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PLABABLE 2.0 > Gynecology > Flashcards

Gynecology Flashcards

1
Q

UKMEC 1 for pregnant 6 weeks to 6 months breastfeeding mom

A

Progestogen-Only Pill

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2
Q

UKMEC 2 for pregnant 6 weeks to 6 months breastfeeding mom

A

COCP

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3
Q

FLOP of PCOS

A

FSH - normal
LH - increased (LH:FSH > 2)
Oestradiol - normal to mildly increased
Prolactin - normal to mildly increased

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4
Q

FLOP of Premature Ovarian Insuffiency

A

FSH - increased (Diagnostic Criteria: An elevated FSH > 25 on two occasions, 4 weeks apart)
LH - increased
Ostradiol - decreased
Prolactin - no information

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5
Q

FLOP of Prolactinoma

A

FSH - decreased
LH - decreased
Oestradiol - decreased
Prolactin - extremley increased (<5000 mU/L)

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6
Q

What are the differences among

  1. Premature Ovarian Failure
  2. Premature Menopause
  3. Early Menopause
  4. Menopause
  5. Perimenopause
A

Premature Ovarian Failure - onset of menopausal symptoms before age of 40; diagnosed with elevated FSH 4 wks apart for 2 occasions; can still have periods but irreg; can still get pregnant but difficult

Premature Menopause - 12 mos amenorrhea before 40; no periods; cannot get pregnant

Early Menopause - 12 mos amenorrhea 40-45

Perimenopause - irreg mens PLUS vasomotor symptoms

Early Menopause -

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7
Q

Best management for stress incontinence

A

Pelvic floor exercises

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8
Q

Vasomotor symptoms described in menopause

A 
Vaginal dryness
Irrritability
Dyspareunia
Hot flashes
Night sweats
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9
Q

How do you manage lost IUD

A
  1. Exclude pregnancy
    2a. If pregnant, Refer to Early Pregnancy Unit, IUD is seen in utero
    2b. If not pregnant, arrange for an ultrasound

Not seen in UTZ? Request for an Xray

  1. Not seen in abdominal X-ray? Assume expulsion AND offer replacement
  2. Seen in the abdominal cavity? Laparoscopy
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10
Q

INCONTINENCE:

“when I have to go to the toilet, I really have to go”

A

Urge Incontinence

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11
Q

INCONTINENCE:

“I have the desire to pass urine and sometimes urine leaks before I have time to get to the toilet”

A

Urge incontinence

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12
Q

Also known as overactive bladder

A

Urge incontinence

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13
Q

Pathophysiology of urge incontinence

A

Detrusor overactivity

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14
Q

Differentiate between urge and stress incontinence

A

In urge incontinence, there is overactivity of detrusor while in stress incontinence, there is weakness of pelvic floor muscles.

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15
Q

INCONTINENCE:

With history of many vaginal deliveries

A

STRESS INCONTINENCE

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16
Q

INCONTINENCE:

Happens during coughing or laughing

A

Stress Incontinence

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17
Q

INCONTINENCE:

There is an involuntary release of urine from an overfull UB, in the absence of an urge to urinate.

A

Overflow Incontinence

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18
Q

NICE recommendation on pelvic floor exercises for stress incontinence

A

8 contractions TID x 3 mos

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19
Q

Which drug for urge incontinence should be avoided in frail older women?

A

Oxybutynin

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20
Q

Outpatient therapy for PID

A

Ceftriaxone 500mg IM single dose
Followed by:
1. Doxycycline 100mg PO BD x 14 days
2. Metronidazole 400mg PO BD x 14 days

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21
Q

Outpatient therapy for Chlamydia cervicitis

A

Doxycycline 100mg PO BD x 7 days

Azithromycin 1g PO single dose then 500mg OD x 2 more days

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22
Q

Outpatient therapy for N gonorrhoeae cervicitis

A

unknown antimicrobial susceptibility - Ceftriaxone 1g IM single dose

Known susceptible to ciprofloxacin - ciprofloxacin 500mg PO single dose

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23
Q

Complications of pelvic inflammatory disease

A

ICE
Infertility
Chronic pelvic pain

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24
Q

UKMEC2 in patients who suffer from migraine with aura

A

MIrena IUD
POP
DMPA
Progestogen-only implant

25
Q

UKMEC1 for patients with migraine with aura

A

Copper IUD

26
Q

In cervical ectropion, _ epithelium of the ectocervix is replaced by _ epithelium of the endocervix.

A

Squamous

Columnar

27
Q

Risk Factor for Cervical ectropion

A

Pregnancy
Puberty
COCP

28
Q

What are the common features of a patient who present with chorioamnionitis?

A 
Maternal tachycardia - precedes pyrexia
Uterine tenderness
Abdominal pain
Fetal tachycardia = fetal distress
Foul-smelling amniotic fluid
Uterus small for dates

Labs:
Leukocytosis
Increased inflammatory markers

29
Q

Management for chorioamnionitis

A

IV ampicillin and Gentamicin

30
Q

If a patient tests negative for HR-HPV, how will routine recall be done?

