Pediatrics 1 Flashcards
Hep A immunization
min age: 1 yr
2 doses, 6 months apart
Hep B immunization
3 doses
0 months
1-2 months
6-18 months
DTaP immunization
5 doses
2 months
4 months
6 months
15-18 months
4-6 yrs
Tdap immunization
11-12 years
booster every 10 yrs
Hib immunization
4 doses
2 months
4 months
6 months
12-15 months
PCV 13 immunization
4 doses
2 months
4 months
6 months
12-15 months
PPSV 23 given to
special populations- chronic moderate lung disease, cancer, cochlear implant
rotavirus vaccine
2 dose series
Oral
2 months
4 months
IPV vaccine
4 dose
2 month
4 month
6-18 month
4-6 yrs
MMR vaccine
2 dose
12-15 months
4-6 yrs
**contra if allergic to neomycin, gelatin
Fever, rash after live or attenuated immunizations represent
a reaction to viral replication, not the vaccine
live attenuated vaccines should be given either
together or 4 weeks apart
live attenuated vaccines should not be given to
under age 1
pregnant women
immune compromised
varicella
2 dose
12-18 months
4-6 yrs
if pt has egg allergy with hives
admin flu vaccine as prescribed
it pt has egg allergy with angioedema, resp distress
give flu vaccine under supervision
meningococcal conjugate vaccine
11-12 yrs
booster 16 yrs
HPV vaccine
2-3 dose
age 9-14, second 6-12 months later
age >15, 0, 1-2 m, 6m
Most common vaccine reactions
among adolescents are to: HPV, MenACWY, and Tdap (syncope)
A vaccine given 4 days prior to the scheduled time to receive it is considered
a valid dose
A vaccine given 5 days prior to the scheduled time to receive it is considered an
INVALID dose and should
be repeated
otitis media best predictors
cloudy bulging tm with impaired mobility
otitis media with effusion
fluid accumulation in middle ear without sign of infection
most common viral cause otitis media
RSV, flu
most common bacterial cause otitis media
step pneumo
otitis media considered severe if
fever, severe pain, bilateral
give antibiotics if definite otitis media to
<6 months
severe >6 months
if otitis media uncertain only give abx to
<6 months
severe 6-24 months
pharm choice for otitis media
amoxicillin 80-90 mg/kg/d
if recent abx, augmentin
referral for OM if
3 or more episodes in 6 months
4 or more episodes in 12 months
treatment failure after oral fluoroquinolone
most common pathogen pneumonia peds
viral & strep pneumo
most sensitive sign of pneumonia in infant
increased resp rate
if bacterial pneumo can see this in CBC
left shift
increase in seg/bands and WBC >15
pharm management pneumonia peds
90mg/kg/d amox
if allergy, clindamycin
bronchiolitis peds
self limited
URI for 1-3 days
thick purulent nasal secretions
croup
stridor, barking cough, hoarse
viral
self limited
viral gastroenteritis
> 3 water stools in 24 hours
symptoms 1-2 wks
fecal oral route most common mode of transmission
gastroenteritis treatment
fluid replacement
avoid antidiarrheal
1st peds UTI
aggressive tx to prevent pyelo
specimen, culture
cover for e.coli
1st ped uti tx
2nd, 3rd gen ceph for 3-5 days (if no fever, 10 if there is)
if 2-24 months with first febrile uti
recommend renal and bladder US
most common cause of raised red papillae on tongue
strep throat
roseola caused by
human herpes virus 6
fifth dx caused by
parvovirus b19
herpangina virus caused by
coxsackie a virus
hand foot mouth virus caused by
coxsackie virus a16
measles rash
“brick red” rash, starts on head/neck, spreads to trunk/extremity
fifth dx rash
“slapped cheek”, lacy, maculopapular
rubella rash
looks like measles rash with lymphadenopathy, forchheimer spots
forchheimer spots
macules on soft palate, found in rubella
roseola rash
high fever 2-4 days
abrupt cessation of fever, maculopapular rash everywhere but face
scarlet fever
secondary to group a infection
sandpaper like rash
roseola occurs mostly commonly in
7-13 month old
rubella can cause
birth defects, miscarriage if contracted during pregnancy
measles 3 C’s
conjunctivitis
coryza (runny nose, congestion)
cough
koplik spots
found with measles
grains of sand of oral mucosa, precede rash
ADHD symptom of hyperactivity typically observed by age
4, peak in symptoms in 3-4 yrs
DSM5 criteria for ADHD dx
> 6 symptoms inattention, hyperactivity in kids, >5 in teens/adults
suspect autism spectrum disorder if
- Delayed language/communication milestones
- Regression in social or language skills
- Siblings with ASD
- Developmental concerns raised by caregivers
HA red flags
awaken child
n/v, altered mental status
<3 yrs
no fam hx
migraine ha tx children
no caffeine
exercise
sleep
topamax if over age 12
if history of intussusception
don’t give rotavirus vaccine
hydrocele should resolve in child by
1 yr
