Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Non sense > Peds > Flashcards

Peds Flashcards

1
Q

Define pediatric.

A

Under 18 years.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Age for neonates

A

Birth to 28 days

The reason for 28 days is that is when all the internal organs actually are supposed to be working 100%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Neonates newborn A/P

A

Large surface area related to body mass
-susceptible to hypothermia

Immature immune system; prone to infection

Weak muscles and immature nervous system

Small blood volume
-susceptible to hypovolemia

Fragile brain capillaries

tissues can be damaged by excessive oxygen

Mouth breathers

Keep them breathing and most of the time other systems will come along

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Neonates / newborn vital signs

A

RR: 40-60 breaths/min

HR: 100-180 beats/min

BP: >60 mmHg systolic

Temp: 37.6C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Infant

A

Birth - 12 months

0-2 months - Mostly sleep at and eat

2-6 months - Active extremities and I contact

6-12 months - Babble, talk, reach, place items in mouth

7-8 months - Afraid of separation from parents

9-10 months - Stranger anxiety

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Infant anatomy and physiology

A

Hearing well-developed

Nose breathers for several months

Belly breathers

Faster metabolism - require more O2 and nutrients

Poor temperature regulation

Large head - lose heat quickly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Infant vital signs

A

RR: 30-60 breaths/min

HR: 100-160 beats/min

BP: >60 mmHg systolic

Temperature: 37.4C

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Toddlers

A

1-3 years

Rapid change and development

Running, playing, communicate

Assert Independence, this logic

Learned by trial and error

May be fearful of exam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Toddlers anatomy and physiology

A

Breed with abdominal muscles

Large heads

Improve thermal regulation

Limb muscles more developed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Toddlers vital signs

A

RR: 24-40 breaths/min

HR: 90-150 beats/min

BP: >70 mmHg systolic

Temperature: 37C

Estimate minimum systolic BP with formula:
70 + 2 x age of patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Preschool

A

Magical and a logical thinkers

Common fears include body mutilation, death, darkness, loss of control, abandonment

Short attention span

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Preschool anatomy and physiology

A

Colour and depth perception become fully developed

Hearing reaches maximum, listening develops

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Preschool vital signs

A

RR: 22-34 breaths/min

HR: 80-140 breaths/min

BP: >75 mmHg systolic

Temperature: 37C

Estimate minimum systolic BP with formula:
70 + 2 x age of patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

School age

A

Talkative, analytical, understand concepts

Fear separation from parents, friends, loss of control, disability, pain

Afraid to discuss thoughts and feelings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

School age anatomy and physiology

A

Similar to adult by age 8

Visual capacity reaches adult level

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

School-age vital signs

A

RR: 18-30 breath/min

HR: 70-120 beats/min

BP: >80 mmHg systolic

Temperature: 37C

Estimate minimum systolic BP with formula:
70 + 2 x age of patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Adolescent

A

Indestructible

Shift from relying on family to friends or social development and psychological support

Struggle with independence, sexuality, body image, peer pressure

Mood swings, depression common

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Adolescent anatomy and physiology

A

Secondary sex characteristics develop (puberty)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Adolescent vital signs

A

RR: 12-16 breaths/min

HR: 60-100 beats/min

BP: >80 mmHg systolic

Temperature: 36-37C

Estimate minimum systolic BP with formula:
70 + 2 x age of patient

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pediatric assesment triangle (PAT)

A

An easy way to do a rapid initial assessment of any child

Across the room assessment

Does not replace the ABC’s

Quickly establishes a level of severity, urgency of life support, identifies key physiological problems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What does it look at?

A

Appearance

Work of breathing

Circulation to skin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

When do you use PAT?

A

On every pediatric call

Scene size up

Initial assessment

  • PAT
  • ABC’s
  • Transport decision
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What are some other techniques?

A

Depends on age and stage of development

Brainstorm and discuss

24
Q

Croup

A

A childhood disease characterized by edema of the upper airways with barking cough, dyspnea and stridor

25
Q

Pathology of Croup

A

VIRAL disease with inflammation, edema, narrowing of larynx, trachea, and bronchioles

Usually affects infants and toddlers

Usually precipitated by a cold

Usually progressive over days rather than hours

26
Q

Croup signs and symptoms

A

Barking, seal cough

Stridor

Respiratory distress

Retractions

Fever

Worse at night

Complications: dyspnea, tiring

27
Q

Croup management

A

Humidified O2
-the cool water vapour will help reduce inflammation and obstruction

May need to assist ventilations

ALS: nebulized (racemic) epinephrine, consider intubation

28
Q

Asthma

A

Many children develop it

  • can be from premature birth complication
  • developed sensitivities like adults

Grew out of asthma

Can get worse with age

Pediatric airways are super reactive
-can close up VERY fast

Remember PED’s compensate for a long time then crash suddenly

29
Q

Asthma management

A

O2

Keep patient calm

ALS intercept

Transport

30
Q

Epiglottitis

A

Inflammation of the epiglottis

Bacterial infection of upper airway, typically in children, but can be in adults

Develops rapidly; over hours

Usually over 12 months

Can lead to severe respiratory compromise
-swelling can close off airway

Becoming less common due to vaccines

31
Q

Epiglottitis signs and symptoms

A

Over 12 months

Appear ill

Pain on swallowing

May have stridor, but no barking cough

Lump in throat

Drooling, can’t swallow

32
Q

Epiglotittis management

A

O2

Do not agitate

Position if comfort

BVM if in respiratory failure

Complications: upsetting child can cause laryngospasm and severe respiratory distress

