hereditary osteodystrophy?

A

a form of osteodystrophy, due to pseudohypoparathyroidism, characterized by hypogonadism, brachydactyly, choroid plexus calcifications, full cheeks, and hypocalcemic tetany

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3
Q

What are the classic s/sx of a FB ingestion?

A
  • Choking/stridor
  • Drooling
  • Refusal to eat
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4
Q

What is the appropriate workup for a FB ingestion?

A

Neck, chest, and abdominal x-rays

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5
Q

What is the test used to diagnose HIV in an infant born to an HIV+ mother? Why?

A

HIV DNA polymerase chain reaction, because the usual ELISA will show positive for maternal antibodies,

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6
Q

What is the treatment for a Wilms tumor?

A
  • Nephrectomy and chemo

- XRT added if there are mets

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7
Q

When do Wilms tumors usually present?

A

2-4 years of age

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8
Q

What are the symptoms of a Wilms tumor, if any?

A
  • bone pain
  • n/v/d
  • polyuria/dysuria
  • microscopic hematuria
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9
Q

What is the usual presentation of a SCFE?

A

Obese adolescent with painful, acute-o-chronic limp. Relieved by rest. Pain is often referred to the knee or groin, so lack of overt hip pain should NOT be reassuring.

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10
Q

Which is the more sensitive view for x-ray to diagnose a SCFE?

A

Lateral more sensitive than AP

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11
Q

What is the treatment for a SCFE?

A

Avoid weight bearing, and surgery

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12
Q

When should a child be able to tell a story from beginning through to the end?

A

5 years

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13
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of Duchenne’s muscular dystrophy?

A

XLR

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14
Q

What are the teratogenic effects of carbamazepine?(4)

A
  • NTDs
  • Fingernail hypoplasia
  • IUGR
  • Microcephaly
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15
Q

What is the classic presentation of coxsackievirus pharyngitis?

A

Grayish vesicles and ulcers on the posterior pharynx

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16
Q

Neuroblastomas arise from what cell type?

A

primitive sympathetic ganglion cells

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17
Q

What lab abnormality is classic for neuroblastomas (not specific for it, however)?

A

Elevated urine vanillylmandelic acid

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18
Q

What compressive symptoms can neuroblastomas cause in children?

A

Horner’s syndrome

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19
Q

What are the s/sx of a neuroblastoma?

A
  • HTN
  • Respiratory distress
  • Horner’s
  • periorbital bruising
  • bone pain
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20
Q

What lab abnormalities can neuroblastomas cause?

A

-pancytopenia

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21
Q

What is the treatment for a neuroblastoma?

A

Surgical

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22
Q

What gene is amplified with neuroblastomas?

A

n-myc

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23
Q

A bilirubin level over what value is always pathologic in a neonate?

A

17 mg/dL

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24
Q

What are the five criteria for physiologic jaundice?

A
  1. Bili is less than 14 mg/dL
  2. Bili increases by less than 5 mg/dL/day
  3. During the first 3 days, the bili is less than 5
  4. at 7 days, in a full term infant, jaundice has resolved (14 days if premie)
  5. The conjugated bili is always normal
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25
Q

What is the classic presentation of Scarlet fever?

A

Raspberry tongue

Sandpaper-like rash

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26
Q

what is the treatment for scarlet fever?

A

PCN

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27
Q

What are the s/sx of necrotizing enterocolitis?

A
  • Abdominal distention
  • vomiting
  • Melena
  • lethargy
  • Diarrhea
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28
Q

What is the preventative measure for NEC?

A

Breastfeedings

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29
Q

What amino acid becomes essential in pts with PKU? WHy?

A

Tyrosine, since their F hydroxylase enzyme (of THF cofactor) is no longer functioning to produce this AA

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30
Q

In whom are tetracycline contraindicated? Why?

