Abd & GI Flashcards
Somatic Pain
Well localized & often described as sharp
Left shoulder referred pain
-Diaphram irritation (blood or air from rupture of other abdominal structures such as ovaries)
-Ruptured spleen
-Myocardial infarction
Visceral Pain
Described as:
-Heaviness
-Pressure
-Aching or burning (not easy to pinpoint)
-Radiates to other areas & may be accompanied by symptoms
Right shoulder referred pain
-Liver irritation
-Gallbladder pain
-Diaphragm irritation
Right scapular referred pain
Liver & gallbladder
Epigastric referred pain
-Stomach
-Lung
-Cardiac
Umbilical referred pain
-Small intestine
-Appendix
Back referred pain
-Aorta
-Stomach
-Pancreas
Flanks to groin referred pain
-Kidneys
-Ureter
Perineal referred pain
Bladder
Suprapubic referred pain
-Bladder
-Colon
Pain when raising a straight leg against resistance
Psoas sign
May indicate:
-Appendicitis
-Right-side AAA
Pain when dropping from tippy-toes to heels w/ a jarring landing
Markle Sign
May indicate:
-Localized peritonitis due to acute appendicitis
Tenderness midway between the anterior-superior iliac spine & the umbilicus
McBurney sign
May indicate:
Acute appendicitis
Pain in LLQ when palpated
Rovsing sign
May indicate:
-Appendicitis
Referred Pain
Aaron sign
Pain in chest or epigastrium when Mcburney point is palpated
May indicate:
-Appendicitis
Pain w/ flexed hip rotation
Obturator sign
May indicate:
-Appendicitis
Periumbilical blue discoloration
Cullen’s Sign
May indicate:
-Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
-Pancreatic Hemorrhage
-Ectopic Pregnancy
-Ruptured Spleen
-Ruptured common Bile duct
-Perforated duodenal ulcer
-AAA rupture
Blue discoloration of flanks
Grey Turner Sign
May indicate:
-Retroperitoneal hemorrhage
-Pancreatic Hemorrhage
-AAA rupture
Severe left shoulder pain
Kerh Sign
May indicate:
-Splenic rupture
-Ectopic pregnancy rupture
Cessation of inspiration during examination of RUQ
Murphy’s Sign
May indicate:
-Acute cholecystitis
Acute Gastroenteritis
(Stomach Flu)
Abrupt & violent in onset
caused by:
-viruses (norovirus, shigella, salmonella)
-Bacteria
-Parasites
-Toxins or chemicals
-Allergies, lactose intolerance, immune disorders
-Diarrhea
-Nausea and vomiting
-Loss of appetite
-Abdominal pain & cramping
-Fever
-Chills
-Fatigue
-Body aches
Chronic Gastroenteritis
-Epigastric pain & tenderness
-Nausea & vomiting (may be severe)
-Fever
-Anorexia
-Mucosal bleeding
-May lead to hypovolemia
Ulcerative Colitis
Type of IBF affecting the large intestine; Characterized by ulceration of the mucosa of the intestine (usually rectum & lower part of colon, but sometimes entire colon)
Abdominal pain
Chronic Fatigue
Fever
Weight-loss
Anorexia
Bloody diarrhea w/ or w/out mucus
Crohn disease
A chronic IBF that usually affects the ileum or colon (or both), but may occur anywhere in the GI tract from mouth to anus; Autoimmune & hereditary in origin
Abdominal pain
Chronic Fatigue
Fever
Weight-loss
Anorexia
Bloody diarrhea w/ or w/out mucus
Happens in frequent attacks
May cause depression due to pain & relentless inconvenience
Diverticulitis
Outpouching (due to hypertension) in the colon becomes obstructed w/ fecal matter
Massive bright red rectal bleeding
Dark stools if bleeding is from a diverticulum in the right colon 🩸💩
Irregular bowel habits (alternating constipation & diarrhea)
Cramping & Bloating
LLQ Pain & Tenderness
Fever
Nausea & Vomiting🤮
Appendicitis
Condition in which the appendix becomes inflamed, swollen, or infected due to fecal matter obstruction or viral/bacterial infection
Guarding tenderness
Psoas & obturator signs
