Peds Nutrition

Question 1

do infants have a caloric reserve?

Answer 1

no, they can’t go without eating and need constant source

Question 2

infant growth doubles by when

Answer 2

4-6 months

Question 3

infant weight triples by when

Answer 3

12 months

Question 4

infant length increases 50% by when

Answer 4

12 months

Question 5

when does adipose tissue distribution begin

Answer 5

after age 2

Question 6

when does growth slow after infancy

Answer 6

2-6 years, but is constant

Question 7

when do females overtake males in growth rate

Answer 7

middle childhood, 7-10 years

Question 8

adolescence growth ages

Answer 8

11-18, weight gain increases

Question 9

is growth a linear process

Answer 9

no

Question 10

how much of a neonates basal energy expenditure is used by their brain

Answer 10

50%, 10% of their body comp is brain

Question 11

define pediatric malnutrition

Answer 11

deficiencies or excess in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients or impaired nutrient utilization

Question 12

define failure to thrive

Answer 12

fall of 2 major percentiles
weight < 3-5th percentile

Question 13

3 causes of malnutrition

Answer 13

inadequate caloric intake
inadequate absorption
excessive energy expenditure

Question 14

caloric requirement (kcal/kg/day)

Answer 14

100-120+ infant
85-105 < 6 months
80-100 6-12 months
75-90 1-7 years
50-75 7-12 years
30-50 12-18 years

Question 15

reccomendation for exclusive breastfeeding

Answer 15

6 months

Question 16

how long can you breastfeed for

Answer 16

1-2 years, optimal is up to a year

Question 17

breast feeding advantages for baby

Answer 17

decreased infections risk
decreased immune diseases
psycological and cognitive adv
optimal nutrients

Question 18

breast feeding advantages for mother

Answer 18

decreased post partum bleeding
return to pre-pregannacy weight fast
decreased risk breast/ovarian cancer
better bond

Question 19

how many kcal in milk

Answer 19

20 kcal/oz

Question 20

what is breast milk made out of mostly

Answer 20

water

Question 21

contraindications to breastfeeding

Answer 21

drugs
TB
HIV drugs
illicit drugs
Ebola

Question 22

drugs to avoid while breastfeeding

Answer 22

immunosuppressants
chemo
radioactive agents
antihistamines
decongestants

Question 23

what kinds of drugs are likely to be absorbed by infants from breast milk (6 characteristics)

Answer 23

non ionized
small molecular weight
low protein binding
high lipid solubility
long t 1/2
low Vd

Question 24

what kinds of drugs are NOT likely to be absorbed by infants from breast milk (6 characteristics)

Answer 24

ionized
high molecular weight
high protein binding
low lipid solubility
short t 1/2
high Vd

Question 25

high Vd drugs stay where

Answer 25

in the tissue, so they are not very present in breast milk

Question 26

formula feeding contraindications

Answer 26

infant milk intolerance
mother cant breastfeed
chemo
HIV or transmitable virus
infants failing to gain weight with it

Question 27

human milk fortifiers add what to milk

Answer 27

increase calorie by 22-28 kcal.oz

Question 28

how often do healthy infants feed

Answer 28

6-9 times per day
recommendation 8-12 times/day initially

Question 29

as infants get older what changes with feeding

Answer 29

decrease number and increase in ounces

Question 30

feeding schedule for newborn

Answer 30

every 2-4 hours
2 oz

Question 31

feeding schedule for 2-4 months

Answer 31

5-8 times per day
3-6 oz

Question 32

feeding schedule for 6-8 months

Answer 32

3-5 times per day
6-8 oz

Question 33

feeding schedule for 12 months

Answer 33

3-5 times per day
8 oz

Question 34

who should get cholcalciferol/D3

Answer 34

all breastfed babies

Question 35

400 IU of D3 is how many mcg

Answer 35

10 mcg

Question 36

breastfed infants D3 requirement

Answer 36

400 IU / 10mcg daily

Question 37

formula fed infants D3 requirement

Answer 37

200-400 IU daily until receiving 1000 mL/formula/day (30 oz)

Question 38

who should get iron supplementation

Answer 38

deficiency in iron
premature neonates

Question 39

do breastfed babies need iron?

Answer 39

no if they dont have a deficiency

Question 40

dose of iron for premature infants

Answer 40

2 mg/kg/day elemental

Question 41

dose of iron for iron def infants

Answer 41

3 mg/kg/day

Question 42

ferrous sulfate contains how much elemental iron

Answer 42

20%
75 mg/mL (15 mg elemental)

Question 43

zinc deficiency symptoms

Answer 43

dermatitis, diarrhea, infections, altered wound healing

Question 44

zinc sulfate is how much elemental

Answer 44

44 mg sulfate = 10 mg elemental

Question 45

who needs zinc supplementation

Answer 45

premature
prolonged exclusive breastfeeding after 6 months
parenteral nutrition
IBD
vegan/vegetarian
malnutrition

Question 46

when does initiation of complementary foods begin

Answer 46

6 months

Question 47

what to initiate first in complementary foods

Answer 47

single ingredient foods
1 every 4-5 days
increase serving size gradually
all food groups

Question 48

what should never be given to a child of < 1 year

Answer 48

honey
cows milk
choking hazards
allergens

Question 49

children fluid requirement

Answer 49

<10 kg: 100 mL/kg
10-20 kg: 1000mL + 50 mL/kg over 10
>20 kg: 1500mL + 20 mL/kg over 20

Question 50

failure to thrive patients use what weight for calories goal

Answer 50

50th percentile