A

Pregnant women or kids under 8 years

Risk of tooth discoloration, neurologic sequelae, and bone defects

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31
Q

What is the second line treatment for Lyme disease in pts who cannot take doxycycline?

A

Augmentin

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32
Q

What are the early clinical s/sx of a tracheoesophageal fistula?

A
  • Foaming and drooling at the mouth

- Tympanic stomach

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33
Q

What is the treatment for impetigo?

A

Dicloxacillin

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34
Q

Bullous impetigo is classically caused by what infectious agent?

A

Staph Aureus

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35
Q

When is a LP indicated in the workup of a febrile seizure?

A

If suspected CNS infection, or if postictal

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36
Q

How can one distinguish between 11b and 21 hydroxylase deficiency?

A

11beta deficiency will still have some aldosterone effects present, so HTN and hypokalemia may exist

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37
Q

A wide, fixed split S2 is significant for what disease process?

A

ASD

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38
Q

True or false: if a patient taking methylphenidate develops twitching or tics, the medication should be stopped immediately

A

True

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39
Q

Which two infections classically cause erythema multiforme?

A

Mycoplasma

HSV

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40
Q

If ingestion of an OD of acetaminophen is at an unknown time, when should N-acetylcysteine be given? (3 criteria)

A
  • If more than 150 mg/kg OD
  • Serum concentration is above 10 micrograms/mL
  • Lab evidence of hepatic damage
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41
Q

A h/o intussusception is a contraindication to what vaccine?

A

Rotavirus

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42
Q

What is the defect in homocystinuria, and what are the manifestations of this?

A
  • Defect in cystathionine or methionine synthesis, leading to accumulation of homocysteine.
  • Causes MR, FTT, osteoporosis, megaloblastic anemia, lens dislocation, and hypercoagulable state
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43
Q

If a child has significantly underdeveloped or absent lymphoid tissue, what disease process should be suspected?

A

SCID

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44
Q

What is the newborn screen for SCID?

A

T cell receptor excision circles

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45
Q

What molecule is classically elevated in sepsis?

A

Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1

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46
Q

What needs to be monitored with Rifampin use?

A

LFTs

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47
Q

What is the typical presentation of mastoiditis?

A

Erythematous, edematous area behind an auricle after a recent AOM. Drainage too.

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48
Q

Why do patients with 5alpha-reductase deficiency have ambiguous genitalia at birth, but at puberty develop a penis and testicles (more significantly)?

A

At puberty, there is upregulation of a second 5alpha-reductase isoform that finally provides the signal for virilization

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49
Q

Why is IGF-1 favored over GH for diagnosing GH deficiency?

A

GH is pulsatile and erratic, whereas IGF is more predictable

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50
Q

What is the first step in working up suspected precocious puberty?

A

Bone age scan

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51
Q

If a bone age scan is normal in the workup of suspected precocious puberty, what should be done? What if abnormal?

A 
Normal = just follow as it is unlikely true puberty
Abnormal = FSH/LH levels as this is likely pathologic
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52
Q

What are the presenting s/sx of Gaucher’s disease? (5)

A
  • SGA
  • Anemia
  • Thrombocytopenia
  • Ostalgia
  • HSM
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53
Q

What is the classic bx finding of Gaucher’s disease? What is the enzymatic deficiency?

A
  • Crinkled paper macrophages

- Glucocerebrosidase

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54
Q

What disease is characterized by a deficiency of alpha-galactosidase?

A

Fabry’s disease

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55
Q

What disease is characterized by a deficiency of arylsulfatase A?

A

Metachromatic leukodystriophy

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56
Q

What are the characteristic histological findings of Tuberous sclerosis?

A

Epithelioid cells, adipocytes, and blood vessels

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57
Q

What are the histological characteristics of Wilms tumors?

A

Abortive tubules and glomeruli

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58
Q

What are the histological characteristics of renal cell carcinoma?

A

Atypical polygonal cells with clear cytoplasm

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59
Q

What are the histologic characteristics of cardiac rhabdomyomas?

