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NBCOT Exam > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

Burn size on Adults

A

Rule of nines

head/neck - 9%
arm - 9% (you have two so 18%)
trunk - 18%
leg - 18% (you have two so 36%)
groin - 1%
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2
Q

Superficial (1st degree) burn

A

involves superficial epidermis

pain is min to mod

healing time is 3-7 days

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3
Q

Superficial partial-thickness (2nd degree) burn

A

upper epidermis and upper dermis layers

Pain is significant, wet blistering w/erythema

healing time is 1-3 weeks

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4
Q

erythema

A

redness of the skin or mucous membranes

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5
Q

Deep partial-thickness (deep 2nd-degree) burn

A

Involves the epidermis/deep dermis layers, hair follicles and sweat glands

  • Pain is severe - even to light touch
  • can turn into a full-thickness burn due to infection
  • Grafting may be considered to prevent infection
  • Impairment of sensation
  • Potential for hypertrophic scar
  • Healing time is 3-5 weeks
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6
Q

hypertrophic scar

A

excessive amounts of collagen which gives rise to a raised scar (over cut or burn)

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7
Q

Full-thickness (3rd-degree) burn

A

Involves epidermis/dermis, hair follicles, sweat glands, and nerve endings

-Pain free! -No sensation to touch!

Burn is pale w/no blanching

Requires skin graft!

Hypertrophic scarring is high!

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8
Q

Blanching

A

when you touch your skin near a burn a white spot means you have good circulation

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9
Q

Subdermal Burn

A

Full-thickness burn to tissue, fat, muscles and bone

-charring is present, destruction of nerve

Peripheral nerve damage

Needs surgical intervention for wound closure/amputation

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10
Q

escharotomy

A

surgical incision into the burn tissue to relieve pressure on extremities

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11
Q

homograft

A

human cadaver graft (temporarily)

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12
Q

heterograft

A

pig skin graft (temporarily)

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13
Q

Autograft

A

Own skin (permanent)

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14
Q

Cultured epithelial autografts (CEA)

A

own skin is grown and then grafted (permanent)

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15
Q

OT Intervention: Splinting in antideformity positions

A
  • Intrinsic plus for hands
  • Opposite client’s posture
  • Generally in extension for neck, elbows and knees
  • Shoulder in abduction
  • Hip in extension
  • Anti-frog leg and anti-foot drop for lower extremity
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16
Q

OT Interventions - Acute Phase

A

ROM, muscle strength and pain

-Splinting, positioning in antideformity positions, edema management

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17
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Neck

A

Netural to slight extension

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18
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Chest and Abdomen

A

Trunk extension, shoulder retraction

19
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Axilla (armpit)

A

Shoulder abduction to 90 degree, external rotation

20
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Elbow

A

Extension

21
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Forearm

A

Neutral to supination

22
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Dorsal Wrist

A

Wrist in neutral to 30 degree extension

23
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Volar Wrist

A

Wrist in 30-45 degrees extension

24
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Hand

A

Metacarpal extension, 70 degrees flexion, interphalangeal extension, thumb abducted and extended

25
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Hip

A

10-15 abduction, neutral extension

26
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Knee

A

Extension; w/anterior burn, slight flexion

27
Q

Anticontracture Positioning: Ankle

A

Neutral to 5 degrees dorsiflexion

28
Q

Anticontracture Positioning

A

Is critical because the position of greatest comfort is usually the position of contracture

29
Q

How long do you wait until you can do passive/active ROM w/exposed tendons or recent grafts

A

5-7 days

30
Q

How long should you wait after pain meds have been given?

A

30 minutes

31
Q

Heterotopic Ossification

A

Formation of bones in abnormal areas.

  • Loss of ROM is rapid
  • Use AROM exercise within the pain-free range to preserve as much joint movement as possible
32
Q

For edema measurement in the hand using a volumeter should be avoided because?

A

All wounds in the hand should be closed first

33
Q

Are silastic gel sheeting used on open wounds?

A

NO

34
Q

What are silastic gel sheeting used for?

A

Temporary use in the management of both old and new hypertrophic scars or keloid scars

35
Q

Pressure garment purpose

A

To provide pressure at the burn sight to decrease scarring and help circulation so less swelling is observed and to decrease a risk of infection

36
Q

How often a day should you wear your pressure garment

A

24 hours a day and remove for washing

37
Q

What is the initial skin treatment?

A

moist gauze wraps

38
Q

How long do patients wear gauze wraps?

A

Depends on skin healing. Some pts may need to wear the gauze for 2-3 weeks…

39
Q

What do you place on the skin that has adequately healed?

A

Xeroform

40
Q

What is xeroform?

A

Is placed on any small burn that has the potential for cracking or bleeding. This is placed on the area under the pts tubigrip

41
Q

What is tubigrip?

A

Helps to decrease swelling, prevent keloid scarring, decrease pain to sensitivity to the air, and to prepare the skin for a custom-made Jobst compression garment

42
Q

keloid scarring

A

firm, rubbery lesions or shiny, fibrous nodules

43
Q

What does a Jobst compression garment do?

A

Provide additional pressure and therefore serve to further decrease swelling, pain, scarring, skin sensitivity and remodeling of skin.

44
Q

Order of garments for burn pts

A

wet gauze wraps
tubigrip
Jobst compression garment

NBCOT Exam (21 decks)

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