Pediatric Flashcards
PAT
Circulation
Appearance
Work of breathing
PAT Circulation
-Pallor (pale)
-Mottling (Blotchy, red-purplish marbling)
-Cyanosis
PAT Appearance
-Tone
-Interactiveness
-Consolability
-Look/Gaze
-Speech
PAT Work of Breathing
-Positioning
-Breath sounds
-Retractions
-Flaring
-Apnea/Gasping
Respiratory Distress
-Tachycardia
-Head Bobbing
-Seesaw Breathing
-Retractions
-Nasal Flaring
-Marked Irritability
-Expiratory grunting (Impending Respiratory Failure)
S/S SHOCK
-Limp
-Unlabored rapid breathing
-Pale/Mottled skin
-Rapid & Thready Pulse (Late sign)
BP Formula
Age x 2 + 70
Pediatric H’s
Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Hypoglycemia
Hypo/Hyperkalemia
Hydrogen Ion (Acidosis)
Pediatric T’s
Tension Pneumothorax
Tamponade (Cardiac)
Toxins
Thrombosis, Pulmonary or Coronary
Trauma
Neonatal Vitals <1 month
RR: 30-60
HR: 100-205
BP: 67-84 / 35-53
Infant Vitals 1mo - 1 yr
RR: 30-60
HR: 100-180
BP: 72-104 / 37-56
> 60 minimal systolic
Toddler Vitals 1 - 3 yrs
RR: 24-40
HR: 95-150
BP: 86-106 / 42-63
> 70 minimal systolic
Vitals 3 - 5 yrs
RR: 22-34
HR: 80-140
BP: 89-112 / 46-72
> 75 minimal systolic
Vitals 6 - 11 yrs
RR: 18-30
HR: 70-120
BP: 97-115 / 57-76
> 80 minimal systolic
Vitals 12 - 15 yrs
RR: 12-20
HR: 60-100
BP: 110-131 / 64-83
> 90 minimal systolic
Signs of Respiratory Distress
Irritable/Anxious
Tachypnea & Tachycardia
Retractions/Poor muscle tone
Nasal flaring
Head bobbing
Grunting
Cyanosis that improves with supplemental oxygen
Signs of Respiratory Failure
Irritability deteriorating to lethargy
Marked tachypnea deteriorating to bradypnea
Marked retractions deteriorating to agonal respirations
Marked tachycardia deteriorating to bradycardia
Central cyanosis
Bradycardia Causes
-Hypoxia
-Hypoglycemia
-Hypothermia
-Meds/toxins
-Severe dehydration
Croup
Affects PEDs 16 months - 3 years old.
Caused by a viral infection and typically has a slower onset of symptoms
S/S:
-barking seal cough
-Low-grade fever
Coughing
Decreased appetite
Fainting or dizziness
Heart palpitations
Irritable disposition
Irregular heartbeat or tachycardia
Low-grade fever or chills
Shortness of breath
Tiredness
An acute bacterial infection of the subglottic (below the vocal cords) area of the upper airway; A history of a preceding viral infection is typically present
S/S:
- Copious thick, pus-filled secretions
- Productive cough
- Stridor
- Respiratory distress of varying degrees (may prefer a sniffing position)
- Febrile
- High fever
- Inspiratory Stridor (lower pitch than croup)
- Painful swallowing & drooling
- Muffled Voice
- Rapid progression of respiratory distress (Tripoding)
HX:
3 - 7 years old
Epiglottitis
A bacterial infection that causes severe swelling of the epiglottis and adjacent structures
TX:
-Positioning
-Humidified O2 or Ventilating if indicated
Bronchiolitis
A lower airway infection that most commonly affects infants under 2 years, presents like asthma but w/ a fever.
S/S:
-Wheezing
-Low-grade fever
Foreign Body Upper airway Obstruction
Acute onset of dyspnea in the absence of fever
Myocarditis
Usually resulting from a viral infection
S/S:
-Low-grade fever
-Palpitations (common)
-Fatigue or exhaustion
-Pallor
-Anorexia
-Chest pain (usually described as sharp or stabbing)
-Dyspnea at rest or with exertion -Orthopnea
-Signs of heart failure
Coughing/SOB
Chest Pain
Decreased appetite
Fatigue
Irritability/Dizziness/Syncope
Tachycardia/Palpitations
Low-grade fever or chills
HX:
Infection
Pericarditis
Caused by a viral or bacterial infection
-Chest pain that may change with position & is often made worse with deep breaths
-Low-grade fever
-Irritability
-Fatigue
-Loss of appetite
-Irregular heartbeat
-Fever/Chills
-Severe headache
-Nausea/Vomiting
-Stiff neck/Neck Pain
-Sensitivity to light
-ALOC/Seizure
-Bulging fontanelles (the soft spots in a baby’s skull may bulge)
-Poor feeding or irritability in children
Meningitis
Complex Febrile Seizures
last more than 15 minutes; They are focal (nongeneralized) and may occur in a child with baseline developmental or neurologic abnormality. They may also be associated with serious illness.
Increased ICP
A slow, bounding pulse
Bulging fontanelles