A

Cardiomyocytes with surrounding fibrosis

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60
Q

What are the clinical symptoms of GERD in a child under 1 year?

A
  • Postprandial regurgitation
  • Esophagitis (arching back, irritability)
  • FTT
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61
Q

What is the treatment for GERD under 1 year?

A
  • Small, frequent feedings
  • upright position when eating
  • Thickened feeds
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62
Q

What is the genetic defect in Chediak-Higashi syndrome?

A

Mutation in the LYST gene that encodes a protein needed for sorting of other proteins into endosomal compartments

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63
Q

What syndrome are pts with Chediak-Higashi syndrome prone to develop? What is the pathophys?

A
  • Hemophagocytic syndrome
  • Uncontrolled proliferation of activated histiocytes that secrete high amounts of cytokines.
  • Pancytopenia, high fever, lymphohistiocytic infiltration of liver, spleen and lymph
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64
Q

What are the diagnostic criteria for JRA (JIA)?

A

Persistent inflammation in 2+ joints for 6+ weeks

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65
Q

What extraarticular symptom are pts with JRA (JIA) at risk of developing?

A

Blindness from chronic, asymptomatic uveitis

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66
Q

What should children with JRA (JIA) be screened for?

A

Uveitis since it may lead to blindness

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67
Q

What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp (“cradle cap”)?

A

Topical emollients

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68
Q

What is the treatment for seborrheic dermatitis in locations other than the scalp?

A

Topical ketoconazole cream

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69
Q

What is the treatment for croup if the patient is in respiratory distress (that is not at risk for impending respiratory collapse)?

A

Nebulized racemic epi

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70
Q

What is the long term treatment for arrhythmias 2/2 ebstein abnormality?

A

Ablation

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71
Q

What is the test of choice to diagnose intestinal obstruction in the newborn? Why?

A

Upper GI series, since plain films are not sensitive or specific enough for possible malrotation

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72
Q

What are the s/sx of West syndrome (infantile spasms)?

A
  • Sudden, severe myoclonic convulsions of the entire body (lightning attack)
  • Nodding attack, (convulsions of the throat and neck flexors, causing the chin to jerk toward chest
  • Salaam/jackknife - Flexor spasms with rapid bending of the head and torso forward, with simultaneous raising and bending of the arms while partially drawing the hands together in front of the chest and/or flailing
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73
Q

What are the classic EEG findings of infantile spasms (West syndrome)?

A

Hypsarrhythmia

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74
Q

Down syndrome is associated with what hematologic malignancy?

A

ALL

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75
Q

Chickenpox over what age increases the risk for complications, and thus necessitates treatment? What is the treatment?

A

13

Acyclovir

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76
Q

What is Landau-Kleffner syndrome?

A

Rare neurologic syndrome, characterized by the sudden or gradual development of aphasia and an abnormal EEG. LKS affects Broca’s area and Wernicke’s area. The disorder usually occurs in children between the ages of 3 and 7 years.

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77
Q

Is listeria gram negative or positive?

A

Positive

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78
Q

What is the most common cause of painless hematochezia in children?

A

Meckel’s diverticulum

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79
Q

What is the most common cause of death in pts with DMD?

A

Dilated cardiomyopathy

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80
Q

What are the relative complement levels in IgA nephropathy? Why?

A

Normal

C3 does not bind IgA

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81
Q

What are the restricted movement in pts with Legg-Calve-Perthes disease?

A

Restricted internal rotation and abduction of the leg

82
Q

What are the characteristics of the rash in JRA (JIA), and how can you differentiate them from other etiologies?

A
  • Macular salmon colored rash
  • ACtivated by heat
  • Triggered by fevers
  • Found in warm areas of the body
83
Q

What are the classic AXR findings of intussusception?

A
  • Donut sign

- Paucity of air in the RUQ

84
Q

What is the treatment for intussusception?

