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NCLEX > Mental Health > Flashcards

Mental Health Flashcards

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1
Q

Benzodiazepines

A

“pam” and “lam”; antianxiety, anticonvulsant, and sedation; avoid alcohol on these, monitor for resp depression; short acting (midaz), intermediate (clonazepam an lorazepam), long acting (diazepam)

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2
Q

Benzodiazepine antidote

A

flumazenil

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3
Q

Antidepressant classes

A

SSRIs, TCAs, MAOIs

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4
Q

SSRIs common medications

A

fluoxetine, sertraline, escitalopram

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5
Q

SSRIs

A

antidepressants, prevent reuptake of serotonin increasing its availability in the body

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6
Q

SSRI nursing considerations

A

first line, monitor for serotonin syndrome, suicide precautions are important for 2-3 weeks

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7
Q

Serotonin syndrome

A

htn, confusion, anxiety, tremors, ataxia, sweating

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8
Q

TCAs

A

“-triptyline”; antidepressants, prevents reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin increasing these neurotransmitters in the body

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9
Q

TCAs side effects

A

Tachycardia
Cardiac effects (arrhythmias, prolonged QT intervals)
Anticholinergic effects
Sedation/sexual dysfunction

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10
Q

MAOIs common meds

A

isocarboxazid, phenelzine

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11
Q

MAOIs

A

antidepressant, blocks levels of all neurotransmitters (dopamine, norepi, epi, serotonin)

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12
Q

MAOIs nursing considerations

A

avoid foods high in tyramine - aged cheeses, wine, pickled meats; can cause a hypertensive crisis

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13
Q

Lithium

A

mood stabilizer, inhibits dopamine and glutamate, need to monitor drug levels as it has a narrow therapeutic range, used in manic phase of bipolar disorder

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14
Q

Lithium cannot be administered with

A

NSAIDs

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15
Q

Lithium side effects of toxicity

A

seizures, arrhythmias, fatigue, confusion, nausea, anorexia, hypothyroidism, tremors

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16
Q

First generation antipsychotic

A

Haloperidol; inhibits effects of dopamine

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17
Q

first generation antipsychotic nursing considerations

A

monitor for extrapyramidal side effects, tardive dyskinesia, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, can prolong QT interval, contraindicated in pregnancy

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18
Q

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)

A

brain stimulation therapy that passes an electric current through the brain and induces a brief seizure, is a highly effective treatment for psychiatric disorders

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19
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

extrapyramidal side effect of first generation antipsychotics; ticks, tremors, lip smacking, sticking out tongue, grimacing - repetitive involuntary movements

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20
Q

neuroleptic malignant syndrome

A

extrapyramidal side effect of first generation antipsychotics; high fever, altered mental status, confused, muscle rigidity

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21
Q

ECT pt teaching

A

short term memory loss is normal, typically 6-12 treatments, may need maintenance treatments following

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22
Q

ECT indications

A

severe depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, mania

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23
Q

repression

A

unconscious suppression of unwanted thoughts or information from consciousness; unable to recall experiences/traumatic events

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24
Q

denial

A

ignoring or refusing to acknowledge unacceptable realities

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25
Q

projection

A

attributing one’s own feelings, thoughts, behaviours, or motives to others

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26
Q

displacement

A

redirecting feelings to a safer, substitute object

27
Q

regression

A

reverting to behaviors from an earlier stage of development in response to extreme stress

28
Q

sublimation

A

channeling negative emotions or socially acceptable behavior

29
Q

Anxiety

A

body’s natural response to stress, can be normal but is concerning if chronic and in response to normal life activities

30
Q

GAD symptoms

A

excessive worry, fatigue, irritability, muscle aches/soreness, restlessness, impaired concentration, difficulty sleeping

31
Q

GAD management

A

ensure safe environment, reduce stimuli, monitor for self harm, establish trust, encourage expression of thoughts, rationalize their thoughts, determine triggers, antianxiety agents in severe cases

32
Q

depression

A

state of low mood, aversion to activity, affects their thoughts, behaviours, and feelings

33
Q

depression S&S

A

feelings of worthlessness/anger/inappropriate guilt/hopelessness, withdrawal from friends and family, poor concentration, changes in appetite, sleep problems, decreased energy, thoughts of death/suicide, drug/alcohol abuse, unintentional weight loss

34
Q

depression management

A

nutrition/hydration, sleep, safe environment, assess risk for self harm, express feelings, validate frustration and sadness, get moving, ADLs

