Nephrology Flashcards
What to do in a CKD patient taking Metformin whose eGFR < 45?
Reduce dose
What to do in a CKD patient taking Metformin whose eGFR < 30?
Discontinue
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in adult
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Most common cause of nephrotic syndrome in children
Minimal change disease
Pedia + facial swelling + frothy urine + fusion of podocytes on electron microscopy
Minimal change disease
Another name for rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis
Cresentic glomerulonephritis
Nephrotic syndrome with good response with steroids
Minimal change disease
Remember: frothy urine, facial swelling, fusion of podocytes
Presents with hematuria and hypertension in a young adult after URTI
IgA nephropathy (Berger’s Disease): nephritic syndrome Mesangioproliferative GN - also a nephritic syndrome
Difference of CKD from multiple myeloma in terms of Hgb and serum calcium
Both anemia
CKD — hypocalcemia (due to impaired hydroxylation of VIt D in the kidney)
Multiple Myeloma — hypercalcemia (due to to increased bone resorption)
What comprises the Goodpasture Syndrome?
Acute Rapidly Progressive Glomerulonephritis
PLUS
Pulmonary Alveolar Hemorrhage
Most appropriate INITIAL investigation in the diagnosis of Goodpasture syndrome?
Anti-GBM antibodies
Most accurate investigation for Goodpasture syndrome
BIOPSY of lung or kidney - cresentic GN
Differentiate Goodpasture syndrome from Alport syndrome
Goodpasture syndrome - acute RPGN plus pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage
Alport syndrome - X-linked; Goodpasture syndrome + visual loss + sensorineural hearing loss
Differentiate Churg-Strauss from Wegener’s granulomatosis.
They are both GRANULOMATOSIS WITH POLYANGIITIS.
Churg-Strauss
- also known as eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis
- allergic rhinitis or asthma + eosinophilia
- p-ANCA
Wegener’s granulomatosis
- epistaxis + hematuria
- c-ANCA
