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Non sense > Geriatrics > Flashcards

Geriatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Physiology of aging in getratrics

A

Greater risk of nearly all types of injuries and illnesses

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2
Q

4 multifactorial risks

A

Genetics

Lifestyle

Health status

Access to healthcare

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3
Q

As aging increases?

A

Predisposition to different pathologies can accelerate aging process

Specifically those that cannot regenerate

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4
Q

4 multifactorial risk

A

Genetics

Lifestyle

Health Status

Access to healthcare

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5
Q

What happens to cell mitosis over time?

A

Decreases in part due to decreased metabolic rates that create energy for the cells

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6
Q

4 things that impact cellular aging

A

Toxins

Environmental conditions

Bacteria

Viruses

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7
Q

What happens to your body system as you age?

A

Everything decreases

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8
Q

Hormone changes with age

A

Receptors to the hormones decrease in number/cease being active/cease being active/decrease receptability
—IDDM

Systems may not be able to react as fast as it used to due to breakdown of elastic fibers and replacement with collagen/adipose fibers

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9
Q

Hormonal changes in men

A

Slight drop of androgynous hormones
—levels still high enough to maintain functional sperm into old age

Testosterone decline - muscle degeneration does occur without adequate exercise

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10
Q

Menopause

A

Menopause considered end of woman’s reproductive/fertile capabilities

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11
Q

Ovaries produce?

A

Estrogen and progesterone during Graffian Follicle release

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12
Q

What does estrogen and progesterone control?

A

Controls/inhibit Gonadotropic releasing hormone (GnRH)

Without this control, spikes in GnRH occur more and randomly causing hot and cold flashes

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13
Q

Estrogen decline causes?

A

Causes acceleration of bone demineralization from osteoclast

Also allows for atrophy of primary and secondary sexual characteristics

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14
Q

Endocrine, GI, metabolic systems

A

Decrease amount of total body water and fat

Decrease in total body cells

Degeneration of salivary glands

Decrease in muscle tone between esophagus and stomach

Decrease in smooth muscle contractions in GI system

Degeneration in lining of intestines

Decrease in size, weight, and function of liver

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15
Q

Integumentary system

A

Loss of elasticity

Dry mucous membranes

Delayed wound healing

More prone to injury and infection

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16
Q

Cardiovascular system

A

Cardiac output drops

Decreased heart rate

Increase calcium deposits around heart

Increase fibrous tissue throughout heart muscle and peripheral vascular system

Walls of heart thicken without the increase of size in the atrium or ventricle Chambers

Conduction system degenerates (arrhythmias, heart blocks)

basically the heart gets weaker even though it must pump through a greater resistance

17
Q

Central nervous system

A

Decrease of cells in brain

Decreased in size and weight of brain

Increase in amount of CSF paragraph decrease blood flow with an increase in cerebral blood flow resistance (decrease oxygen consumption of the brain)

slowed reflexes

Decreased pain perception

Decreased sense of equilibrium

Decrease perception of temperature

18
Q

Special senses

A

Decrease in sight
—weakening ocular muscles and degenerative diseases

Decrease in hearing
—inability to hear high pitch noises, or even normal volume

Decrease in taste

Decrease in touch
—degenerative processes, disease, decreased reaction times

19
Q

Respiratory system

A

Decrease size / strength (atrophy) of muscles used for respiration

Calcium collects and builds up on tendon and fibrous tissue decreasing mobility

Degeneration of alveolar membrane

Body becomes less sensitive to hypoxia or increased levels of carbon dioxide in blood and tissues

20
Q

What happens to your body’s natural defense with age?

A

Body’s natural defense is compromised, coughing / gagging

21
Q

What would make lungs more susceptible to pneumonia and other infectious lung problems?

A

COPD

Asthma

Bronchitis

Emphysema

22
Q

Kidney function

A

Decrease in kidney function

Worn-out

Hypoxia causes shunting away from kidneys = ischemia - injury - infarct

23
Q

Renal blood flow

A

Decrease in renal blood flow

Atherosclerosis occurs here to

Kidneys need to respond to body needs, do so via increased and decreased blood flow

24
Q

Renal system

Fluid and electrolyte imbalances

A

Decrease fluid means increase concentration = fluid shift away from cells

Electrolytes excreted naturally at too high of rate and also via drug use
—lasix, digoxin

Increased drug toxicity due to drugs staying in system longer - not being excreted

25
Q

Musculoskeletal system

A

Loss of minerals in bone
—osteoporosis

Decrease in height
—chemical, physical, surgical

Loss of flexibility
—calcification of joints

Decrease in skeletal muscle mass

26
Q

Delirium

A

Consists primarily of organic brain dysfunction, and presents with patients experiencing:

Not progressive

Confusion

Abnormal behavior

Hallucinations

27
Q

Sudden onset of delirium can often be reversed. Causes?

A

Drug-induced

Cancerous tumours

Trauma-induced (brain injury, strokes)

Infections / fluid and balances

28
Q

Dementia

A

Progressive loss of intellectual function

Generally progressive and irreversible

29
Q

Dementia signs and symptoms

A

Memory (Alzheimer’s)

Reasoning

  • –logical processes no longer work (leaps in logic)
  • –appear to be childlike in reasoning

Orientation (time, location, and even self)

Decrease the ability to take care of oneself

30
Q

Alzheimer’s

A

Form of dementia with progressive loss of memory and cognitive function

31
Q

How does Alzheimer’s work

A

Neuro-fibers become entangled and can block or confuse messages incoming and outgoing

Groups of nerves degenerate (demilenation) eventually not allowing messages past

General onset after age 65

32
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Slowly progressing degenerative disorder of the nervous system

33
Q

Parkinson’s disease signs and symptoms

A

Extrapyramidal symptoms

Akathisia (restlessness)

Parkinsonism (fine motor movement shakes)

Acute dystonia (tension of head / neck muscles)

Tardive dyskinesia (rapid eye / arm / tongue movement - late)

On set after 40 years old

34
Q

What can mimic symptoms of Parkinson’s disease

A

People on antipsychotic medications

35
Q

Clues for geriatric abuse

A

Frequent EMS calls for falls or injuries

multiple orthopedic injuries from trivial falls

Multiple areas of bruising in various stages of healing

Evidence of burns are other scars in various stages of healing

Evidence of burns are other scars in various stages of healing

Lack of provision of necessary water, fluid, and food

Lock of providing necessary medication

Lack of proper hygiene, especially bathing the patient after episodes of incontinence

Failure to properly assist a patient with elimination

36
Q

Signs of depression

A

Lonely, cut off, no defining factor like work or children

feelings of helplessness / being a burden

Chemical and balances, drugs / alcohol

Lack of activity slash unable to do what they used to

Surrounded by death

Scared / confused by outside world

37
Q

During assessment

A

Elderly patients often fail to report importance symptoms

Try to find out the underlying problem and treat

Elderlies often suffer from more than one element therefore it is important to differentiate between the acute and chronic symptoms

38
Q

During history taking

A

Usually requires more time than with a younger patient

Usually a longer medical history

Always ask for med list

39
Q

Management for geriatric patients

A

Fatigue easier

May be wearing multiple layers of clothing

patients May minimize or deny symptoms to fear of being bedridden or institutionalized

Distinguish between acute and chronic symptoms

Evaluate surrounding for general hygiene, availability of Life necessities

Confusion and fear can be your biggest problems

Treat the underlying problem

Non sense (22 decks)

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