A

Reduction by Ba or gas enema under fluoroscopy

85
Q

Which vaccines are made with eggs?

A
  • Yellow fever
  • MMR
  • Some Flu
  • Rabies
86
Q

What are the fontanelle findings with bacterial meningitis?

A

Full, but not bulging.

87
Q

What gene is responsible for Rett syndrome, and which chromosome is it on?

A

MECP2

X linked

88
Q

Loss of milestones and hand wringing in a young female child = ?

A

Rett syndrome

89
Q

What complication can acyclovir prevent in children?

A

Varicella pneumonia

90
Q

What is the treatment for x-linked (Bruton’s) agammaglobulinemia?

A

IVIG

91
Q

When is bone marrow transplant indicated for x-linker (Bruton’s) agammaglobulinemia?

A

Not indicated yet.

92
Q

What is a major complication of a supracondylar elbow fracture in peds? Why?

A

Compartment syndrome of the forearm

Because the brachial artery runs along the humerus,

93
Q

What is Volkmann’s contracture?

A

Chronic, painful contracture of the flexors of the forearm, from necrosis of the muscles. Caused by compartment syndrome, or disruption of the brachial artery

94
Q

How long does physiologic jaundice take to resolve? How high are bili levels?

A

Resolves by 5th day

Elevated to around 7-9 mg/dL of unconjugated bili

95
Q

Persistent, indirect hyperbilirubinemia beyond what timeframe suggests a different etiology beyond physiologic jaundice of the newborn?

A

2 weeks

96
Q

What marker is expressed in all choriocarcinomas of the testicle?

A

beta-hCG

97
Q

What testicular cancer(s) has/have elevations in AFP?

A
  • teratomas
  • Teratocarcinomas
  • embryonal cell tumors
98
Q

What renal disease are patients with tuberous sclerosis at increased risk of developing?

A

Renal angiomyolipomas

99
Q

Patients with von Hippel-Lindau disease have what neurologic tumors?

A

Hemangioblastomas

100
Q

What is sturge weber syndrome?

A

a rare congenital neurological and skin disorder. It is one of the phakomatoses and is often associated with port-wine stains of the face, glaucoma, seizures, mental retardation, and ipsilateral leptomeningeal angioma (cerebral malformations and tumors). Sturge Weber Syndrome can be classified into three different types

101
Q

What tumors are seen with sturge weber syndrome?

A

Leptomeningeal angiomas

102
Q

What is the role of indomethacin in PDAs? Prostaglandins?

A

Indomethacin closes it.

Prostaglandin E2 maintains it.

103
Q

What are the s/sx of a large, symptomatic PDA, besides the characteristic murmur?

A

CHF with no response to supplemental oxygen
FTT
Recurrent LRIs

104
Q

What is the classic presentation of bacterial tracheitis?

A

Brassy cough, high fever, and possible respiratory distress in a patient with a recent URI.

105
Q

What is the most common infectious agent responsible for bacterial tracheitis?

A

Staph Aureus

106
Q

What is the treatment for acute rheumatic fever?

A

Prednisone burst and long term oral abx for prophylaxis, regardless if throat culture is positive or not.

107
Q

What major joint complication can arise from long term corticosteroid use?

A

Avascular necrosis

108
Q

Why are abx contraindicated in the treatment of infant botulism?

A

Increase the release of the toxin in the intestines

109
Q

What retinal findings are associated with tuberous sclerosis?

A

Retinal hamartomas

110
Q

What are the components of the HAMARTOMASS mnemonic for the s/sx of tuberous sclerosis?

A
  • Hamartomas
  • Angiofibromas
  • Mitral regurg
  • Ash-leaf spots
  • Rhabdomyomas
  • Tuberous sclerosis
  • dOminant inheritance
  • MR
  • Angiomyolipoma
  • Seizures
  • Shagreen patches
111
Q

What neurocutaneous disorder is characterized by choroidal angiomas?

