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PLABABLE 2.0 > Pediatrics > Flashcards

Pediatrics Flashcards

1
Q

Fluctuant lateral neck masses + non-translucent + does not move on deglutition

A

Branchial cyst

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2
Q

Fluctuant lateral neck mass + transilluminates (Translucent)

A

Lymphangioma (Cystic Hygroma)

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3
Q

Leading non-genetic cause of sensorineural hearing loss

A

Congenital CMV

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4
Q

VItamin D dose for all children and adults?

For children aged 0-1?

A

400IU

340-400IU

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5
Q

MARFAN of Marfan’s Syndrome

A 
MVP
Aortic dissection and aneurysm
Regurgitant aortic valve
Fingers long (arachnodactyly)
Arm spam > Height
Nasal voice (high-arched palate)
Sternal excavation
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6
Q

Describe Streptococcus pyogenes in terms of morphology, catalase, hemolysis, and bacitracin sensitivity.

A

Streptococcus pyogenes (GABHS)

  • cocci in chains
  • catalase negative
  • beta hemolytic (complete hemolysis)
  • bacitracin sensitive
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7
Q

What is the most common cause of short stature and delayed puberty?
What investigation may be indicated?

A

Constitutional delay in growth and puberty

Wrist X-ray for bone age

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8
Q

Episodes of repetitive movements that last for a few seconds with symmetrical contractions of neck, trunk and extremities

Starts at around 6 months

associated with West syndrome

A

Infantile Spasm aka Salaam/Jack knife Attacks

*West Syndrome (Mental retardation, EEG changes, infantile Spasms)

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9
Q

What are the pathologic causes of early onset neonatal jaundice?

A

Rh incompatibility, ABO incompatibility, G6PD, Viral infections (Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, CMV, HSV), Criggler-Najjar, Dubin-Johnson, Gilbert’s

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10
Q

Most important cause of prolonged neonatal jaundice

A

Biliary atresia

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11
Q

What does spot bilirubin blood test show in Biliary atresia?

A

Raised conjugated (direct or B2) bilirubin

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12
Q

CRASH and BURN of Kawasaki Disease

A 
Conjunctivitis
Rashes
Adenopathy
Strawberry Tongue
Hands and foot desquamation
BURNing high temperature

(If sore throat is present, consider Scarlet Fever)

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13
Q

Initial and most urgent investigation if pyloric stenosis is in question

A

Serum K

Presents with hypochloremic, hypokalemic metabolic alkalosis

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14
Q

Initial diagnostic test for Wilson’s disease

A

Serum ceruloplasmin

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15
Q

Fifth Disease

A

Parvovirus B19

Slapped Cheek Syndrome

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16
Q

Erythema infectiosum is the most common presentation of which viral infection?

A

Parvovirus B19

17
Q

Describe the disease process of Slapped cheek syndrome

A

Erythema infectiosum, caused by Parvovirus B19, starts with fever and coryza. This is then followed by erythematous maculopapular rashes in the face sparing the nasolabial fold then lacy erythematous rashes in the proximal limbs and trunk.

Child is no longer infectious once rashes develop.

No treatment required. Only reassurance and supportive treatment.

18
Q

When is an urgent full blood count indicated for a patient with Parvovirus B19 infection?

A

It is only required for a patient who is breathless, dizzy and confused.
A full blood count will be beneficial especially for patients with SICKLE CELL ANEMIA, HEREDITARY SPHEROCYTOSIS, and THALASSEMIA.

19
Q

TRIAD of HUS

A

Hemolytic Anemia
Thrombocytopenia
Uremia

20
Q

Scarlet Fever and Kawasaki Disease have many common symptoms, however, Scarlet Fever can be differentiated from Kawasaki Disease as the former is presented with this more common chief complaint.

A

Sore throat

21
Q

Primary mode of diagnosing Cystic Fibrosis

A

Guthrie Test

22
Q

If in the event, cystic fibrosis was not demonstrated during the heel prick test, what test can be done in a patient who later on develops symptoms suggestive of cystic fibrosis?

A

Sweat Test

Genetic testing for CFTR gene

23
Q

Why can’t patients of Osteogenesis Imperfecta BITE?

A

Bone Fractures
I (eye) - blue sclera
Teeth imperfections
Ear hearing

24
Q

What are the 3Ds of acute epiglottitis?

A

Dysphonia, dysphagia, distress

25
Q

Thumbprint sign on a lateral neck X-ray can be seen in what upper respiratory tract infection?

A

Acute epiglottitis

26
Q

What is the causative agent of acute epiglottitis?

A

Hemophilus influenzae type B

27
Q

What are the symptoms of acute epiglottitis?

A

high-grade fever and 3Ds (dysphonia - muffled voice, drooling and dyspnea)

28
Q

Barking cough and low-grade fever with steeple sign on X-ray is a characteristic of what disease?

A

Croup

29
Q

Other name for croup

A

Laryngotracheobronchitis

30
Q

Treatment and causative agent of laryngotracheobronchitis

A

Single dose steroids

Parainfluenza virus

31
Q

Management of Kawasaki disease

A

IVIG + High-dose ASA

PLABABLE 2.0 (33 decks)

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