35
Q

bipolar disorder

A

mood disorder where there is difficulty regulating extreme emotions, periods of mania, periods of depression, and inability to self-regulate these emotions

36
Q

bipolar mania signs

A

extremely high energy, grandiose levels of self-esteem, loud rapid speech, very little need for sleep, engaging in risky behaviours

37
Q

bipolar depression signs

A

feelings of lethargy both physically and mentally, sense of personal worthlessness, eating too much or too little, overwhelming sadness, suicidal ideations

38
Q

bipolar disorder management

A

physiological needs (provide high calorie food they can eat on the go), safe environment, therapeutic communication, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers

39
Q

PTSD

A

develops after exposure to a life-threatening or traumatic experience, recurring thoughts (flashbacks, nightmares), structural changes in brain

40
Q

PTSD management

A

avoid triggers, adequate sleep, psychotherapy, SSRIs

41
Q

for diagnosis of clinical depression symptoms need to present for

A

2 weeks or longer and is affecting ADLs

42
Q

schizophrenia

A

long term mental disorder involving a breakdown in the relation between thought, emotion, behaviour; faulty perception, inappropriate actions and feelings, withdrawal from reality and relationships, sense of mental fragmentation

43
Q

schizophrenia diagnosis

A

strong genetic predisposition, brain imaging shows enlargement of ventricles, reduced volume of thalamus, reduced volume of frontal lobe, abnormalities in dopamine and glutamate neurochemicals

44
Q

schizophrenia S&S

A

negative: decrease emotional range (flat effect), decrease interest/drive in life, decrease inertia and initiative

positive: hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, bizarre behavior

45
Q

schizophrenia managament

A

safe environment, decrease stimulation, are auditory hallucinations telling them to do something?, therapeutic communication, ask about delusion to understand what they are experiencing, do not argue about delusion or hallucination, set limits, medications such as haloperidol

46
Q

Obsessive compulsive disorder

A

irrational obsessions and ritualized acts, obsessions: belief that negative outcome will occur if a specific act is not performed, impairs normal functioning (relationships, job performance, academic success)

47
Q

OCD management

A

safety (harmful compulsions?), therapeutic communication, identify triggers, psychotherapy (CBT, exposure/response), SSRIs

48
Q

Personality Disorders

A

Cluster A: paranoid, schizoid, schizotypical
Cluster B: antisocial, borderline, histrionic, narcissistic
Cluster C: avoidant, dependent, obsessive compulsive

49
Q

paranoid personality disorder

A

distrustful towards others, hostile

50
Q

schizoid personality disorder

A

emotionally aloof, anhedonia

51
Q

schizotypical personality disorder

A

bizarre behavior, magical thinking

52
Q

antisocial personality disorder

A

lacks empathy for others, manipulative, selfish, fails to conform to societal norms, very deceptive

53
Q

borderline personality disorder

A

splitting, craves attention, risk of self harm, depression, poor self image, unstable relationships

54
Q

histrionic personality disorder

A

attention seeking, inappropriate clothing, seductive, provocative

55
Q

avoidant personality disorder

A

avoids social situations because of self image, feels inadequate, lacks support systems

56
Q

dependent personality disorder

A

struggles to make decisions, relies on others

57
Q

anorexia nervosa S&S

A

distorted body image and low self esteem, restricts or avoids food and denies hunger, extreme fear of weight gain, excessive compulsive exercise, frequent dieting and obsession with calories, not maintaining a healthy weight, rituals around eating

58
Q

anorexia nervosa assessment findings

A

low body temp, bradycardia, hypotension, cyanosis, hormonal and electrolyte imbalances, sleep disturbances, bone degeneration, amenorrhea, lanugo, GI upset

59
Q

Anorexia nervosa management

A

physiological needs (body temp, HR, imbalances), ensure safety (self harm), therapeutic communication, establish rapport, validate feelings, no judgement, explore triggers, make plan to avoid triggers and what to do when triggered

60
Q

bulimia nervosa S&S

A

consuming food in binge-episodes, purging food after eating, shame anxiety or guilty about eating, fixation with body weight, use of medications (diuretics, laxatives), excessive exercise

61
Q

bulimia nervosa assessment findings

A

labile mood, helplessness, purging via vomiting (esophageal varices, tooth enamel break down, Russel’s signs (skin breakdown on knuckles of hands)

62
Q

Bulimia management

A

physiological needs (varices, electrolyte imbalances, dehydration), safe environment, therapeutic communication, validate feelings, help identify triggers and avoid

63
Q
A

NCLEX (23 decks)

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