Pediatrics 2 Flashcards
lead toxicity symptoms
fatigue, GI symptoms, irritable, renal change
cog/behavioral changes irreversible
major risk factor contributing to development of severe hyperbilirubemia
jaundice observed in first 24 hours
pathologic jaundice causes
increased production d/t hemolysis
decreased removal d/t maternal/fetal endo prob
poor feeding
sickle cell disease highly susceptible to
infection due to functional asplenia
sickle cell disease medication prophylaxis
PCN twice daily
fever can be life threatening
failure of bone marrow indicated by
abnormal RBC, WBC, plt
most common leukemia children
acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL)
leukemia symptoms
anorexia, wt loss
hepatosplenomegaly
fever
bleeding
bone pain
lymphadenopathy
rules about lymph nodes
> 10 mm is enlarged
EXCEPT
epitrochlear >5mm
inguinal >15mm
cervical >20mm
inhaled corticosteroid affect children
1-2 inches shorter than their peers
cystic fibrosis
autosomal recessive
excessive loss of sodium via sweat, channels don’t effectively transport Cl
cystic fibrosis symptoms
thick mucus
frequent LURI
greasy stools
if pulses are unequal/weak suspect
coarc of aorta
first dyslipidemia screening
at age 9
bmi percentile
child’s bmi to peers of same age/gender
85-95 overweight
>95 obese
screening in children for DM
asymptomatic children, teens who have started puberty and overweight with one risk factor
grade 1 murmur
faintest sound that can be detected, no thrill
grade 2 murmur
soft murmur readily detected
no thrill
grade 3 murmur
louder than 2 murmur but no thrill
grade 4 murmur
palpable thrill
grade 5 murmur
very loud, audible with stethoscope lightly placed on chest
palpable thrill
grade 6 murmur
audible with stethoscope off chest
palpable thrill
innocent murmur clues
grade 2 or less
softer intensity when upright
musical quality
colic
rule of 3
crying for no apparent reason for >3 hours/day
occurs >3 days/wk
otherwise healthy infant <3 months
pyloric stenosis symptoms
4-6 weeks old
boy
projectile vomiting
olive like mass
pyloric stenosis diagnosed with
ultrasound
GERD red flags infants
choking with eating
poor wt gain
ab tenderness
fever
lifestyle modifications to help with GERD peds
breastfeeding
keep infant upright x20 min
small frequent feeding
1-2 week trial hypoallergenic formula
avoid overfeeding, smoke
pharm management gerd treatment infants
ppi x2 weeks, if s/s improve continue for 3-6 months
gerd in infants usually resolved by
age 1
intussusception affects those age
6-36 months
classic triad intussusception
sudden onset of crampy progressive abdominal pain (child pulls knees to chest)
bloody mucousy “currant jelly stools”
tender palpable mass
intussusception imaging
abdominal US
management for recent constipation children
sorbitol containing juice/purees/ high fiber foods
glycerin suppository
encopresis definition
involuntary soiling of stool in child over 4 yrs
encopresis underlying problem is typically
constipation
most common gu disorder in boys
undescended testes
if only one palpable teste in scrotum, refer to urology at age
1
hydrocele normally resolves by age
1
ortolani and barlow maneuvers test
hip instability
nursemaids elbow commonly occurs in
age 1-4
present with child arm straight at side with refusal to bend
scoliosis defined as curvature of the spine over
10 degrees
osgood schlatter dx
anterior knee pain increases over time
usually unilateral
overuse injury
legg calve perthes dx
avascular necrosis
pain to hip/medial aspect of knee
worsens with activity
positive trendelenburg
slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE)
several weeks/months of hip/knee pain with intermittent limp
positive trendelenburg
trendelenburg test
standing on affected leg causes pelvic tilt: positive
positive in: SCFE, legg calve perthes, developmental dysplasia of hip
transient synovitis of hip
most common cause of hip pain
acute limp, hip pain
