OB quiz 1 Flashcards
Pregnancy lasts….
40 weeks/280 days
Nagele’s rule
Calculate the due date, you subtract 3 months and add 7 days (from the first day of the last menstrual period).
Most critical time in the development of the organ systems and the main external features.
Development of the embryo
Chorion
Becomes the fetal side of the placenta and contains the major umbilical blood vessels that branch out over the placenta
Amnion and amniotic cavity
Amnion becomes the covering of the umbilical cord and covers the chorion on the fetal surface of the placenta
Amniotic fluid
- helps maintain constant body temperature
- cushions fetus from trauma
- Allows freedom of movement for development of musculoskeletal system
- Keeps the fetus from getting entangled in the membranes
- And serves as a source of fluid and a repository for waste.
Umbilical cord
contains 3 vessles
2 arteries
1 vein
Wharton jelly covers it and protects it from compression
Placenta is completed by week…
12
Functions of the placenta
- Metabolic exchange-respiration, nutrition, excretion and storage.
- Drugs can cross the placenta and harm fetus.
- some viruses can cross the placenta
- Only 1 cell layer separates the fetal blood from maternal blood.
- Mom can be Rh negative and baby Rh positive, mom develops antibodies.
hCG can be detected in how many days?
7-10.
progesterone
Maintains the endometrium, decreases the contractibility of the uterus, stimulates maternal metabolism and development of breast alveoli.
Estrogen (Estriol)
Stimulates uterine growth and uteroplacental circulation, causes proliferation of breast tissue, stimulates uterine contractions.
Viability
Capability of fetus to survive outside uterus. Limitations based on CNS function and oxygenation capability of lungs. About 22-24 weeks.
Lungs are considered to be mature at…
35 weeks gestation, when L/S ration reaches 2:1
Fetal hemoglobin
20-30%
Gravida
woman who is pregnant
Gravidity
Pregnancy
multigravida
Woman who has had two or more pregnancies
Multipara
Woman who has completed two or more pregnancies to stage of fetal viability
Nulligravida
Woman who has never been pregnant
Nullipara
Woman who has not completed a pregnancy with fetus who has reached viability
Parity
of pregnancies in which fetus or fetuses have reached viability, not # of fetuses (e.g. twins) born. Whether fetus is born alive or is stillborn after viability is reached does not affect parity.
Postterm
Pregnancy that goes beyond 42 weeks of gestation.
Pre term
Pregnancy that has reached 20 weeks but before completion of 37 weeks.
Primigravida
Women pregnant for first time
Primipara
Woman who has completed one pregnancy with fetus or fetuses who have reached stage of fetal viablity
Term
pregnancy from beginning week of 38 to end of week 42
Presumptive signs of pregnancy
Amenorrhea, N/V, urinary frequency, fatigue, quickening
Probably signs of pregnancy
Goodell sign, chadwick sign, hegar sign, + pregnancy test, braxton-hicks contractions, ballottement
Positive signs of pregnancy
Ultrasound visualization of fetus, fetal heart tones, visualization of fetus via X-ray, fetal heart tones via doppler or fetal stethoscope, fetal movements felt by provider or fetal movements visible by provider.
Breast adaptations
Fullness,heaviness, heightened sensitivity from tingling to sharp pain, areolae become more pigmented, colostrum, montgomery’s tubercles
General body adaptations
Increased BP, CO, & blood volume. Increased respirations and renal output. Difficulty sleeping, heartburn, backaches, nausea, term changes.
Low-birth weight
< 2500 g, 5.5 lbs
Poor folic acid intake may lead to…
Neural tube defects
Nutrition needs
Energy (calories), protein, calcium, iodine, zinc, the B vitamins, and vitamin C greater than non pregnant needs
Initial visit: interview
- Reason for seeking care
- Current pregnancy
- Obstetric and gynecologic history
- Medical history
- Nutritional history
- History of drug use and herbal preparations.
- Family hx
- Hx of abuse
- Review of systems
Ultrasonography
Fetal status & gestational age determination
Amniocentesis
Amniocentesis is a prenatal test in which a small amount of amniotic fluid is removed from the sac surrounding the fetus for testing, to check birth defects such as downs
Pica
Pt craves certain substances- chewing paper bags, frost in freezer, erasers, paste`
Hegar sign
softening of cervix
Chadwick
Bluing of the cervix
Ballottement
Put fingers in and can feel the head
Goodell sign
Softening of the cervical tip
Quickening
A flutter, fetal movement
Montgomery’s Tubercles
These are small goose bump like raised areas on the areola of your breast.
Five P’s:
Passenger (fetus and placenta) Passageway (birth canal) Powers (contractions) Position of mother Psychologic response