A

Sturge-weber syndrome

112
Q

How can neuroblastomas cause pancytopenia?

A

If infiltrate bone marrow

113
Q

What are the raccoon eyes seen in neuroblastomas?

A

Infiltration of the tumor around the orbits, causing a black-eye like appearance

114
Q

What are the newborn PE findings of Beckwith-Wiedemann syndrome?

A
  • Macrosomia
  • Macroglossia
  • Linear ear creases
  • Abdominal wall defects
  • Exophthalmos
  • Transient neonatal hypoglycemia

(think combination hypothyroidism and DM)

115
Q

What is the most sensitive test for diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip in a neonate or 6 mo infant?

A

US

116
Q

When does x-ray become the modality of choice for diagnosing developmental dysplasia of the hip?

A

6+ months

117
Q

What is the classic h/o infantile spasms?

A
  • Regression of motor development
  • Hypsarrhythmia on EEG
  • Flailing of extremities
118
Q

What is the most common pathogen implicated in AOM?

A

Strep pneumoniae

119
Q

What are the dermatologic findings of congenital syphilis?

A

Macular rash on palms and soles, (followed by desquamation) with jaundice

120
Q

Which CN in particular is affected with congenital syphilis?

A

CN VIII

121
Q

What is the reversal agent for tPA?

A

Aminocaproic acid

122
Q

What is the use of Fomepizole?

A

Ethylene glycol or methanol poisoning (blocks alcohol dehydrogenase)

123
Q

What is the antidote for anticholinergic toxicity?

A

Physostigmine

124
Q

What is the reversal agent for heparin?

A

Protamine sulfate

125
Q

What are the s/sx of NEC?

A
  • Absent BS
  • Distended abdomen
  • Guaiac-positive stools
126
Q

What are the classic AXR findings of NEC?

A

Pneumatosis intestinalis (bubbly appearance of gas within the bowel wall)

127
Q

What is the treatment for NEC?

A
  • NPO
  • Gastric decompression
  • TPN
  • ABX coverage (vanco, gentamicin, and clinda)
128
Q

What is the double track sign on AXR, and what does it indicate?

A

Two thin tracks of contrast material compressed between thickened pyloric mucosa found in pyloric stenosis

129
Q

What sort of history is suspicious for chronic granulomatous disease? (4)

A

Recurrent lymphadenitis
Multiple site osteomyelitis
Cutaneous abscesses
Recurrent infx with staph

130
Q

Which immunodeficiency is characterized by albinism? Why?

A

Chediak-Higashi syndrome (since lysosomes chemotaxis is impaired)

131
Q

What are the s/sx of Job syndrome?

A
  • Recurrent skin and pulmonary infections, generally bacterial.
  • Cold abscesses
132
Q

What are the long term complications from untreated developmental dysplasia of the hip?

A

OA
Avascular necrosis
Joint contracture

133
Q

What causes the trendelenburg gait with developmental dysplasia?

A

Shortened leg

134
Q

What are the s/sx of staph scalded skin syndrome?

A
  • High fever
  • erythematous rash
  • Extreme TTP
  • Circumoral erythema
  • Positive Nikolsky sign
135
Q

What is miliaria?

A

Small and itchy papular rash common in hot and humid conditions. Occurs when the sweat gland gets plugged 2/2 dead skin cells or by staph

136
Q

What are the manifestations of PKU?

A
  • Eczema
  • Fair hair and skin
  • Musty odor
137
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of PKU?

A

AR

138
Q

What is erythema toxicum neonatorum? Cause? Microscopic findings? When does it present? HOw does it present?

A

Benign, self limited idiopathic rash that appears in the first 48 hours of life. Presents like acne. Microscopic exam shows eosinophils

139
Q

What are the s/sx of Friedreich’s ataxia?

A
  • Ataxic gait
  • Reduced DTRs
  • Reduced proprioception
140
Q

What is the role of Fe in Friedreich’s ataxia?

