Endoscopy, Histology, X-ray, CT Scan Findings, Etc.

Question 1

Endoscopy: Crohn Disease

Answer 1

Cobblestone appearance, skip lesions, strictures,

Question 2

Histology: Crohn disease

Answer 2

Transmural, granuloma, lymphoid aggregates, increased goblet cells

Question 3

Abdominal X-ray: Toxic megacolon

Answer 3

Dilated colon with thumbprinting

***remember significant history of ulcerative colitis

Question 4

Jejunal or duodenal biopsy of coeliac disease

Answer 4

Villous atrophy
Crypt hyperplasia
Increased inter-epithelial lymphocytes

Question 5

X-ray findings of achalasia

Answer 5

Megaesophagus

Question 6

Barium swallow finding of achalasia

Answer 6

Dilated esophagus that tapers aka bird’s beak appearance

***Remember high resting pressure at the lower 3rd of the esophagus

Question 7

CXR findings of mediastinitis

Answer 7

Mediastinal widening

Question 8

Barium swallow finding of diffuse esophageal spasm

Answer 8

Corkscrew appearance at the time of spasm

Question 9

Typical finding of diffuse esophageal spasm in manometric studies

Answer 9

High-intensity disorganized contractions

Question 10

Biopsy finding of ulcerative colitis

Answer 10

Crypt abscess, decreased goblet cells

***Crypt hyperplasia is in coeliac disease (in addition to villous atrophy and lymphocytosis)

Question 11

Barium enema: Ulcerative colitis

Answer 11

Drain-pipe appearance, loss of haustration

Question 12

Biopsy: Hemochromatosis vs. Hemosiderosis

Answer 12

Hemochromatosis: iron pigments in the hepatocytes
Hemosiderosis: iron pigments in the Kupffer cells

Question 13

Blood findings of IDA

Answer 13

Low Hgb
Low MCV (microcytic anemia)
Low ferritin
High TIBC
High RDW

Question 14

Normal value for PTT

Answer 14

35-45?

Question 15

Bone marrow biopsy finding of aplastic anemia

Answer 15

Reduction of all hematopoietic cells which are replaced by fat cells

Question 16

Cystic formations with mild epithelial hyperplasia (fibrosis, epitheliosis and cystic formation)

Answer 16

Fibrocystic changes (Fibroadenosis)

Question 17

Histopathology: invasive intraductal carcinoma of the breast extending to the epithelium

Answer 17

Breast cancer

Question 18

In situ carcinoma involving the nipple epidermis

Answer 18

Paget’s disease

Question 19

Encapsulated adipocytes within a fibrotic stroma

Answer 19

Hamartoma

Question 20

Histopathology: Proliferation and expansion of the stroma with low cellularity

Answer 20

Fibroadenoma

Question 21

A well-circumscribed lump with clear margins and separate from the surrounding fatty tissue. There are overgrowths of fibrous and glandular tissue

Answer 21

Fibroadenoma

Question 22

Histopathology: Duct-like epithelium surrounded by fibrous bridging

Answer 22

Fibroadenoma