Peds Flashcards

Question

Pathology of Croup

Answer 1

VIRAL disease with inflammation, edema, narrowing of larynx, trachea, and bronchioles Usually affects infants and toddlers Usually precipitated by a cold Usually progressive over days rather than hours

Answer 2

Barking, seal cough Stridor Respiratory distress Retractions Fever Worse at night Complications: dyspnea, tiring

Answer 3

Humidified O2 -the cool water vapour will help reduce inflammation and obstruction May need to assist ventilations ALS: nebulized (racemic) epinephrine, consider intubation

Answer 4

Many children develop it - can be from premature birth complication - developed sensitivities like adults Grew out of asthma Can get worse with age Pediatric airways are super reactive -can close up VERY fast Remember PED's compensate for a long time then crash suddenly

Answer 5

O2 Keep patient calm ALS intercept Transport

Answer 6

Inflammation of the epiglottis **Bacterial infection of upper airway, typically in children, but can be in adults** Develops rapidly; over hours Usually over 12 months Can lead to severe respiratory compromise -swelling can close off airway Becoming less common due to vaccines

Answer 7

Over 12 months Appear ill Pain on swallowing May have stridor, but no barking cough Lump in throat Drooling, can't swallow

Answer 8

O2 Do not agitate Position if comfort BVM if in respiratory failure Complications: upsetting child can cause laryngospasm and severe respiratory distress Ventolin will not work here This isn't anaphylaxis so no Epi either

Answer 9

Viral infection causing inflammation of the bronchioles Occurs in early childhood Most commonly respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) affecting lining of bronchioles

Answer 10

Prominent expiratory wheezes, resembling asthma (asthma rarely under 1yr) Respiratory distress (nasal flaring and retractions) Runny nose Irritability and restlessness Low grade fever Short periods of apnea Circumoral or nail bed cyanosis Complications: extreme respiratory distress, tiring

Answer 11

Humidified O2 Ventolin

Answer 12

Most common cause of lower respiratory tract infections Virtually all children contract RSV by age 3 Leading cause of bronchitis and pneumonia in infants Map play major role in development of asthma and COPD Prevalent at 2-6 months, but can be at any age in children with underlying pulmonary or cardiac disease or immunodeficiency

Answer 13

Premature birth <6 weeks of age Congenital heart defects Chronic lung problems Immunodeficiency Lower socioeconomic class 2nd hand smoke Older siblings in same house hold

Answer 14

Signs and symptoms usually resolve in 5-7 days Tx is symptomatic Severe case may require hospitalization and anti-viral drug therapy

Answer 15

Also known as febrile seizures Occur due to sudden rise in body temperature Most common between 6 months and 6 years

Answer 16

Related more to the rate at which the temperature rises and not the temperature itself Recent fever or cold, infection

Answer 17

Usually temperature above 103F or 39.2C Convulsive activity Complications: DX of febrile seizures should not be made pre-hospital

Answer 18

Same as for adult seizures O2 Remove extra clothing, but do not cool too quickly Prevent shivering May consider tepid water in armpits and groin Be mindful of 'ambulance cooling system'

Answer 19

Covered more in depth in ITLS Bones are very malleable -huge force to break = other injuries More internal organs NOT protected by ribcage Bobble-heads

Answer 20

The completely unexpected and unexplained death of an apparently well infant

Answer 21

Leading cause of death between 2 weeks and 1 year Approximately 2 in 1000 die Peaks at 2-4 months

Answer 22

Fall and winter months Males > females Young mothers, low birth weight babies, no prenatal care Prone positioning Drug use during pregnancy Overheating while sleeping Smoking in the homr

Answer 23

Active and aggressive care unless baby is obviously dead Support for the family Allow family time with dead child Expect anger, rage, hostility, grief, blame, guilt, denial

Answer 24

Second leading cause of death under 6 months of age Can be psychological, physical, sexual, or neglect

Answer 25

Child is seen as "different" and "special" to others Premature infants and twins at higher risk Under 5 years Mentally and physically handicapped, "special needs" Uncommunicative (autistic) "Wrong" gender

Answer 26

Can be parent, guardian, foster parent, nanny, an institution, or program Can be from any background Usually a parent or full time caregiver Most abusers were abused Be alert to adults exhibiting evasive or aggressive behaviour Presence of material, economic, relationship stress, crisis, illness in parent or child

Answer 27

Any obvious or suspected bone # in child under 2 Multiple injuries in various stages of healing, especially Burns or bruises Unusual number of injuries Scattered injuries ICP in infants Intra-abdominal trauma to child

Answer 28

Injury does not match with the story Malnutrition Long standing skin infections Avoids caregiver Constantly seeking food or favors Does not look at caregiver for assurance Wary of physical contact

Answer 29

Goals are to treat the child, prevent further abuse, and contact authorities Obtain as much information as possible Remain non-judgemental Document everything Do not 'cross examine' caregiver Report suspicions

Answer 30

Tylenol - used to control fever Tempra - another brand name for acetaminophen Amoxil - amoxicillin, antibiotic Ritalin - used for ADHD, many side effects

Answer 31

Used to gain vascular access for the administration of fluid and medications Used in emergent situations when peripheral venous access cannot quickly be obtained Usually for.pediatrics but can be used in adults