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Pathophys > Pediatric > Flashcards

Pediatric Flashcards

1
Q

PAT

A

Circulation

Appearance

Work of breathing

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2
Q

PAT Circulation

A

-Pallor (pale)
-Mottling (Blotchy, red-purplish marbling)
-Cyanosis

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3
Q

PAT Appearance

A

-Tone
-Interactiveness
-Consolability
-Look/Gaze
-Speech

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4
Q

PAT Work of Breathing

A

-Positioning
-Breath sounds
-Retractions
-Flaring
-Apnea/Gasping

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5
Q

Respiratory Distress

A

-Tachycardia
-Head Bobbing
-Seesaw Breathing
-Retractions
-Nasal Flaring
-Marked Irritability
-Expiratory grunting (Impending Respiratory Failure)

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6
Q

S/S SHOCK

A

-Limp
-Unlabored rapid breathing
-Pale/Mottled skin
-Rapid & Thready Pulse (Late sign)

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7
Q

BP Formula

A

Age x 2 + 70

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8
Q

Pediatric H’s

A

Hypovolemia
Hypoxia
Hypothermia
Hypoglycemia
Hypo/Hyperkalemia
Hydrogen Ion (Acidosis)

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9
Q

Pediatric T’s

A

Tension Pneumothorax
Tamponade (Cardiac)
Toxins
Thrombosis, Pulmonary or Coronary
Trauma

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10
Q

Neonatal Vitals <1 month

A

RR: 30-60
HR: 100-205
BP: 67-84 / 35-53

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11
Q

Infant Vitals 1mo - 1 yr

A

RR: 30-60
HR: 100-180
BP: 72-104 / 37-56
> 60 minimal systolic

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12
Q

Toddler Vitals 1 - 3 yrs

A

RR: 24-40
HR: 95-150
BP: 86-106 / 42-63
> 70 minimal systolic

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13
Q

Vitals 3 - 5 yrs

A

RR: 22-34
HR: 80-140
BP: 89-112 / 46-72
> 75 minimal systolic

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14
Q

Vitals 6 - 11 yrs

A

RR: 18-30
HR: 70-120
BP: 97-115 / 57-76
> 80 minimal systolic

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15
Q

Vitals 12 - 15 yrs

A

RR: 12-20
HR: 60-100
BP: 110-131 / 64-83
> 90 minimal systolic

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16
Q

Signs of Respiratory Distress

A

Irritable/Anxious

Tachypnea & Tachycardia

Retractions/Poor muscle tone

Nasal flaring

Head bobbing

Grunting

Cyanosis that improves with supplemental oxygen

17
Q

Signs of Respiratory Failure

A

Irritability deteriorating to lethargy

Marked tachypnea deteriorating to bradypnea

Marked retractions deteriorating to agonal respirations

Marked tachycardia deteriorating to bradycardia

Central cyanosis

18
Q

Bradycardia Causes

A

-Hypoxia
-Hypoglycemia
-Hypothermia
-Meds/toxins
-Severe dehydration

19
Q

Croup

A

Affects PEDs 16 months - 3 years old.

Caused by a viral infection and typically has a slower onset of symptoms

S/S:
-barking seal cough
-Low-grade fever

20
Q

Coughing
Decreased appetite
Fainting or dizziness
Heart palpitations
Irritable disposition
Irregular heartbeat or tachycardia
Low-grade fever or chills
Shortness of breath
Tiredness

A

An acute bacterial infection of the subglottic (below the vocal cords) area of the upper airway; A history of a preceding viral infection is typically present

S/S:
- Copious thick, pus-filled secretions
- Productive cough
- Stridor
- Respiratory distress of varying degrees (may prefer a sniffing position)
- Febrile

21
Q
  • High fever
  • Inspiratory Stridor (lower pitch than croup)
  • Painful swallowing & drooling
  • Muffled Voice
  • Rapid progression of respiratory distress (Tripoding)

HX:
3 - 7 years old

A

Epiglottitis

A bacterial infection that causes severe swelling of the epiglottis and adjacent structures

TX:
-Positioning
-Humidified O2 or Ventilating if indicated

22
Q

Bronchiolitis

A

A lower airway infection that most commonly affects infants under 2 years, presents like asthma but w/ a fever.

S/S:
-Wheezing
-Low-grade fever

23
Q

Foreign Body Upper airway Obstruction

A

Acute onset of dyspnea in the absence of fever

24
Q

Myocarditis

A

Usually resulting from a viral infection

S/S:
-Low-grade fever
-Palpitations (common)
-Fatigue or exhaustion
-Pallor
-Anorexia
-Chest pain (usually described as sharp or stabbing)
-Dyspnea at rest or with exertion -Orthopnea
-Signs of heart failure

25
Q

Coughing/SOB
Chest Pain
Decreased appetite
Fatigue
Irritability/Dizziness/Syncope
Tachycardia/Palpitations
Low-grade fever or chills

HX:
Infection

A

Pericarditis

Caused by a viral or bacterial infection

-Chest pain that may change with position & is often made worse with deep breaths
-Low-grade fever
-Irritability
-Fatigue
-Loss of appetite
-Irregular heartbeat

26
Q

-Fever/Chills
-Severe headache
-Nausea/Vomiting
-Stiff neck/Neck Pain
-Sensitivity to light
-ALOC/Seizure
-Bulging fontanelles (the soft spots in a baby’s skull may bulge)
-Poor feeding or irritability in children

A

Meningitis

27
Q

Complex Febrile Seizures

A

last more than 15 minutes; They are focal (nongeneralized) and may occur in a child with baseline developmental or neurologic abnormality. They may also be associated with serious illness.

28
Q

Increased ICP

A

A slow, bounding pulse

Bulging fontanelles

Pathophys (16 decks)

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