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NCLEX > Electrolytes and fluids > Flashcards

Electrolytes and fluids Flashcards

1
Q

hypocalcemia

A

Convulsions
Arrhythmias
Tetany
Spasms

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2
Q

hypercalcemia

A

Decrease GI (n/v, hypoactive, decreased peristalsis, constipation, kidney stones)
Fatigue, decreased LOC
Bradycardia, cyanosis
Weakness, decreased DTRs

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3
Q

hypokalemia

A

Lethargy
Low shallow respirations
Limp muscles
Lethal dysrhythmias
Leg cramps
Lots of urine output

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4
Q

hyperkalemia

A

Muscle cramps
Urine abnormalities
Respiratory distress
Decreased cardiac contractility
EKG changes
Reflexes depressed / absent DTRs

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5
Q

hypomagnesiemia

A
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6
Q

hypermagnesemia

A
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7
Q

hyponatremia

A

LOC altered
Orthotic hypotension
Weak muscles

Seizures
Osmolality low (serum)
Diarrhea
Increased ICP
Urine osmolality high
More bowel sounds

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8
Q

hypernatremia

A

Fever
Restlessness and agitation
Increases fluid retention
Edema: peripheral and putting
Dry mouth

Skin flushed
Altered LOC and confusion
Low urinary output
Thirst
Elevated BP
Decreased energy

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9
Q

hypochloremia

A

same as hyponatremia

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10
Q

hyperchloremia

A

same as hypernatremia

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11
Q

hypophosphatemia

A

hypercalcemia symptoms

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12
Q

hyperphosphatemia

A

hypocalcemia symptoms

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13
Q

isotonic

A
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14
Q

hypertonic

A
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15
Q

hypotonic

A
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16
Q

hyperkalemia prominent ecg change

A

tall, peaked t waves

17
Q

hypokalemia prominent ecg change

18
Q

hypermagnesemia prominent ecg change

A

prolonged PR, wide QRS, tall T wave

similar to hyperkalemia but T wave is not peaked just tall

19
Q

hypomagnesemia prominent ecg change and F risk for

A

long QT interval

at risk for vtach and torsade de pointes

20
Q

hypercalcemia prominent ecg change and at risk for

A

shortened QT interval

at risk for bradycardia and v fib

21
Q

hypocalcemia prominent ecg change and at risk for

A

lengthened QT interval

at risk for v tach

22
Q

chloride is directly related to ________ and _______

A

sodium and potassium

23
Q

Hyperkalemia Management

A

Calcium IV
Remove sources of K+
Increased K+ secretion (diuretics, Kayexalate)
Enhance K+ uptake into cells (D5W + regular insulin, albuterol, sodium bicarbonate)
Dialysis

24
Q

Calcium has an inverse relationship with _________

A

phosphorous

25
Q

as calcium decreases phosphate _______

26
Q

as calcium increases phosphate ______

27
Q

hypoparathyroidism -> ____calcemia -> _____phospahtemia

A

hypocalcemia -> hyperphosphatemia

28
Q

hyperparathyroidism -> _____calcemia -> ____phospahetmia

A

hypercalcemia -> hypophosphatemia

NCLEX (23 decks)

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