A

Every 3 years for age 25-49

Every 5 years for age >50

31
Q

A patient tests positive for HR-HPV, what is the next step?

A

Cytology triage
If normal cytology, rescreen in 12mos
If abnormal, Colposcopy referral

32
Q

Contraception Clincher:

Sexually active woman requiring contraception with sickle cell disease and menorrhagia

A

Depo-Provera IM (injectable progesterone, DMPA)

33
Q

What parameters are increased in PCOS?

A

Serum DHEAS
Total serum testosterone
(Serum prolactin can be normal to mildly increased)

34
Q

Why is ultrasound superior to CT scan in diagnosing PCOS?

A

Ultrasound is part of the Rotterdam consensus criteria in diagnosing PCOS

You have to fulfill 2 out of 3, that which is comprised of:

  1. UTZ finding of polycystic ovaries (12 or more)
  2. Oligo-ovulation or anovulation
  3. Clinical and/or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism
35
Q

How is hyperandrogenism in PCOS diagnosed?

A

FAI>5

*free androgen index

36
Q

What are the biochemical abnormalities found in PCOS?

A

Hyperandrogenism - FAI>5
Hyperinsulinemia
Increase in serum LH (LH:FSH of 2:1 or 3:1)

37
Q

UTZ findings of complete mole

A

Snowstorm appearance (mixed echogenicity, representing hydropic villi and intrauterine hemorrhage)

38
Q

After a diagnosis of molar pregnancy, when is a woman advised to try to conceive again?

A

6 mos after hCG levels have been normal
OR
12mos after COMPLETING chemotherapy

39
Q

Treatment of post-menopausal symptoms if woman is a smoker

A

HRT is given as transdermal patch as oral route has a higher risk for VTE

40
Q

Treatment of postmenopausal symptoms if woman has no uterus or if there is IUS in place

A

Estrogen-only HRT

- because progesterone is usually added to estrogen to protect against EM carcinoma

41
Q

Endometrial ablation as a surgical management for fibroids is only indicated for fibroids of this size

A

Less than 3cm in diameter

42
Q

What symptoms should alarm you to check for CA-125 in a woman aged 50 and above?

A

Bloatedness
Early satiety
Abdominal pain
Increased urinary urgency or frequency

43
Q

Diagnostic imaging method of choice for acute pelvic pain in gynecology

A

UTZ

For tubo-ovarian abscess: TVS

44
Q

Management for premature ovarian failure

A

HRT until age 51

45
Q

Why is UTZ preferred over swabs in the diagnosis of PID in acute care setting?

A

For the reason that swabs would take days to return with results

46
Q

Fibroid without uterine distortion PLUS menorrhagia

A

MIrena coil (LNG-releasing IUS)

47
Q

Contraceptive for a woman with fibroid which does not distort uterine cavity

A

All methods can be used BUT LNG-IUS is the most effective (provides contraception and decrease menstrual bleeds)

48
Q

WHich contraceptive should you AVOID in a patient with fibroids but distorts the uterine cavity?

A

IUS and IUD

49
Q

Cervical smear shows inflammatory changes without dyskaryosis. PE: normal cervix and vaginal mucosa. No discharge. Next action?

A

Repeat after 6 mos - to ensure that inflammation has resolved after 6 mos

50
Q

Which type of HRT should be given in a pregnant woman with hysterectomy and has an IUS? (***pregnant talaga???)

A

Oestrogen-only HRT

51
Q

Cyclical combined HRT is intended for this population

A

Peri-menopausal woman

52
Q

Which type of HRT should be given to menopausal women?

A

Continuous combined HRT

  • also those women who have been taking cyclical combined HRT for 1 year
53
Q

Young woman + not sexually active + does not require contraception + menorrhagia

A

IUS

54
Q

Sexually active woman who requires contraception + menorrhagia/dysmenorrhoea OR with fibroids that do not distort the uterine cavity

A

IUS Mirena

55
Q

Sexually active woman who requires contraception + menorrhagia/dysmenorrhoea OR with fibroids that do not distort the uterine cavity + younger than 20 y/o

UKMEC 1?

A

COCP, POP, Nexplanon (etonogestrel implant)

56
Q

Sexually active woman who requires contraception + menorrhagia/dysmenorrhoea OR with fibroids that do not distort the uterine cavity + younger than 20 y/o

UKMEC 2?

A

IUS Mirena (LNG-releasing IUS)

57
Q

Sexually active woman who requires contraception + afflicted with sickle cell disease + presents with menorrhagia

A

DMPA (Depo-Provera) injection

58
Q

Emergency contraception within 72 hours of unprotected sex

A

Levonelle pill (LNG)

59
Q

Emergency contraception within 120 hours of unprotected sex

A

IUCD
Or
ellaOne pill (Ullipristal acetate)

PLABABLE 2.0 (33 decks)

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