Neurological Impairments

Question 1

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)

Answer 1

damage to the brain by an external force

Question 2

Decorticate rigidity

Answer 2

UE are in spastic flexed position w/internal rotation and adduction.

LE are in spastic extended position, internally rotated, and adducted

Question 3

Decerebrate rigidity

Answer 3

UE/LE are in spastic extension adduction, and internal rotation. Wrist/fingers flex while plantar portions of the feet flex/invert, the trunk extends and the head retracts.

Question 4

ataxia

Answer 4

abnormal movement resulting from cerebellum damage

Question 5

Client’s w/abnormal tone or posturing should…

Answer 5

lay on their side or semiprone to help normalize tone/provide sensory input.

Question 6

Ataxia - OT Intervention

Answer 6

compensatory strategies for control such as weighting body parts

• hand-over-hand exercise
• follow steps/pictures or words on a note card

Question 7

Feeding TBI - OT Intervention

Answer 7

• isolated/quiet room to prevent distraction

- rocker knife, plate guard, non-spill mug

Question 8

Spinal Cord Injury (SCI)

Answer 8

results from trauma to the spinal cord

Question 9

myelomeningocele

Answer 9

birth defect caused when the backbone and spinal canal do not close before birth

Question 10

syringomyelia

Answer 10

growing cyst in spinal cord

Question 11

Incomplete lesion

Answer 11

involve a number of neurological segments and sensorimotor function may be partially or completely intact.

Question 12

Complete lesion

Answer 12

in the absence of motor/sensory function below the level of injury

Question 13

SCI - OT Interventions

Answer 13

Acute Phase
-positioning/splinting=prevent deformity and loss of motor function

Active Phase

• sitting upright in chair to develop sitting tolerance
• Performing AROM/PROM and resistive exercises
• Performing ADLs

AE

• Universal cuff for eating/grooming/writing/typing
• Wrist-cockup splint for pts w/little wrist extension
• plate guard, cup holder, extended straw facilitate feeding
• wash mitt, soap holder, soap on a rope for bathing

Question 14

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) - Stroke

Answer 14

neurological dysfunction caused by a lesion in the brain

Symptoms

• trunk/postural control
• fall risk
• limits functional activity
• dependence for ADLs
• impairment in standing, WB, weight shifting, stepping activities
• communication impairment

Question 15

Transient ischemic attacks (TIA)

Answer 15

result from vascular disease in the brain and may be mild, either single or multiple. (ministrokes)

Question 16

A left CVA produces a…

Answer 16

right hemiplegia

Question 17

A right CVA produces a….

Answer 17

left hemiplegia

Question 18

global aphasia

Answer 18

loss of all language ability

Question 19

Broca’s aphasia

Answer 19

broken speech, slow labored speech

Question 20

Wernicke’s aphasia/Receptive aphasia

Answer 20

impaired auditory reception, speech may be fluent but is often meaningless/nonsensical

Question 21

Anomic aphasia

Answer 21

difficulty finding words

Question 22

Dysarthria

Answer 22

articulation disorder resulting from paralysis of the organs of speech

Question 23

spatial relations/positioning

Answer 23

difficulty perceiving distance/object placement

Question 24

spatial neglect

Answer 24

inability to recognize stimuli in a particular area of the environment

Question 25

Body neglect

Answer 25

spatial neglect of the pts own body

Question 26

motor apraxia

Answer 26

difficulty completing planned movements

Question 27

ideational apraxia

Answer 27

difficulty conceptualizing planned, multistep movements

Question 28

figure-ground

Answer 28

difficulty differentiating an object from its natural background

Question 29

visual agnosia

Answer 29

difficulty recognizing objects