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NBCOT Exam > Peds II > Flashcards

Peds II Flashcards

1
Q

Atrial Septal deficits

A

“wet lungs” to much blood sent to the lungs. Can lead to respiratory infection and poor exercise tolerance.

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2
Q

Ventricular septal deficits

A

Feeding difficulties, shortness of breath, increased respiratory infections, fatigue and delayed growth can occur

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3
Q

dyspnea

A

labored breathing; shortness of breath

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4
Q

Tetralogy of Fallot - Decrease pulmonary blood flow

A

Symptoms - central cyanosis, coagulation defects, clubbing of fingers/toes, feeding difficulties, dyspnea

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5
Q

central cyanosis

A

blue/purple color of skin due to low oxygen saturation

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6
Q

coagulation defects

A

problem with the body’s blood clotting process

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7
Q

OT treatment for kids w/congenital heart defects are

A
  • compromised endurance
  • paced activities
  • education of family in health maintenance (diet, exercise)
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8
Q

comorbid condition

A

one or more additional disorders/diseases co-occurring

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9
Q

Bradydysrhythmia

A

abnormal slow heart rate (less than 60 beats/min

may need a pacemaker

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10
Q

atrioventricular block

A

impairment between the atria and ventricles of the heart

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11
Q

Tachydysrhythmia

A

abnormal fast heart rate at 200-300 beats/min

  • common in kids
  • can lead to congestive heart failure
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12
Q

pallor

A

pale color of the skin caused by illness, stress or anemia

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13
Q

anemia

A

decrease in the amount of red blood cells in the blood

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14
Q

Acute - Respiratory distress syndrome

A

common in preterm infants

many infants recover after a few days

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15
Q

Chronic - Bronchopulmonary dysplasia

A

due to prolonged use of a mechanical ventilation

  • airways thicken, formation of excess mucus and restricted alveolar
  • greater risk of respiratory infections
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16
Q

Chronic - Asthma

A

airway constriction in the lower respiratory tract

  • appear around age 5
  • inhalation of irritants trigger attacks
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17
Q

OT treatment of Asthma

A
  • Educate on exposure to irritants
  • self-management strategies like pacing/stress management
  • peer-group activities to reduce social isolation
  • breathing exercises, stretching, and controlled breathing to manage attacks
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18
Q

Chronic - Cystic Fibrosis (CF)

A
  • due to gene on chromosome 7
  • affects multiple systems (pancreatic duct, bronchial tree, digestive tract) due to thick secretions
  • chronic pulmonary disease can occur
  • May cause right side of the heart to be enlarged
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19
Q

OT Treatment - Cystic Fibrosis

A
  • Educate the client on the disease’s progression
  • Educate on energy conservation
  • Teach techniques to promote efficient breathing
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20
Q

Erythrocytosis

A

Too many red and white blood cells

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21
Q

Hemophilia

A

Absence or reduction of clotting blood proteins found mostly in men

  • longer bleeding times
  • three types

-signs are: excessive bleeding/bruising spontaneous bleeding and nosebleeds

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22
Q

Anemia

A
  • caused by iron deficiency

- treated through diet (iron rich foods)

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23
Q

Sickle Cell Anemia

A

abnormally shaped red blood cells

  • most common in african-americans
  • at risk for organ damage due to blocked blood flow
  • decreased energy for daily tasks
  • teach pain management
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24
Q

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI)

A

brittle bones

  • educate in handling and positioning to prevent fractures
  • wb monitoring activities
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25
Q

Marfan’s Syndrome

A

excessive growth at the ephipyseal plates

-walking may be delayed

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26
Q

Achondroplasia

A

stunting of ephiphyseal plate growth
the person may be 4 ft or less
-back and leg pain are common

27
Q

Arthrogryposis multiplex congential

A

incomplete contracture of many or all of the client’s joints

  • have still extremities and thickened knee/elbow joints
  • muscles are underdeveloped

-OT treatment - increase/maintain ROM and strength for ADLs, splinting and serial casting

28
Q

Congenital Clubfoot

A

Uni/bilateral forefoot adduction/supination

-Treatment - taping, casting, splinting

29
Q

Congential club hand

A

partial or full absence of the radius

-Treatment - Cashing, static/dynamic splinting

30
Q

Polydactyly

A

someone has excess of fingers/toes

31
Q

Syndactyly

A

Webbing occurs between the fingers/toes

splinting and scar reduction

32
Q

Bradydactyly

A

overly large digits

-May have issues with ADLs and fine motor skils

33
Q

Microdactyly

A

Overly small digits

34
Q

Amelia

A

absence of a limb or distal segment of a limb

35
Q

strain - soft tissue

A

trauma to the muscle or muscle-tendon insertion

36
Q

sprain - soft tissue

A

rapid swelling, heat, and impaired function to a ligament

37
Q

bruise - soft tissue (contusion)

