Cancer Mabe Flashcards
cancer median age of dx
67 years
T/F: Cancer mortality is falling
True
what is a neoplasm? malignant or non?
new growth, malignant or non
what is a tumor? malignant or non?
lump or swelling, malignant or non
what is cancer?
any malignant neoplasm
what is hyperplasia?
increase in organ or tissue size, increase in # of cells
what is a metaplasia?
substitution of one type of adult tissue to another, adaptive
what is a dysplasia?
loss of normal architecture from an abnormal proliferation of cells (rapid growth)
what is an anaplasia?
loss of structural differentiation, cells going to an earlier phase
anaplasia commonly happens in what
tumors
malignant neoplasm of squamous epithelial cell origin?
carcinoma
what is a benign carcinoma called
papilloma
malignant neoplasm derived from glandular tissue
adenocarcinoma
what is a benign adenocarcinoma
adenoma
colorectal cancer is a form of what
adenocarcinoma
malignnat neoplasm of bone, muscle, fat
sarcoma
malignant neoplasm of blood tissue
lymphoma / leukemia
cancer of melanocytes in skin or eye
melanoma
malignancies in precursor cells, common in children
blastoma
germ cell neoplasm made of several differentiated cells
teratoma
leukemia types
myeloid and lymphocytic
leukemia is a cancer of what types of blood cells?
white
TNM staging : T
primary tumor - somewhere not in lymph node
number = size
TNM staging: N
lymph node number
TNM staging: M
distant metastasis
abnormal cells only present in the layer they were developed in
in situ
cancer only in organ it began in
localized
cancer spread beyond primary site to nearby nodes tissues or organs
regional
numerical staging of cancer (0-IV) stage 0
no sign of local invasion
numerical staging of cancer I
microscopic invasion
numerical staging of cancer II and III
II - 4-9 lymph nodes
III - 10+ lymph nodes
numerical staging of cancer stage IV
distant metastases
tumor grade is ____
description assigned by pathologist
well differentiated means
resembles normal tissue
G1
well differentiated (low grade)
G2
moderately differentiated (intermediate grade)
G3
poorly differentiated (high grade)
G4
undifferentiated (high grade)
three characteristics of cancer
uncontrolled cell growth
tissue invasion
metastasis
T/F: growth of the primary tumor is life threatening
no usually primary not lethal it’s when it moves out
what is a proto-oncogene?
a gene that could be capable of causing cancer but is healthy right now
what is an oncogene?
mutated form of proto-oncogene that could cause cancer
ex. RSV encodes v-Src an oncogene
what is a tumor suppressor?
regulated cell division and growth, could be genetic
ex. RB-1 in retinoblastoma
what is the 2 hit hypothesis
in retinoblastoma, if homozygous for RB-1 will get it and if heterozygous increased risk for family history
RB-1 is a _____
tumor suppressor