A

Frataxin is responsible for mitochondrial Fe metabolism. The build up of Fe in the mitochondria of the dorsal columns causes degeneration

141
Q

What organs are affected with Friedreich’s ataxia? (3)

A
  • Cardiomyopathy
  • Pancreatic damage
  • DC/ML
142
Q

Ataxic gait, HCM, and impaired fasting BG in a teenager = ?

A

Friedreich’s ataxia

143
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of Friedreich’s ataxia? What is the nucleotide repeat?

A

AR

GAA

144
Q

What is the life expectancy of Friedreich’s ataxia?

A

30-40 years

145
Q

With what congenital anomaly is a circumcision contraindicated? Why?

A

Hypospadias

Skin needed to fix it

146
Q

True or false: there is an increased risk of UTIs in patients with hypospadias

A

False

147
Q

If testes have not descended by what age is orchiopexy indicated?

A

Between 6 months and 2 years

148
Q

When will most undescended testes descend by?

A

6 months

149
Q

What is the rash that is opposite of chickenpox in terms of evolution of the rash?

A

Smallpox has lesions all at the same stage

150
Q

What is caffeine used for in neonates?

A

Treating central apnea

151
Q

What is the first step in treating a meconium aspiration if the oropharynx is clear?

A

CPAP

152
Q

True or false: meconium aspiration is a clinical finding

A

True

153
Q

What is the effect of meconium on surfactant?

A

Deactivates it

154
Q

What are the indications for intubation with meconium aspiration?

A
  • s/sx resp distress
  • HR less than 100
  • Not responsive to CPAP
155
Q

What is the role of endotracheal suction in meconium aspiration?

A

No longer indicated

156
Q

What is the classic presentation of rubella infx?

A
  • Maculopapular rash that beings on the face, and spreads downwards, sparing the extremities
  • Arthralgias and f/c
157
Q

What is the LAD that is classically seen with rubella infection?

A

Posterior cervical and occipital

158
Q

What are the characteristics of the rash with Erythema infectiosum?

A
  • Erythematous malar rash with circumoral pallor

- Reticular rash spreading downward

159
Q

What are the imaging findings, besides lytic lesions, of osteomyelitis?

A

Displacement of deep muscle 2/2 deep tissue edema

160
Q

What is the treatment for osteomyelitis in sickle cell pts?

A

Nafcillin/oxacillin or cefazolin + cipro

161
Q

If a child with a HA gets an LP and subsequently lapses into a coma, what disease process should be suspected?

A

Brain tumor

162
Q

What is an Arnold-Chiari malformation? S/sx?

A
  • Congenital herniation of the cerebellar tonsils into the cervical canal.
  • Usually asymptomatic until adulthood, but HA with coughing or LOC with looking upwards
163
Q

What is a Dandy-Walker malformation? S/sx?

A

Cystic expansion of the 4th ventricle along with hydrocephalus
-This is apparent at birth with poor tone, poor coordination, seizures, and developmental delays

164
Q

What are the s/sx of coarctation of the aorta? Murmur characteristics

A

CP + SOB with exertion, and a systolic ejection murmur with radiation to the scapulae

165
Q

What is the single most important way to prevent vertical HIV transmission?

A

HAART therapy continuation during pregnancy

166
Q

Which chromosome is responsible for neurofibromatosis type 1? Type 2?

A 
1 = 17
2 = 22
167
Q

What is the classic EEG pattern for absence seizures?

A

Three-per-second spike and wave discharges

168
Q

What is the drug of choice for complex partial seizures?

A

Carbamazepine

169
Q

What is the progression of symptoms of Fe intoxication 2/2 tablet ingestion? (4)

A
  1. GI Phase (abdo pain, melena, n/v/d)
  2. Latent phase
  3. Shock and acidosis
  4. Liver insult and SBO
170
Q

What is the treatment for salicylate poisoning?