Ventolin will not work here

This isn’t anaphylaxis so no Epi either

33
Q

Bronchitis

A

Viral infection causing inflammation of the bronchioles

Occurs in early childhood

Most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affecting lining of bronchioles

34
Q

Bronchioles signs and symptoms

A

Prominent expiratory wheezes, resembling asthma (asthma rarely under 1yr)

Respiratory distress (nasal flaring and retractions)

Runny nose

Irritability and restlessness

Low grade fever

Short periods of apnea

Circumoral or nail bed cyanosis

Complications: extreme respiratory distress, tiring

35
Q

Bronchitis treatment

A

Humidified O2

Ventolin

36
Q

RSV (respiratory syncital virus)

A

Most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections

Virtually all children contract RSV by age 3

Leading cause of bronchitis and pneumonia in infants

Map play major role in development of asthma and COPD

Prevalent at 2-6 months, but can be at any age in children with underlying pulmonary or cardiac disease or immunodeficiency

37
Q

RSV risk factors

A

Premature birth

<6 weeks of age

Congenital heart defects

Chronic lung problems

Immunodeficiency

Lower socioeconomic class

2nd hand smoke

Older siblings in same house hold

38
Q

RSV management

A

Signs and symptoms usually resolve in 5-7 days

Tx is symptomatic

Severe case may require hospitalization and anti-viral drug therapy

39
Q

Pediatric seizures

A

Also known as febrile seizures

Occur due to sudden rise in body temperature

Most common between 6 months and 6 years

40
Q

Pediatric seizures pathology

A

Related more to the rate at which the temperature rises and not the temperature itself

Recent fever or cold, infection

41
Q

Pediatric seizures signs and symptoms

A

Usually temperature above 103F or 39.2C

Convulsive activity

Complications: DX of febrile seizures should not be made pre-hospital

42
Q

Pediatric seizures management

A

Same as for adult seizures

O2

Remove extra clothing, but do not cool too quickly

Prevent shivering

May consider tepid water in armpits and groin

Be mindful of ‘ambulance cooling system’

43
Q

Pediatric trauma

A

Covered more in depth in ITLS

Bones are very malleable
-huge force to break = other injuries

More internal organs NOT protected by ribcage

Bobble-heads

44
Q

SIDS

A

The completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant

45
Q

SIDS pathology

A

Leading cause of death between 2 weeks and 1 year

Approximately 2 in 1000 die

Peaks at 2-4 months

46
Q

SIDS risk factors

A

Fall and winter months

Males > females

Young mothers, low birth weight babies, no prenatal care

Prone positioning

Drug use during pregnancy

Overheating while sleeping

Smoking in the homr

47
Q

SIDS management

A

Active and aggressive care unless baby is obviously dead

Support for the family

Allow family time with dead child

Expect anger, rage, hostility, grief, blame, guilt, denial

48
Q

Child abuse

A

Second leading cause of death under 6 months of age

Can be psychological, physical, sexual, or neglect

49
Q

Contributing factors to child abuse

A

Child is seen as “different” and “special” to others

Premature infants and twins at higher risk

Under 5 years

Mentally and physically handicapped, “special needs”

Uncommunicative (autistic)

“Wrong” gender

50
Q

Characteristics of perpetrators

A

Can be parent, guardian, foster parent, nanny, an institution, or program

Can be from any background

Usually a parent or full time caregiver

Most abusers were abused

Be alert to adults exhibiting evasive or aggressive behaviour

Presence of material, economic, relationship stress, crisis, illness in parent or child

51
Q

Physical and emotional findings in the abused or neglected child

A

Any obvious or suspected bone # in child under 2

Multiple injuries in various stages of healing, especially Burns or bruises

Unusual number of injuries

Scattered injuries

ICP in infants

Intra-abdominal trauma to child

52
Q

Physical and emotional findings in the abused or neglected child

A

Injury does not match with the story

Malnutrition

Long standing skin infections

Avoids caregiver

Constantly seeking food or favors

Does not look at caregiver for assurance

Wary of physical contact

53
Q

How to handle child abuse

A

Goals are to treat the child, prevent further abuse, and contact authorities

Obtain as much information as possible

Remain non-judgemental

Document everything

Do not ‘cross examine’ caregiver

Report suspicions

54
Q

Common pediatric medications

A

Tylenol - used to control fever

Tempra - another brand name for acetaminophen

Amoxil - amoxicillin, antibiotic

Ritalin - used for ADHD, many side effects

55
Q

Intraosseous infusion (ALS)

A

Used to gain vascular access for the administration of fluid and medications

Used in emergent situations when peripheral venous access cannot quickly be obtained

Usually for.pediatrics but can be used in adults

Non sense (22 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions