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NCLEX > Endocrine > Flashcards

Endocrine Flashcards

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1
Q

Addison’s disease is

A

not enough steroids

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2
Q

Addison’s S&S

A

fatigue, weight loss, hypoglycemia, confusion, hypotension, hyponatremia, fluid volume deficit, hyperkalemic, decreased sex hormones

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3
Q

Adrenal crisis S&S

A

extreme fatigue, dehydration, fever, hypotension, renal shut down, increase K+, decrease Na

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4
Q

Cushing’s disease is

A

too much steroids

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5
Q

Cushing’s S&S

A

thinning hair, facial flush, buffalo hump (fat pads), easy bruising, trunk obesity (redistribution of fat), thin extremities, retaining fluid, htn, weight gain, puffy face (moon face)

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6
Q

hypothalamus releases

A

thyroid releasing hormone (TRH)
corticotropic releasing hormone (CRH)

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7
Q

pituitary gland releases

A

thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)
oxytocin
antidiuretic hormone (ADH, vasopressin)

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8
Q

adrenal glands release

A

steroids; glucocorticoids and mineralcorticoids

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9
Q

pancreas releases

A

insulin
glucagon

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10
Q

thyroid gland releases

A

T3 and T4

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11
Q

Conn’s disease

A

tumor on adrenal gland causing excess secretion of aldosterone

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12
Q

difference between Cushing’s and Conn’s

A

Cushing’s is too many steroids (gluco-, mineral-, sex hormones) Conn’s is just too much aldosterone

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13
Q

Pheochromocytoma

A

tumor on adrenal
gland causing too many catecholamine release (epi and norepi)

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14
Q

in pheochromocytoma we do not palpate the __________ because _____________

A

abdomen; would cause catecholamines to be released causing an increase in BP and HR

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15
Q

Pheochromocytoma S&S

A

tachycardia, palpitations, htn, diaphoresis, abdominal pain, chest pain, severe headache

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16
Q

Too much antidiuretic hormone causes

A

syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone (SIADH)

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17
Q

not enough antidiuretic hormone causes

A

diabetes insipidus (DI)

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18
Q

DI S&S

A

hypotension, tachycardia, headaches, muscle cramps, dilute urine, dry eyes, weight loss

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19
Q

SIADH S&S

A

euvolemic, decreased urine output, GI upset, low sodium

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20
Q

why does the body stay euvolemic in SIADH

A

the body is retaining too much water that the kidneys recognize this and begin to help regulate volume this maintains the client has euvolemic instead of becoming hypervolemic… key in diagnosing this condition

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21
Q

not enough thyroid hormones

A

hypothyroidism

22
Q

too many thyroid hormones

A

hyperthyroidism or Grave’s disease

23
Q

too much TSH -> _______ T3 and T4 -> _______thyroidism

A

low; hypo

24
Q

not enough TSH-> _____ T3 and T4 _______ thyroidism

A

high; hyper

25
Q

Hypothyroidism S&S

A

slow HR, weight gain, loss of appetite, hair loss, dry skin, constipation, enlarged thyroid, intolerable to cold, fatigue

26
Q

Grave’s disease

A

autoimmune disease with antibodies attacking the thyroid causing hypothyroidism

27
Q

Grave’s S&S

A

sweating, exophthalmos, tachycardia, arrhythmia, headache, weight loss, emotional instability, tremor, muscle weakness, n/v, hyperactive GI, goiter

28
Q

thyroid storm S&S

A

very high fever, very high hr (200bpm), palpitations, chest pain, SOB

29
Q

too much parathyroid hormone

A

hyperparathyroidism

30
Q

not enough parathyroid hormone

A

hypoparathyroidism

31
Q

hypoparathyroidism = low calcium which causes S&S

A

excitable; tachy, tremors, seizures, etc

32
Q

hyperparathyroidism = high calcium = S&S

A

sedative effects

33
Q

not enough insulin =

A

diabetes type I or II

34
Q

too much insulin =

A

hypoglycemia

35
Q

insulin enters blood from ______ and glucose enters blood from ______

A

pancreas; GI tract

36
Q

no insulin means glucose channel is ______ and this leads to

A

closed; glucose not being able to enter cells and stays in the blood stream causing an increase in blood glucose

37
Q

enough insulin means glucose channel is ______ and leads to

A

open; glucose being able to enter the cell maintaining appropriate blood glucose

38
Q

Type I S&S

A

hungry, thirsty, tired because cells do not have enough energy, weight loss because cells do not get enough energy due to glucose channel not being open, blurred vision, increased urine output

39
Q

DM type I

A

autoimmune disease, body has destroyed beta cells of pancreas that produce insulin leaving little to no insulin in the body causing very high blood glucose levels in body. no glucose can get into the cells

40
Q

DKA

A

blood becomes hypertonic and is an acute exacerbation of type I DM. Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia. Because cells don’t have glucose for energy they break down proteins and fats causing ketones to be produced

41
Q

DKA causes _____ (ABG) causing S&S

A

metabolic acidosis; kussmaul resporations blowing off CO2, high potassium, thirsty, GI upset, SOB, fatigue

42
Q

3 Ps of diabetes progressing to DKA

A

polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

43
Q

DM type II

A

not enough insulin, insulin resistance or bad insulin. Body is not making enough insulin to keep up with glucose.

44
Q

DM type II S&S

A

over weight for longer period of time (pancreas no longer able to keep up), blurred vision, frequent urination, excessive thirst, slow wound healing, fatigue, recurrent infections, numbness and tingling in extremities

45
Q

Hyperglycemic Hyperosmolar Syndrome (HHS)

A

Exacerbation of type II DM. high BGL, blood becomes hyperosmolar, kidneys produce more time due to hyperosmolarity of blood, no ketones, symptoms begin over days to weeks (vs hours for DKA)

46
Q

Hypoglycemia S&S

A

Tachycardia
Irritability
Restlessness
Excessive hunger
Diaphoresis

Cold and clammy = need a candy

47
Q

DKA vs HHS

A

DKA: type one, ketones, acidotic, onset with hours

HHS: type two, no ketones, no acidosis, onset days to weeks

48
Q

hypoglycemia treatment 15s rule

A

15 grams of carbs -> check BG in 15 min -> still low? give another 15g carbs and repeat process

49
Q

after BG rises it is important to give

A

snack with complex carb and protein to keep the BG up

50
Q

if hypoglycemic pt unconscious?

A

IV access push D50W

No iv access? give IM glucagon

NCLEX (23 decks)

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