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NCLEX > Oncology > Flashcards

Oncology Flashcards

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1
Q

cancer stage 1

A

early stage - small, invasive mass or tumor identified; no spread to lymph nodes or other tissues

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2
Q

cancer stage 2

A

localized stage - tumor cells begin to spread to nearby tissue, mass may have grown in size, spread to lymph nodes near the mass

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3
Q

cancer stage 3

A

regional spread - cancer affects more surrounding tissue, mass may have grown in size, spread to lymph nodes away from the mass

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4
Q

cancer stage 4

A

distant spread - has spread to other tissues/organs beyond initial location, sometimes called advanced or metastatic cancer

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5
Q

benign

A

non cancerous

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6
Q

malignant

A

cancerous

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7
Q

blasts

A

immature WBCs

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8
Q

lymphoid

A

tissue that makes lymphocytes

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9
Q

myeloid

A

tissue of the bone marrow

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10
Q

lymphoma

A

arises from lymphoid tissue

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11
Q

myeloma

A

arises from myeloid tissue

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12
Q

carcinoma

A

arises from the surface or epithelium

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13
Q

sarcoma

A

arises from the connective tissues

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14
Q

chemotherapy

A

causes immunosuppression as it kills cancer cells it also destroys health cells, prevents cancer from metastasizing

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15
Q

chemotherapy SE

A

anemia/fatigue, thrombocytopenia/bleeding risk, neutropenia/immunosuppresion/high infection risk, GI upset/loss of appetite/nausea and vomiting

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16
Q

radiation

A

high energy directed at cancer cells to shrink and kill them, more localized than chemo, external or internal (brachytherapy, body may give off radiation for short amount of time)

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17
Q

Neutropenic precautions

A

strict handwashing before client care, no sick visitors or staff, no fresh produce or flowers, private room closed door, no live vaccines, avoid invasive procedures, limit visitation

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18
Q

leukemia

A

cancer of the blood, progressive disease in which the bone marrow produces increase numbers of immature or abnormal WBCs, this suppresses the production of normal blood cells leading to anemia and other S&S

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19
Q

Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)

A

immature cells of body is producing too many lymphoid cells, most common leukemia and is treatable

20
Q

acute myelogenous leukemia

A

immature cells of body is producing to many myeloid cells, poor outcomes, less common

21
Q

leukemis S&S

A

weight loss, fatigue, bleeding

fever, infections, arthralgia, pallor, bruising

22
Q

leukemia SE of tx

A

infection, bleeding, weight loss

n/v, loss of appetite, ulcers, alopecia

23
Q

Lymphoma

A

cancer of lymphatic system, impairs body’s natural immune response, Hodgkins and non Hodgkins

24
Q

Hodgkin’s Lymphoma

A

localized single group of nodes, Reed-Sternberg cells are present, Extranodal involvement not common

25
Q

Non-hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

multiple lymph nodes are involved, NO Reed-sternberg cells present, most common type of lymphoma

26
Q

Lymphoma S&S

A

painless swelling of lymphnodes and night sweats

fatigue, fever, infections, weight loss, enlarged liver or spleen

27
Q

Lung cancer S&S

A

hemoptysis

wheezing, cough, SOB, difficulty swallowing

28
Q

cancer of esophagus

A

chest pain and dysphagia, facilitiated by chronic inflammation and dysplasia caused by gastroesophageal reflux and long term exposure to irritants such as alcohol

29
Q

breast cancer

A

most common cancer in women, age 55+ at higher risk and menopause

30
Q

breast cancer S&S

A

painless lump in breast or underarm, flattening or indentation on breast, change in size/color/texture of breast, pitted surface like skin of an orange, change in nipple, unusual discharge from nipple

31
Q

tamoxifen

A

hormone therapy that blocks estrogen from attaching to cancer cell which slows cancer growth down, used commonly in breast cancer in women

32
Q

prostate cancer dx and S&S

A

PSA blood test, digital rectal exams, slow start of urinary stream, dribbling of urine after stream, slow urinary stream, urinary retention, straining while urinating, blood in urine, bone pain (often in low back and pelvis)

33
Q

testicular cancer S&S

A

testicular discomfort, heaviness in scrotum, lower abd pain, enlargement of testicle, change in way testicle feels, gynecomastia (excessive development of breast tissue), lump or swelling in testicle

34
Q

squamous cell carcinoma

A

very top layer of epidermis grows out of control, form on areas of body expose to sun (face, ears, neck), can be removed

35
Q

basal cell carcinoma

A

most common type of skin cancer, starts in bottom layer of epidermis (basal layer), slow growing, rarely spread, removal, laser, radiation, chemo to treat

36
Q

melanoma

A

melanocytes grow out of control, less common and more dangerous and it can spread easily, appears dark brown or black, surgery, chemo, radiation, immunotherapy to treat

37
Q

Wilms Tumor

A

Seen in peds, kidney tumor an type of nephroblastoma

38
Q

Wilms tumore S&S

A

swelling or palpable mass on abdomen, abd pain, dx with U/S or CT, labs to check kidney function and biopsy may be done

39
Q

Wilms tumor tx

A

surgery, chemo, radiation - will depend on tumor staging and will be determined through imaging assessment

40
Q

most common pediatric cancer is

A

ALL

41
Q

ALL S&S peds

A

abnormal CBC, decrease hmg and hmc and platelets, varying WBC counts, abnormal bleeding, weight loss, abdominal swelling, enlarged lymph nodes, bone or joint pain, positive bone marrow biopsy

42
Q

ALL Tx and Interventions

A

infection prevention, platelet transfusions (decrease bleeding risk), dietary support, chemo, stem cell or bone marrow transplant, clinical trials

43
Q

tumor lysis syndrome

A

oncologic emergency!! many cancer cells die in short period releasing their contents into blood stream -> hyperkalemia, hyperuricemia, hyperphosphatemia, hypocalcemia

44
Q

Superior vena cava syndrome

A

tumor presses on SVC and blood cannot drain from upper body

45
Q

SVC syndrome S&S

A

FACIAL PLETHORA, headache, blurry vision, non pulsatile distended neck veins, distention of thoracic veins, glossitis, dyspnea, upper extremity edema

NCLEX (23 decks)

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