Peds- hematologic or immunologic dysfunction Flashcards
RBCs
- Live for 120 days then are broken down in the spleen, liver, and bone marrow
- Iron recovered from old RBCs are used to make new ones
RBC primary function
The transportation of hemoglobin–> oxygen to all the cells in the body
2 factors that spur RBC production
- Regulated by kidney producing erythropoietic-stimulating factor (ESF).
- Affected by tissue oxygenation (i.e. children with cyanotic heart disease)
Anemia
Exists when RBC is low
-Ex- children with kidney disease have decreased levels of decreased ESF
Polycythemia
RBC count is high
-occurs in children with cyanotic congenital heart disease as the result of tissue hypoxia.
WBCs
Regulation is determined by need. Tissue damage from bacterial or viral agents promotes the circulation of the cells
WBC: agranulocytes
- Lymphocytes- involved in the immunity process. Count will be increased in many infections and decreased w/children with immune deficiency.
- Monocytes- found in chronic conditions
WBC: granulocytes
- Neutrophils- seen in acute inflammation. Increased in bacterial infections and inflammatory processes.
- PMN-polymorphonuclear leukocyte may see this on gram stain indicates level of infection.
- Bands-immature neutrophils that are present in overwhelming bacterial infections
- Eosinophil- Allergic reactions, will decrease with corticosteroids.
- Basophils- present during healing phase of inflammation or prolonged inflammation
Platelets
Used to stop bleeding by forming a plug. Made in bone marrow and stored in spleen. Regulated by the hormone throbopoientin. Life span= 8-10 days
Thrombocytopenia
Decreased platelets from a bleeding disorder.
Intrinsic pathway
- From factors realized by plasma.
- PTT measures abnormalities or for those pts on heparin
Extrinsic pathway
- Factors released by the injured tissue
- PT measures abnormalities or for those pts on warfarin.
Immunity
The ability of the body to recognize self from non-self and to eliminate foreign substances. It responds by producing antibodies which are proteins that react to the foreign substances (non-self) called antigens that trigger the response.
Acquired immunity
Consists of the humoral and cell-mediated immunity; it is not fully developed until about age 6.
Natural immunity
Defenses the infant has present at birth such as intact skin, body pH, natural antibodies from the mother, and inflammatory and phagocytic properties.
