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Non sense > Burns > Flashcards

Burns Flashcards

1
Q

Burns

A

Water evaporating from skin, denaturing the proteins that make up cell membranes

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2
Q

Four types of burns

A

Thermal

Electrical

Chemical

Radiation

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3
Q

Three layer of skin

A

Epidermis

Dermis

Hypodermis

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4
Q

What are thermal Burns

A

Generally the most common type of burn

Result from exposure to contact with steam, flames, flash, hot surfaces or hot liquids with a temperature above 115 degrees Fahrenheit

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5
Q

Types of burn and severity of the burn depends on what?

A

Number of layers of skin affected

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6
Q

What percentage of burns are estimated to be preventable

A

75%

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7
Q

Electrical Burns

A

Damage done by electricity entering the body and travelling through the tissues

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8
Q

What part of the body suffers most damage

A

Extremities suffer the most tissue damage because their small size results in higher local current density

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9
Q

Severity of electrical Burns depend on 4 things

A

Type of current

Amount of current

Path of current

Duration of contact with current

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10
Q

Number one concern with electrical burn is

A

Cardiac dysrhythmias

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11
Q

Common arrhythmias following electrical burns are

A

PVCs

V-tach

V-fib

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12
Q

Injuries following electrical Burns

A

Skin burns at entrance and exit sites

Possible fractures and / or dislocations from violent muscle contractions

Internal injuries may also include muscle and nerve damage, and blood clots from current passage

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13
Q

Chemical burns

A

Strong acids or bases

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14
Q

Tissue damage factors are

A

Chemical concentration

Quantity

Manner and duration of exposure

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15
Q

Injuries following a chemical burn

A

Injuries to the skin as well as internal organs (liver and kidney)

Volatile chemicals cause damage via inhalation -airway compromised

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16
Q

Common items that cause chemical burns

A

Bleach

Concrete mix

Drain or toilet bowl cleaners

Metal cleaners

Swimming pool chlorinators

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17
Q

Chemical burn signs and symptoms

A

Redness, irritation, burning, pain or numbness at the site of contact

Formation of blisters or black dead skin at the contact site

Vision changes if the chemical gets into your eyes

Low blood pressure

Faintness, weakness, dizziness

Shortness of breath or severe cough

Headache

Muscle twitching or seizures

Cardiac arrest or irregular

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18
Q

Chemical burns removal

A

PPE

Remove all pieces of clothing with chemicals on them

Flush chemicals with copious amounts of water. If dry chemicals are on the skin they should be brushed off before irrigation

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19
Q

Radiation

A

Burns due to radioactive materials

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20
Q

Three types of radiation

A

Alpha

Beta

Gamma

21
Q

Alpha radiation

A

Lowest level

Week source of energy

Stop by clothing or first layer of skin

22
Q

Beta radiation

A

Medium strength

Stop by light clothing or uppermost layer of skin

23
Q

Gamma radiation

A

Powerful electromagnetic emitted by radioactive substances

Travels through the body without hesitation

Nearly impossible to protect from x-rays

24
Q

Three important factors for radiation Burns

A

Duration of exposure

Distance from The Source

Shielding between you, patient, and source

25
Q

Inhalation injury

A

Classified as CO poisoning, heat inhalation, and smoke inhalation

Most frequent injuries occur when the patient is trapped or confined to a small space

26
Q

Byproduct of combustion

A

Co poisoning

27
Q

CO2 binds to hemoglobin?

A

257 times stronger than oxygen

28
Q

CO is?

A

Colorless

Odorless

Tasteless

29
Q

Co poisoning signs and symptoms

A

Altered loc

Normal skin colour and condition, no apparent cherry-red are cyanotic skin

Headache, irritability, dizziness, fainting

Convulsions, apnea, SOB

30
Q

Breathing in flames and gases do not result in heat transport therefore?

A

Injuries damage the upper Airways

Heat does not transport down to the lungs

Supraglottic (hypopharynx) is where swelling occurs
—Area capture is crucial

31
Q

Inhalation signs and symptoms

A

Brassy, non productive cough

Horse voice

Stridor

Mouth, nose burn

Airway edema, erythema

Singed facial are nose hairs

Sooty sputum

32
Q

1st degree burn

A

Involves the upper epidermis and dermis only

33
Q

1st degree burn signs and symptoms

A

Redness

Tenderness

Pain

No blisters

Skin intact

34
Q

2nd degree burn

A

Similar to 1st degree - reddened, painful, edematous.

Blisters formed

Partial thickness burn because the dermis is still intact and able to completely regenerate skin

35
Q

3rd degree

A

Full thickness burns penetrate entire dermis - destroying ability to regenerate

May involve blood vessels, nerves, muscle tissue, bone and even internal organs

White leathery appearance w/ underlying clotted vessels

Anesthetic

Charred

36
Q

Using the palm of the hands in order to calculate burn %

A

1%

37
Q

Burn % in an adult

A 
Head - 9%
Front - 18%
Back - 18%
Arms - 9% each
Legs - 18% each
Groin - 1%
38
Q

Burn % in an infant

A 
Head - 18%
Front - 18%
Back - 18%
Arms - 9% each
Legs - 14% each
39
Q

Reasons to go to a burn treatment center

A

2nd + 3rd degree burns - 10% BSA if age <10 or >50

2nd + 3rd degree burns - 20% BSA any age

Burns to face, hands, genitalia, perineum, and skin over major joints

3rd degree

Specialized burns

Pre-existing significant medical disorders

Significant other injuries

40
Q

What are specialized burns?

A

Electrical

Chemical

Inhalation

Circumferential chest or extremity injury

41
Q

Parkland formula

A

4 x kg x BSA

1/2 fluid given over first 8 hours, and other 1/2 over 16hrs.

Volume of fluid given is based on the time elapsed since the burn

42
Q

Tx - Dressing

A

Rapid cooling - may help progression

After removal from source of burn, cooling should be done w/ clean water max 1-2 minutes. (Longer can be detrimental, may induce hypothermia and shock)

After cooling apply clean dressings.

Be attentive to warning signs of hypothermia

43
Q

If time of injury is >30 min?

A

Do not cool

44
Q

Burns >10% BSA

A

Apply clean dry sheets

45
Q

Burns <10% BSA

A

Apply clean moist dressing

46
Q

If 2nd and 3rd degree BSA >10%?

A

Establish vascular access

NS 500mL/hr prn to maintain hemodynamic stability to a total maximum 3L

47
Q

Considerations for dry chemicals

A

Do not flush w/ water unless in the eyes; water can cause the burning to increase w/ some chemicals

Remove wet dressing from large burns (>10% BSA) after burning is stopped to prevent hypothermia

48
Q

Considerations for airway burns

A

Paralytics should be used w/ caution; ensure that the patients anatomy and/or injury will allow for intubation

Non sense (22 decks)

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