Diseases Flashcards
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
Difficulty maintaining normal muscle postures because of a lack of muscle coactivation and the development of abnormal compensatory movement patterns.
OT Interventions
- Using AE
- Maintain AROM/PROM
- Instruct on seating/positioning
- Constraint-induced movement therapy
Hemiplegia
Affects the upper and lower extremities on one side of the body
Quadraplegia
Affects the upper/lower extremities (all 4 limbs) on both sides of the body
Diplegia
Mild in both arms are affected while both legs affected more (top half vs. bottom half of body)
Athetosis
fluctuation of tone from low to normal w/little spasticity
Nystagmus
reflexive back-and-fourth movement of the eyes when the head moves
Muscular Dystrophies
Progressive degeneration and weakness of muscle groups.
Duchenne’s Muscular Dystrophy (DMD)
- only boys get this!
- difficulty going up/down stairs and getting up from lying down
OT Intervention
- ADLs
- Prevent deformity
- Work on strength & ROM
- AE
Congential Muscular Dystrophy (CMD)
generalized muscle weakness and contractures (floppy)
OT Interventions
- Increase mobility and prevent contractures
- Use AE and orthotics
Spina Bifida
Congential defect of the vertebral arches and spinal column.
OT Interventions
- Bowel/bladder programs
- Cognitive learning issues
- Educate on skin care, urology and diet
- AE for mobility
Peripheral Nerve Injury
Caused during birth as a result of the infant’s shoulders becoming impacted and stretching/tearing in the birth canal.
-weakness of the small muscles of the hands and sensory discrimination in the hand/arm
OT Intervention
- Fabricating a sling around the humerus to prevent subluxation
- PROM/AROM
- WB if strength improves
- Tactile stimulation
- Bilateral activities
- Massage for edema
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
Injury to the head
OT Intervention (Acute)
- Sensory stimulation
- ROM to maintain joint mobility
- Positioning can prevent skin breakdown
- Splinting for hand function
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)
- Impairment in social interaction, sensory/perceptual processing and communication skills.
- Communication may range from being nonverbal and reliant on picture exchange systems or not picking up on others’ nonverbal cues.
OT Intervention
- Sensory integrative therapy
- Structured & specialized education programs
- Visual support (picture checklists, communication boards)
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) - Issues w/sensory, cognition, motor and communication
Sensory
-Over/under responsive to stimuli
Cognition
- Difficulty w/empathy
- Acute sense for detail (missing the bigger picture)
- Upset by changes
Motor Skills
-Poor motor planning
Communication
- Difficulty using variation in their pitch, emphasis or rhythm of speech
- Difficulty using speech in social situations
ADHD
A behavioral disorder w/unknown causes
-Difficulty with: paying attention to details, keeping attention, listening to instructions, organization, tasks w/sustained attention, fidgeting or excessive talking.
OT Intervention
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Behavior modification
- Social skills training
- Modifying environment
- Enhance sensory modulation
Tourette’s Syndrome
Involuntary purposeless movements, tics and incoherent grunts
Down Syndrome
Intellectual disabilities
OT Intervention
- Feeding
- Environmental/task modification
- Family coaching/training
Cri du chat Syndrome
Weak and catlike cry in infancy
-hypotonia, feeding and respiratory problems
Klinefelter’s Syndrome
Boys have an extra X chromosome
-learning disabilities, emotional/behavioral disabilities
Prader-Willi Syndrome
Moderate intellectual disabilities, food-seeking behaviors, hypotonia
Williams Syndrome
Cerebral and cardiovascular abnormalities, intellectual disabilities
