Nursing 370 Exam 2

Question 1

Mesocortical

Answer 1

Negative Symptoms, cognitive deficits, attention deficits

Question 2

Mesolimbi

Answer 2

Positive symptoms- hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech, bizarre behavior

Question 3

Turberoinfundibular

Answer 3

Endocrine function, temp. control, sexual arousal, circadian rhythms

Question 4

Nigrostriatal

Answer 4

EPS, NMS, Tardive dyskinesia

Question 5

Positive symptoms

Answer 5

delusions, hallucinations, though disorder, disorganized speech, bizarre behavior, inappropriate affect

Question 6

Negative symptoms

Answer 6

affective flattening, alogia, avoilition, attentional deficit, asociality

Question 7

Cognitive symptoms

Answer 7

attention, memory, executive functions- problem solving

Question 8

Mood symptoms

Answer 8

Dysphoria, suicidality hopelessness

Question 9

Clanging

Answer 9

Mode of speech characterized by association of words based upon sound rather than concepts. Ex- rhyming or alliteration without apparent logical connection between words

Question 10

Echolalia

Answer 10

is the automatic repetition of vocalizations made by another person.

Question 11

Self-reference

Answer 11

occurs in natural or formal languages when a sentence, idea or formula refers to itself.

Question 12

Neologisms

Answer 12

the introduction or use of new words or new senses of existing words.

Question 13

Derailment

Answer 13

Thought disorder symptom marked by interruptions to thought and jumping from one though to another disconnected thought

Question 14

Poverty of content

Answer 14

Speech that lacks meaning, or where speech quantity is far greater than necessary for the message conveyed.

Question 15

Word approximations

Answer 15

a speech disruption wherein traditional words are utilized in untraditional or improper
manners as in metonymy, or new but comprehensible words are compiled out of ordinary words.

Question 16

Catatonic schizophrenia

Answer 16

like a wax doll, rare, Catatonic schizophrenia includes episodes of behavior at extreme opposite ends of the spectrum. You may seem like you’re in coma-like daze — unable to speak, move or respond — or you may talk and behave in a bizarre, hyperactive way.

Question 17

Disorganized

Answer 17

more severe, Disorganized schizophrenia is marked by thoughts, speech and behavior that are inappropriate and don’t make sense.People with disorganized-type schizophrenia may laugh inappropriately for no apparent reason, make illogical statements, or seem preoccupied with their own thoughts or perceptions. Their disorganized behavior may disrupt normal activities, such as showering, dressing,and preparing meals.

Question 18

Undifferentiated

Answer 18

The undifferentiated subtype is diagnosed when people have symptoms of schizophrenia that are not sufficiently formed or specific enough to permit classification of the illness into one of the other subtypes.

Question 19

Residual

Answer 19

is characterized by a past history of at least one episode of schizophrenia, but the person currently has no “positive” symptoms (such as delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, or behavior). It may represent a transition between a full-blown episode and complete remission, or it may continue for years without any further psychotic episodes.

Question 20

Alogia

Answer 20

The inability to speak because of mental deficiency, mental confusion, or aphasia

Question 21

Asociality

Answer 21

Refers to lack of motivation to engage in social interaction or a preference for solitary activities.

Question 22

anhedonia

Answer 22

Defined as the inability to experience pleasure from activities usually found enjoyable

Question 23

Avolition

Answer 23

Psychological state characterized by general lack of drive, or motivation to pursue meaningful goals. A person may show little participation in work or have little interest in socializing.

Question 24

Movement problems are more common in…

Answer 24

FGA’s

Question 25

Weight gain is more common with…

Answer 25

SGA’s

Question 26

Acute dystonia

Answer 26

neurological movement disorder, in which sustained muscle contractions cause twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal postures.

Question 27

Akathisia

Answer 27

a syndrome characterized by unpleasant sensations of inner restlessness that manifests itself with an inability to sit still or remain motionless.

Question 28

Tardive dyskinesia

Answer 28

a disorder that involves involuntary movements, especially of the lower face.

Question 29

Alzheimers is mutations of chromosomes…

Answer 29

1,14,21

Question 30

Norepinephrine is responsible for…..

Answer 30

sustaining and focusing attention, mediating energy, motivation, and interest.

Question 31

Dopamine mediates…..

Answer 31

cognitive functions such as verbal fluency, learning, executive functioning, sustaining and focusing attention, and modulating behavior based on social cues.

Question 32

Apraxia

Answer 32

unable to carry out motor activities despite intact motor functions

Question 33

Agnosia

Answer 33

failure to recognize objects despite intact sensory functions

Question 34

results from a series of small strokes or changes in the brain’s blood supply. Blood clots block small blood vessels and destroy brain tissue. The strokes interfere with the function of daily activities and cause memory problems and slurred speech. The location in the brain where a stroke occurs may account for the seriousness of the problem and symptoms. Sudden symptoms may be a sign of this dementia. It is not reversible and there is no cure.

Answer 34

Vascular Dementia

Question 35

An irreversible form of dementia associated with abnormal protein deposits in the brain called Lewy bodies. Symptoms are similar to AD however, predominate features include visual hallucinations 40-75% of patients (vs.> 5-20% in AD) and parkinsonian features.

Answer 35

Lewy Body Dementia

Question 36

FTD, previously called Picks disease is a rare form of dementia that is clinically similar to AD. FTD affects the frontal and temporal lobes of the brain. One of the most characteristic pathologic change is an accumulation of Tau Protein. In FTD, tau protein becomes abnormal and aggregates into tangles. This disrupts normal cell process and ultimately leads to death. Onset can be early 50-60’s and present with personality changes, disinhibition, loss of judgment and language disturbances –(some are mute by late stage)

Answer 36

Frontotemporal Dementia (FTD)

Question 37

A memory disorder which is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B1, also called thiamine. The most common cause is related to long term abuse of alcohol.

Answer 37

Korasakoff Syndrome

Question 38

A human prion disease whose symptoms include memory and behavioral problems and a loss of coordination. The disease progresses rapidly along with progressive deterioration and death within a year.

Answer 38

Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disease, Classic