Peds 1 Flashcards by Savannah Sales

Which 3 levels of nursing education gives the nurse more responsibility for the care of the patient and their outcomes?

Masters Degree
Certified Nurse Specialist
Nurse Practitioner

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Which 2 levels of nursing education give the nurse more research related responsibilities?

Doctor of nursing practice

PhD

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Briefly describe the historical influences pediatric healthcare in nursing.

Flood of immigrants leads to crowded/unsanitary conditions.
Contaminated food, no immunizations and child labor.
Infectious diseases like TB, Typhoid, Smallpox and Scarlet fever were prevalent.

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What is the leading cause of neonatal deaths?

prematurity

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What is the leading cause of death for children aged 1-19?

unintentional injury

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who is 3X more likely to fall victim to a medication error?

Children

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What is the leading cause of death in children 30 months-1 year?

SIDS
congenital defects
prematurity

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What are the 5 leading causes of infant death in the US?

birth defects
preterm/low birth weight
SIDS
maternal pregnancy complications
injuries

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Which type of infection is most common in childhood?

respiratory

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What is the nurse’s role in preventing injury to children?

Educate the parents

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Who gives informed consent for children under 18years old?

the parents - unless the child is emancipated

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What condition dictates that the parent may NOT refuse consent?

if not giving the treatment can legally be seen as neglect/abuse

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Who gives consent in the case of joint custody, divorced parents?

either parent, and only one is needed

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Who gives consent int he case of sole custody?

the sole custody parent

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What is it called when the parents are away and a grandparent/aunt/uncle has to make the medical decision?

proxy custody

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What is assent?

a minor has the right to a weighted opinion, but not the right to give consent.

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At what age does assent begin?

11 years

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What is it called when a nurse must make decisions that benefit the patient?

beneficence

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What word describes reducing the risk of harm by using interventions that promote benefits?

nonmaleficence

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What word describes the right to self determination?

autonomy

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Who describes the Id, Ego and Super Ego?

Freud

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Describe the Id.

present at birth
not logical
impulsive and selfish

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Describe the Ego.

Realistic
develops to help the Id
develops defense mechanisms

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Describe the Super Ego.

Morals and ethics

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What is assimilation?

incorporating new experiences

What is accommodation?

making changes to deal with new experiences

When does separation anxiety peak?

6-18 months

Which age group associates pain with punishment?

toddlers

Which age group is the most at risk for stressors?

toddlers

What are the 3 stages of separation anxiety?

Protest Despair Denial (Detachment)

What does the protest phase of separation anxiety look like?

screaming/crying clinging to parents resists attempts at comfort from other adults.

What does the despair phase of separation anxiety look like?

quiet and appeared to be settled in withdrawn and compliant crying when parents return

What does the denial/detachment phase of separation anxiety look like?

lack of protest when parents leave happy and content with everyone shows interest in surroundings

Which age group can't separate reality from fantasy?

preschoolers

Which age group fears loss of privacy and control?

school aged and adolescents

What play style do infants use?

solitary

What play style do toddlers use?

parallel (near other children but not with)

What play style do preschoolers use?

associative

What play style do school aged children use?

cooperative

developmental screening, immunizations and preventing injuries are examples of what?

health maintenance

good nutrition, physical activity and oral hygiene are all examples of what?

health promotion

At which age do infants use receptive speech more than expressive speech?

9-12 months

At which age can a child identify parents with "mama"

9-12 months

At which age are all parts of speech developed, but also used incorrectly?

3-6 years

Which age group prefers black and white toys and mirrors?

0-3 months

Which age group prefers noisemaking objects to play with?

3-6 months

Which age group prefers teething toys?

6-9 months

At what age do children refine their fine motor skills?

1-3 years

At what age do children prefer to play with large blocks and surprise toys?

9-12 months

When does the posterior fontanel close?

2-4 months

When does the anterior fontanel close?

1-2 years

When do children start to crawl?

8-10 months

When can children support the weight of their head and roll over?

2-4 months

List Freud's Stages of Development and the age ranges.

``` Oral: birth-1 Anal: 1-3 Phallic: 3-6 Latent: 6-12 Genital: 12 and older ```

List Erikson's Stages of Development and their age ranges.

``` Trust vs. Mistrust: birth-1 Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt: 1-3 Initiative vs. Guilt: 3-6 Industry vs. Inferiority: 6-12 Identity vs. Role Confusion: 12-20 Intimacy vs. Isolation: 20-40 Generativity vs. Stagnation: 40-65 Integrity vs. Despair: 65 and older ```

What are the nursing implications for Erikson's Trust vs. Mistrust phase?

birth-1 year | responsive parents are critical

What are the nursing implications for Erikson's Autonomy vs. Shame/Doubt phase?

1-3 years give simple explanations directly before the procedure. the greatest threat to this age group is SEPARATION from. parents

What are the nursing implications for Erikson's Initiative vs. Guilt?

3-6 years they fear bodily mutilation (use bandaids) allow child to touch equipment

What are the nursing implications for Erikson's Industry vs. Inferiority?

6-12 year (school) | they fear loss of control/privacy

What are the nursing implications for Erikson's Identity vs. Role Confusion?

12-18 (adolescents) they are concerned with body image teaching should focus on the here and now

Describe Piaget's 4 Stages of Development.

Sensorimotor: birth-2 Pre-operational: 2-7 Concrete Operations: 7-11 FormalOperations: 11 and up

Which two characteristics, described by Piaget, are not formed during the pre-operational period?

``` Object Permanence (sensorimotor) Conservation (concrete) ```

What is object permanence and when do children develop it?

understanding that something that is out of sight still exists 8-12 months

What is Egocentrism?

seeing things only from one's point of view

What is Tranductive Reasoning?

connecting two events as a cause and effect relationship

What is Centration?

focusing only on one aspect of a situation

What is animism?

giving lifelike qualities to non-living things

What is Magical thinking?

the belief that ones events occur because of one's thoughts or actions

What is Conservation?

knowing that matter is not changed when its form is altered