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ABSN > Peds Exam II > Flashcards

Peds Exam II Flashcards

1
Q

Digoxin Therapeutic range:

A

0.8-2

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2
Q

S&S of digoxin toxicity

A

EARLY: vomitting

GI S&S: abdominal pain

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3
Q

Digoxin MOI:

A

decreases HR

increases CO

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4
Q

What do you have to check before administering Digoxin?

A

K+ level

apical pulse for 1 min

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5
Q

When should you NOT give Digoxin?

A

bradycardic

vomiting

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6
Q

What can increase Digoxin toxicity?

A

Low K+

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7
Q

Lasix MOI:

A

blocks reabsorption of sodium and water

Diuretic

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8
Q

Lasix considerations:

A

check chloride and potassium level - it’s a K wasting diuretic and can worsen digoxin toxicity

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9
Q

Expected urine output for all ages:

A

infant - 2mL/kg/hr
children - 0.5-1 mL/kg/hr
adults - 40-80 mL/hr

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10
Q

Which UTI gives fever and costovertebral angle pain (p! with kidney palp)

A

Pyelonephritis

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11
Q

S&S of acute vs chronic otitis media:

A

acute - hallmark is pulling at ear and inflammation

chronic - NO inflammation and fluid behind membrane

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12
Q

Prevention for otitis media:

A

avoid second hand smoke

YES:
breastfeeding
vaccinations
smaller daycare
avoid bottle propping
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13
Q

Range for amoxicillin for otitis media:

A

80-100 mg/kg/day

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14
Q

What are the INCREASED pulmonary blood flow defects?

A

VSD - most common
ASD
PDA
AV Canal

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15
Q

What are the DECREASED pulmonary blood flow defects?

A

Pulmonary Stenosis
Tetralogy of Fallot
Tricuspid + Pulmonary Atresia

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16
Q

S&S of increased vs decreased pulmonary blood flow:

A 
Increased: 
TACHYpnea
TACHYcardia
weight gain r/t edema 
sweating c minimal activity (with eating)
retractions 
Decreased: 
CYANOSIS
clubbing (chronic hypoxia)
hyper cyanotic spells ("tet spells")
Polycythemia (increased RBC)
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17
Q

Characteristics of increased vs decreased pulmonary blood flow defects:

A

increased:
blood shunt from left to right
kids are NOT cyanotic

decreased:
blood shunt from right to left
kids ARE cyanotic

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18
Q

Interventions for hyper cyanotic “tet” spells:

A

squat to improve blood flow

19
Q

What is the treatment for decreased pulmonary blood flow defects?

A

keep PDA open with prostaglandins until surgery

20
Q

What is the treatment for increased pulmonary blood flow defects?

A

conservatively tx with digoxin and diuretics until the defect closes - THEN surgery

21
Q

Post op care of a cardiac catheterization:

A

leg must be straight for 4-6 hours with NO movement (can apply sandbags)
assess dressing Q15min for bleeding for the first hour

22
Q

Etiology, S&S and tx of Infective endocarditis:

A

etiology: strep and staph
S&S: fever and CHF symptoms
Tx: antibiotics, maintain dental hygiene, potential surgery

23
Q

Etiology of Rheumatic fever:

A

etiology: beta hemolytic strep
S&S: nocturnal dyspnea (always cardiac, NOT respiratory), Jones criteria
Tx: Antibiotics
Anti-inflammatory meds

24
Q

Etiology of Kawasaki:

A

idiopathic
S&S: strawberry tongue, dry lips
Tx: IVIG for 10 days and Aspirin 100mg/kg/day

25
Q

Testicular torsion -

A

sudden severe pain
must have surgery within 6 hours
EMERGENCY

26
Q

Nursing management for GER vs. GERD

A

GER - long term H2 antagonists and PPIs

GERD - upper GI series, pH probe and thickened feedings with rice cereal

27
Q

Which glycemic crisis is rapid onset?

A

HYPO is rapid

HYPER is gradual

28
Q

S&S and tx of omphalocele vs. Gastroschisis:

A

Omphalocele - (sac) keep that sac intact by covering with moist, sterile gauze
Gastrochisis - (no sac) temperature regulation is #1

29
Q

Should you feed a baby with Omphalocele?

A

NO NO NO

30
Q

What is intrasusception? S&S and Tx?

A

telescoping of one part of the intestine into the other

S&S: abrupt pain, bilious emesis (green/yellow vomit), currant jelly stools (LATE), sausage mass in RUQ

Tx: air or barium enema

31
Q

How do you know if an air/barium enema worked?

A

if they pass a brown stool

32
Q

Bacterial/Viral/Allergic Conjuntivitis S&S:

A

bacterial - unilateral c purulent discharge
viral - bilateral c watery discharge
allergic - cobblestone eyeballs

33
Q

Patient teaching with conjunctivitis:

A

prevent the spread

do NOT force a crusty eye open

34
Q

Pt teaching for cleft palate baby:

A

ESSR method to feed (enlarged nipple, stimulate sucking, swallow, rest)
They are more prone to ear infections

35
Q

Visual Development for bbs : the facts

A

2 months - can track moving objects

4 months - able to see in color

36
Q

S&S of glaucoma

A

tearing, corneal clouding, progressive eye enlargement

37
Q

Amblyopia S&S and Tx:

A

lazy eye
S&S - reduced vision in one or both eyes, squinting, close one eye to see
Tx: patch of the GOOD eye or glasses

38
Q

Eye drop administration:

A 
wash hands
warm meds
pull lower lid down
keep the eye closed for a few seconds 
wash yah hands again
39
Q

S&S of of rotavirus. Tx?

A

explosive diarrhea that smells like wet grass

Tx: balance those electrolytes and hydrate

40
Q

Short bowel syndrome etiology, tx:

A

etiology - malabsorption

tx: TPN, central line lipids, serial transverse enteroplasty (to lengthen the bowel)

41
Q

Hischsprung Disease: etiology, S&S, Tx

A

etiology - megacolon
S&S - no meconium, constipation, and distention, failure to gain weight, ribbon stools
Tx: colostomy care

42
Q

congenital HYPOthyroidism S&S:

A

decreased thyroid hormones lead to irreversible intellectual disability

S&S:
jaundice
thick, floppy tongue
HYPOtonia (floppy baby)
dry skin
hoarse cry
large fontanelles
43
Q

Rule of Stools:

A

ribbon stools or anal leakage - Hirschprung’s
Currant jelly stools (blood/mucus) - Intussusception
floating stool - malabsorption (Celiac)

44
Q

Bladder entropy S&S:

A

split clit

small penis

ABSN (18 decks)

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