Pediatric Vaccinations Flashcards
Time: Birth
Hep B
2, 4, 6, months
Rotavirus Hep B DTaP Hib Pneumococcal IPV (inactivated polio vaccine)
12 months
MMR Varicella Hep A Hib Pneumococcal
5 years
DTaP
Polio
MMR
Varicella
Hepatitis B
Sx: mild fever, GI upset, anorexia, vomit, diarrhea, jaundice, hepatomegaly
Tx: maternal seropositivity - hep B immune globulin w/in 12 hours along with vaccination
Vaccines:
- birth
- 1-2 month
- 6 month
Rotavirus
Sx: fever, vomiting, watery diarrhea –> dehydration
Tx: rehydrate, good hygiene
Vaccine: live attenuated (PO)
RotaTeq: 2, 4, 6 mo
Rotarix: 2, 4 mo
Series should not be started in infants over 15wk old
All doses by 8 mo
Diphtheria
Sx: sore throat, mild fever, hoarseness, inflammation, arrhythmias and paralysis, gray membranous pharyngitis
- Tx: antitoxin w/in 48hr, abx (pen, ery)
Pertussis
Sx: - catarrhal: URI (1-2wk) - paroxysmal: whooping cough (2-4wk) - convalescent: dry cough (1-2wk) Tx: culture from NP swap --> erythro for child and household contacts
Tetanus
Sx: hypertonicity, spasm of regional muscles, trismus
- newborns: irritability, inability to nurse, jaw stiffness, dysphagia, hyperreflexia
high mortality
DTaP vaccine
- diphtheria toxoid
- tetanus toxoid
- acellular pertussis vaccine
Series of 4 doses
- 2, 4, 6 and 15-18 months
- booster dose at 4-6 years
Tdap at age 11-14 w/HPV and meningitis
Hib
Sxs: meningitis, acute epiglottitis, septic arthritis, cellulitis
Vaccine: inactivated vaccine
- 2, 4, 6 and 12-15 months
- all patients 12-59yo should receive at least one dose of Hib vaccine
Pneumococcal
Sx: bacterial meningitis, sepsis, pneumonia, acute OM, sinusitis
- highest mortality in kids and elderly
Vaccines
PCV13 (Prevnar) - conjugated
- 2, 4, 6, 12-15 mo
- 1 dose to all healthy kids 24-59mo who are not completely vaccinated for their age
PPSV23 (Pneumovax) - inactivated polysaccharide
- 2yo and high risk
Polio
Inactivated vaccine
- 2, 4, 6-18mo and again at 4-6yr
- fecal-oral spread
- asymptomatic
- paralysis
Measles (Rubeola)
Prodrome: fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza
- koplik’s spots (white spots on buccal mucosa)
- brick-red, maculopapular rash - spreads cephalocaudal
Tx: supportive
Mumps (Parotitis)
- pain and swelling in front of and below ear
- complication: orchitis
- contagious 1-2d before parotid swelling to 5 days after
tx: complete recovery w/supportive care in 1-2wk
Rubella (German Measles)
- rare
- pink, maculopapuluar rash beginning on face and progressing to toes
tx: supportive
MMR Vaccine
- live attenuated
1st dose: 12-15 mo
2nd dose: 4-6 yr
Varicella
Sx:
- pruritic, vesicular rash
- scattered lesions start on trunk, spread to face and extremities
- contagious 2d prior to rash to complete crusting
tx: supportive
Vaccine: live attenuated
- 12-15 mo, 4-6 yr
Hepatitis A
Sx: fecal-oral spread, fever, malaise, jaundice, HA, vomiting, abd pain, light-colored stool
Vaccine
- minimum age 12mo
- next dose 6 mo later
HPV
Sx: cervical cancer, anogenital cancer, oral and esophageal cancer
Vaccine: Gardasil 9
- 11-12yo before start of sexual activity
1st dose before 15yo: 2 doses of HPV at 0, 6-12 month intervals
1st dose after 15yo: 3 doses at 0, 1-2, and 6 month intervals
Meningococcal
- peaks infants <1yo and 17-20yo
Vaccine:
- Menactra/Menveo (quad, no B coverage)
- 11-18yo, college freshman in dorms
- 1st dose 11-12yo and boost at 16-18yo - Meningococcal B Vaccine - Bexsero, Trumenba
- 16-23yo, ideally 16-18yo
- 2 or 3 dose series - brands not interchangeable
Influenza
Sx: fever, HA, myalgias, sore throat, nasal congestion, cough
Vaccine:
1. inactivated influenza (quad, can be given to anyone)
- live attenuated (Flumist) - avoid in asthmatics, chronic disease, immunosuppressed
Kids under 9 get 2 doses, a month apart, the first year of vaccination only
Annually thereafter
