Peds Nutrition Flashcards
do infants have a caloric reserve?
no, they can’t go without eating and need constant source
infant growth doubles by when
4-6 months
infant weight triples by when
12 months
infant length increases 50% by when
12 months
when does adipose tissue distribution begin
after age 2
when does growth slow after infancy
2-6 years, but is constant
when do females overtake males in growth rate
middle childhood, 7-10 years
adolescence growth ages
11-18, weight gain increases
is growth a linear process
no
how much of a neonates basal energy expenditure is used by their brain
50%, 10% of their body comp is brain
define pediatric malnutrition
deficiencies or excess in nutrient intake, imbalance of essential nutrients or impaired nutrient utilization
define failure to thrive
fall of 2 major percentiles
weight < 3-5th percentile
3 causes of malnutrition
inadequate caloric intake
inadequate absorption
excessive energy expenditure
caloric requirement (kcal/kg/day)
100-120+ infant
85-105 < 6 months
80-100 6-12 months
75-90 1-7 years
50-75 7-12 years
30-50 12-18 years
reccomendation for exclusive breastfeeding
6 months
how long can you breastfeed for
1-2 years, optimal is up to a year
breast feeding advantages for baby
decreased infections risk
decreased immune diseases
psycological and cognitive adv
optimal nutrients
breast feeding advantages for mother
decreased post partum bleeding
return to pre-pregannacy weight fast
decreased risk breast/ovarian cancer
better bond
how many kcal in milk
20 kcal/oz
what is breast milk made out of mostly
water
contraindications to breastfeeding
drugs
TB
HIV drugs
illicit drugs
Ebola
drugs to avoid while breastfeeding
immunosuppressants
chemo
radioactive agents
antihistamines
decongestants
what kinds of drugs are likely to be absorbed by infants from breast milk (6 characteristics)
non ionized
small molecular weight
low protein binding
high lipid solubility
long t 1/2
low Vd
what kinds of drugs are NOT likely to be absorbed by infants from breast milk (6 characteristics)
ionized
high molecular weight
high protein binding
low lipid solubility
short t 1/2
high Vd
high Vd drugs stay where
in the tissue, so they are not very present in breast milk
formula feeding contraindications
infant milk intolerance
mother cant breastfeed
chemo
HIV or transmitable virus
infants failing to gain weight with it
human milk fortifiers add what to milk
increase calorie by 22-28 kcal.oz
how often do healthy infants feed
6-9 times per day
recommendation 8-12 times/day initially
as infants get older what changes with feeding
decrease number and increase in ounces
feeding schedule for newborn
every 2-4 hours
2 oz
feeding schedule for 2-4 months
5-8 times per day
3-6 oz
feeding schedule for 6-8 months
3-5 times per day
6-8 oz
feeding schedule for 12 months
3-5 times per day
8 oz
who should get cholcalciferol/D3
all breastfed babies
400 IU of D3 is how many mcg
10 mcg
breastfed infants D3 requirement
400 IU / 10mcg daily
formula fed infants D3 requirement
200-400 IU daily until receiving 1000 mL/formula/day (30 oz)
who should get iron supplementation
deficiency in iron
premature neonates
do breastfed babies need iron?
no if they dont have a deficiency
dose of iron for premature infants
2 mg/kg/day elemental
dose of iron for iron def infants
3 mg/kg/day
ferrous sulfate contains how much elemental iron
20%
75 mg/mL (15 mg elemental)
zinc deficiency symptoms
dermatitis, diarrhea, infections, altered wound healing
zinc sulfate is how much elemental
44 mg sulfate = 10 mg elemental
who needs zinc supplementation
premature
prolonged exclusive breastfeeding after 6 months
parenteral nutrition
IBD
vegan/vegetarian
malnutrition
when does initiation of complementary foods begin
6 months
what to initiate first in complementary foods
single ingredient foods
1 every 4-5 days
increase serving size gradually
all food groups
what should never be given to a child of < 1 year
honey
cows milk
choking hazards
allergens
children fluid requirement
<10 kg: 100 mL/kg
10-20 kg: 1000mL + 50 mL/kg over 10
>20 kg: 1500mL + 20 mL/kg over 20
failure to thrive patients use what weight for calories goal
50th percentile