A

Sodium bicarb

171
Q

Down syndrome pts are at increased risk for which hematologic malignancy?

A

ALL

172
Q

What are serum C3 levels with poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis?

A

Low

173
Q

What is the appearance of poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis on bx?

A

Spike and dome appearance

174
Q

Is PDA a cyanotic or acyanotic disease?

A

Acyanotic

175
Q

What are the cells that give rise to neuroblastomas?

A

Neural crest cells (neuroectoderm)

176
Q

What are the classic CXR findings for bronchiolitis?

A

Hyperinflation and peribronchial thickening, without areas of consolidation

177
Q

What is the inheritance pattern of CF?

A

AR

178
Q

What are the immunoglobin findings associated with ataxia-telangiectasia?

A

Low LgE, absent IgA

179
Q

Where does the rash of Roseola usually begin?

A

Trunk, spreads to extremities

180
Q

Pts with Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome are predisposed to developing what cancer?

A

EBV associated lymphoma and other viral related malignancies

181
Q

What are the classic s/sx of Tay-Sach’s?

A

Normal development until 4-6 months of age

  • Cherry red macula
  • NO HSM
  • Increased startle response
182
Q

What is the MOA and use of pimozide?

A

antipsychotic used to treat tics of tourettes

183
Q

Meconium ileus suggests a diagnosis of what until proven otherwise?

A

CF

184
Q

DIC is a common complication of what hematologic malignancy?

A

APML

185
Q

When should infants have IVIG for varicella when exposed?

A
  • MOthers have s/sx within five days before, or two days after delivery
  • hospitalized prematures infants over 28 weeks
  • Less than 28 weeks gestational age premie
186
Q

What are the risks of exchange transfusion for hyperbilirubinemia?

A
  • Bleeding
  • Blood-borne infections
  • Electrolyte abnormalities
  • Coagulopathy
187
Q

What are the first s/sx of kernicterus?

A

High pitched cry
Lethargy
Poor feeding
Hypotonia

188
Q

Why are pts with CF predisposed to developing hyponatremia?

A

Excessive loss of NaCl in sweat

189
Q

A cyanotic infant that improves with crying is suspicious for what defect?

A

Choanal atresia

190
Q

In infants with Aortic stenosis, what symptom that can develop carries the worst prognosis?

A

dyspnea

191
Q

What neck finding may be present in an infant with GERD?

A

Chin up, neck turned

192
Q

How can you differentiate between primum and secundum ASDs?

A

Primum is d/t an endocardial cushion defect, as so will present with other valvular pathology

Secundum will be a an ASD alone, usually

193
Q

If a pt with Hirschsprung’s disease passes meconium within the first 48 hours without issue, and is not diagnosed what sequale can result?

A

Hypoproteinemia, FTT, and constipation

194
Q

What is the usual presentation of transposition of the great vessels?

A
  • Cyanosis
  • PDA
  • Egg shaped heart on CXR
195
Q

What is the murmur of persistent truncus arteriosus?

A

Early systolic click and holosystolic murmur best heard at the 3rd and 4th intercostals spaces, similar to VSD murmur

196
Q

What is the most common cause of croup?

A

Parainfluenza virus

197
Q

What are the classic CXR findings of NRDS?

A

Air bronchograms and diffuse ground glass opacities

198
Q

What are the classic CXR findings of persistent pHTN?

A

Clear with decreased markings

199
Q

What are the classic CXR findings of meconium aspiration?

A
  • Pneumothorax OR

- Patchy infiltrates, coarse streaking, hyperinflation

200
Q

What are the classic CXR findings of transient tachypnea of the newborn?

A

Perihilar streaking in the interlobular fissures of the chest

201
Q

What is the most common causative agent of pneumonia in an infant with CF? Adolescent?

A

Infant = staph aureus

Adolescent + = Pseudomonas

A2 (26 decks)

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