EBP Exam III Flashcards
What are the 4 designs of QUANTitative studies?
Quasi-experimental
Descriptive
Experimental
Correlational
What are the 4 designs of QUALitative studies?
Phenomenological
Historical research
Ethnographic
Grounded theory
Empirical evidence is evidence NOT from:
deduction or expectation
What is the goal of QUANTitative studies? QUALitative?
QUANT: understanding a reality that exists
QUAL: understanding peoples’ PERCEPTION of reality
Evidence for QUANTitative studies comes from:
numbers
What is the “blueprint” of a research study?
it’s design
What is the point to having a study DESIGN:
maximize validity
minimize cost
Which kinds of studies have higher levels of evidence; prospective or retrospective?
Prospective have higher levels of evidence
What is a descriptive study design?
QUANTitative
does NOT manipulate variables
“finds the level, prevalence and incidence of something”
What is a correlational study design?
QUANTitative
does NOT manipulate variables
has AT LEAST 2 VARIABLES
“finds links b/w variables”
What is a predictive study design?
QUANTitative
examines changes over time
retrospective and predictive
What is an experimental study design?
QUANTitative
DOES manipulate variables
involves randomization
MUST be prospective
Experimental studies MUST be ________.
prospective
Quasi-experimental studies either lack:
randomization or a control group
What is a non-equivalent control group?
a quasi-experimental problem
researchers can not randomly assign subjects to groups
What is a time series design?
a quasi-experimental study that measures one group OVER TIME with multiple measures
What are the 5 criteria of an RCT?
- inclusion/exclusion criteria
- randomization
- PROTOCOL based interventions
- blinding
- explicit reporting (CONSORT)
What is study validity?
the ability to accept the results of a study as logical, reasonable and justifiable
internal validity is associated with
random ASSIGNMENT
external validity is associated with
random SAMPLE
What is internal validity?
did the independent variable produce a change in the dependent variable
What is external validity?
can the sample be generalized to the population
What are the 8 threats to INTERNAL validity?
HITT MMRS
- History - variable influenced by time
- Instrumentation - variables are measured using different instruments
- Testing - subjects remember and respond differently on the post test
- Temporal ambiguity - IV may not precede DV
- Maturation - subjects mature and therefore change
- Mortality - subjects die
- Reactivity - observation influences DV (Hawthorne effect)
- Selection Bias - change in DV r/t difference in participants NOT intervention
What are the 3 threats to external validity?
- lack of construct validity - measure does not accurately assess concept
- effects of selection - participants do NOT represent the population
- non-random sample
Nurses in clinical practice need to consider _________.
The DESIGN of the study to determine it’s VALUE for EBP
QUANT research understand reality by
isolating and measuring its components and formulates a hypothesis to test
QUAL research understands reality by
examining it in a holistic way and extracts meaning from data
QUANTitative research is based on (4)
- realism
- numbers
- deductive thinking
- positivistic focus
QUALitative research is based on (4)
- idealism
- patterns
- inductive thinking
- interpretivism focus
QUANTitative data is
objective