Peds - Neurology Flashcards
hydrocephalus
increased accumulation of CSF, increases ICP, cause by: tumor, hemorrhage, infection, congenital
VP shunt
shunt that drain extra CSF from brain to abdomen, can then be excreted as urine
cerebral palsy
damage to immature brain, most often before birth; causes disorder in movement, muscle tone, and posture
cerebral palsy S&S
stiff muscle, spasticity, ataxia, tremors, speech delays, dysphagia, difficulty speaking, excessive drooling, delayed motor skills, intellectual disabilities, delayed growth
cerebral palsy tx
no cure, symptom management
anticonvulsants for seizures, muscle relaxants for spasticity, PT/OT/SLP for growth and development
low ___________ can impair neural tube development
folic acid intake
spina bifida
failure of the vertebrae to close with protrusion of neural tube contents
meningocele
closed spina bifida; protrusion of spinal fluid filled meninges through a vertebral defect
myelomeningocele
open spina bifida; protrusion of spinal fluid filled meninges and the spinal cord through a vertebral defect
spina bifida S&S
sacral dimple or tuft of hair, developmental delay, speech delay, intellectual disability, impaired coordination, paralysis is possible and more common if defect is locate higher on the spine
spina bifida tx
Surgery
preop: cover sac with moist, warm, sterile dressing, no diapering if defect is low, prophylactic abx, prone positioning
postop: remain prone until surgical site is healed, family teaching
microcephaly
head circumference smaller than normal, brain did not develop properly or stopped growing; caused by genetic abnormalities, drug/ETOH use during pregnancy, virus during pregnancy
microcephaly S&S
impaired cognitive development, delayed motor function, delayed speech development, facial distortion, dwarfism, hyperactivity, seizures
microcephaly tx
decrease impact of neurological complications: PT, OT, SLP, control seizures with medications