A

impact into the subcutaneous tissue w/skin discoloration

38
Q

Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis (JRA)

A

Persistent arthritis in one or more joints

  • inflammation, stiffness, contractures, and change in growth patterns.
  • OT treatment - splinting, AROM/PROM, monitor joint function to prevent deformity, energy conservation, AE to lessen the stress of joints
39
Q

Fracture

A

A broken bone

40
Q

Complete Fracture

A

bone is broken all the way through

41
Q

Comminuted fracture

A

bone is broke into many splintered pieces

42
Q

Compound fracture

A

broken bone leads to an external wound w/bone protruding

43
Q

Epiphyseal Fracture

A

The break happens between the shaft and epiphysis

44
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

bone is partially broken and bent

-only in kids

45
Q

Intrauterine Fracture

A

bone is broken in utero

46
Q

Mild IQ between 55-70

A

Ability to learn academic skills at the third-seventh grade level able to work w/min support

47
Q

Moderate IQ between 40-55

A

Academic skills at the second grade level and able to perform unskilled as well as some skilled work tasks

48
Q

Severe IQ between 25-40

A

Able to communicate and perform some basic ADLs and health habits often needing support

49
Q

Profound IQ below 25

A

Requires caregiver assistance for basic tasks

50
Q

NDT Approach to Handwritting

A

-Good for kids w/poor postural control, poor automatic reactions and limited limb control, kids with tone issues and poor proximal stability.

  • Promote proximal joint stability
  • Improve hand function
51
Q

Acquisitional Approach to Handwiriting

A
  • Implemented in brief, daily lessons.
  • Individual to each child.
  • Cognitive phase: develop a cognitive strategy for the necessary motor movement.
  • Associate phase: Proprioceptive feedback and visual cues.
52
Q

Sensorimotor Approach to Handwriting

A

Various sensory experiences, media, and materials are incorporated.

-Multiple writing tools, writing surfaces, and positions for writing should be offered.

53
Q

Biomechanical approach to Handwriting

A
  • Ergonomic factors that influence writing production.

- Sitting posture, table suraces, paper position, pencil grip.

54
Q

Psychosocial approach to Handwriting

A
  • Improving self-control, coping skills, social behaviors.
  • Communicating the importance of good handwriting to the child.
  • Opportunities to enhance self-confidence are provided.
55
Q

What is Ayres Sensory Integration?

A

Proximal senses are emphasized; these senses are thought to dominate a child’s early life experiences.

  • vestibular
  • tactile
  • proprioceptive
56
Q

Neurologically based concerns concerning sensory integration is?

A
  • Optimal brain function is based on sensory input.

- A lack of sensory input at critical points in development may result in learning or behavioral disorders.

57
Q

Children seeking vestibular input may appear to be? (fail to orient to the stimuli/hyporesponsivity)

A

Reckless or risk takers; they may need a lot to get going.

58
Q

Children seeking proprioceptive input may try to get their needs by? (Fail to orient to stimuli/hyporesponsivitiy)

A

Engaging in rough housing and other activities that provide them with deep-pressure input or muscle resistance.

The kids may seek this type of input may be trying to regulate their experiences of touch or movement.

59
Q

Tactile Defensiveness (overorient to stimuli/hyperresponsivity)

A

extreme reaction to tactile input, light touch may be noxious, may be extrasensitive on their face, abdomen, and palmar surfaces of their hands.

60
Q

Gravitational insecurity (overorient to the stimuli/hyperresponsivity)

A

vestibular input, scared of movement and may move carefully and need their feet always on the ground.

61
Q

What is sensory discrimination problems?

A
  • difficulty making sense of, or interpreting, tactile input. Difficulty with visual-motor tasks and motor planning.
  • fine motor manipulation skills may be delayed.
62
Q

What is proprioception problems?

A

Not getting the information the kids need from their muscles and joints.

-Cognitive strategies can be used to help them compensate.

63
Q

What is vestibular-proprioceptive probems?

A

Poor bilateral coordination and difficulty sequencing actions.

(a child responding to a ball being kicked to them)

NBCOT Exam (21 decks)

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