Nausea and vomiting
Loss of appetite
Low-grade fever
Aaron, Rovsing, Markle, & McBurney signs
Constipation or diarrhea
Abdominal bloating
Peptic Ulcer Disease
infection due to either bacterium Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) or long-term use of (NSAIDs)
Discomfort or Pain (could radiate to the back)
Pain aggravated by meals= Gastric ulcers
Pain relieved by meals = Duodenal ulcers
Burning
Heartburn or acid reflux🔥
Intolerance to fatty foods
Feeling of fullness, bloating or belching
Nausea & Vomiting/Blood (Coffee Grounds)
Loss of Appetite or Weightloss
Dark Blood in Stool
Bowel obstruction
Occlusion of the intestinal lumen that results in blockage of normal flow of intestinal contents due to:
-Hernia
-Fecal impaction
-Polyps
-Tumor
Severe abdominal pain
Abdominal distension
Severe cramping
Feelings of fullness or swelling in your belly
Loud sounds from your belly; Gassy
Constipation
Nausea and vomiting
*The most serious danger is perforation of the bowel, which may lead to generalized peritonitis and sepsis
Pancreatitis
Occurs when the pancreas becomes inflamed, releasing pancreatic enzymes into the blood, the pancreatic duct, and the pancreas itself
-Epigastric tenderness
-Abdominal tenderness & distension
-Nausea & vomiting
-Grey turner & Cullen signs (2-3 days after)
*Severe Cases:
-Fever
-Tachycardia
-Generalized sepsis and shock.
Esophageal Varives
Enlarged or swollen tortuous veins (at the end of esophagus) caused by portable hypertension due to cirrhosis
Bright red hematemesis
Melena or bloody stools
Signs of shock
Hemorrhoids
Swollen, distended veins inside the anus or under the skin around the anus
Slight bleeding (blood in toilet paper)
Cholescystitis
Inflammation of the gallbladder
Risk factors include:
-Female
-Oral contraceptive use
-Older age
-Obesity
-Diabetes mellitus
-Chronic alcohol ingestion
-Nausea & vomiting that may be bile stained
-Murphy’s sign
Acute Hepatitis
Inflammation of the liver
Sudden onset of:
**Jaundice
Dark urine
Dull right upper quadrant pain
Malaise/Weakness
Anorexia
Intermittent nausea and 🤮 **
Hereditary hemochromatosis
Body absorbs and stores too much iron, which accumulates in organs such as the liver, heart, and pancreas
-Joint pain
-Fatigue
-Abdominal pain
-Decreased libido
-Heart problems
Peritonitis
**Inflammation of the peritoneum that is often caused by an infection from a hole in the bowel or a burst appendix
Severe pain & distension
Extreme thirst & Low urine output
Fatigue
Diarrhea
Fever
Severe Constipation & Bloating
Inability to pass gas
Nausea & Vomiting
-Acute onset of “tearing/ripping” unrelieved Abdominal, Flank or Back pain, may radiate downward
-Unexplained hypotension/syncope/Sock
-Absent distal pulses
-Unequal BP readings on arms
-Urge to poop
-Pulsatile, tender mass (above umbilicus, left or midline)
-Cullen & Grey Turner Sign
HX:
-HTN
-Trauma
Dissecting Aortic Aneurism
-RUQ Pain/Tenderness/Rigidity
-Generalized ABD Pain
-Right Shoulder Pain (referred)
-Cullen & Grey Turner Sign
-Nausea/Vomiting
-ALOC
-Shock
HX:
-Steering Wheel or Lap Belt
-Contact Sport
-Fall
Liver Trauma
Often injured by trauma to the 8th through 12th ribs on the right side of the body and to the upper central part of the abdomen
-Pain/Tenderness/Rigidity in LUQ
-Generalized ABD Pain
-Left Shoulder Pain (referred)
-Cullen & Grey Turner Sign
-ALOC
-Shock
HX:
-MVA
-Trauma
Spleen Trauma
-Flank Pain/Lower Back/Abd Pain
-Abd Tenderness
-Fatigue/Drowsiness/ALOC
-Decreased Urine Output/Hematuria
-Chest Pain & SOB
-Edema
-Decreased appetite & Nausea/Vomiting
-Shock
HX:
-Trauma
Kidney (Renal) Trauma
