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Musculoskeletal > Pectoral girdle and Axilla > Flashcards

Pectoral girdle and Axilla Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior muscles in the axial skeleton to the pectoral girdle

A

Subclavius
Pectoralis minor
Serratus anterior

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2
Q

Posterior muscles in the axial skeleton to the pectoral girdle

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid minor
Rhomboid major

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3
Q

Anterior muscles in the axial skeleton to the humerus

A

Pectoralis minor

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4
Q

Posterior muscles in the axial skeleton the the humerus

A

Latisimus dorsi

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5
Q

Levator scapulae origin

A

Transverse processes of atlas and axis

Posterior tubercles of C4 + 5

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6
Q

Levator scapulae insertion

A

Superior angle and medial border of scapula

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7
Q

Levator scapulae innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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8
Q

Levator scapulae functions

A

Elevates scapula

Helps inferiorly rotate scapula

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9
Q

Rhomboid minor origin

A

Spinous processes of C7 and T1 vertebrae

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10
Q

Rhomboid major origin

A

Spinous processes of T2 - 5

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11
Q

Rhomboids insertion

A

Medial border of scapula

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12
Q

Rhomboids innervation

A

Dorsal scapular nerve

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13
Q

Rhomboids functions

A

Retract scapula

Help inferiorly rotate scapula

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14
Q

Latissimus dorsi origin

A

Spinous processes of T7 to L5

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15
Q

Latissimus dorsi insertion

A

Floor of intertubercular groove on the anterior humerus

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16
Q

Latissimus dorsi innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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17
Q

Latissimus dorsi functions

A

Adducts humerus
Internally rotates humerus
Depress scapula
Help inferiorly rotate scapula

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18
Q

Pectoralis major origin

A

Sternocostal head

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19
Q

Pectoralis major insertion

A

Lateral lip of intertubercular groove

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20
Q

Pectoralis major innervation

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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21
Q

Pectoralis major functions

A 
Adducts humerus
Internally rotates humerus
Helps protract scapula
Depresses scapula
Inferiorly rotates scapula
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22
Q

Pectoralis minor origin

A

Ribs 3 - 5

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23
Q

Pectoralis minor insertion

A

Coracoid process

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24
Q

Pectoralis minor innervation

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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25
Q

Pectoralis minor functions

A

Depresses scapula

Helps protract scapula

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26
Q

Subclavius origin

A

Costal cartilage of 1st rib

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27
Q

Subclavius insertion

A

Clavicle

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28
Q

Subclavius innervation

A

C5

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29
Q

Subclavius functions

A

Braces clavicle

Weak depressor of scapula

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30
Q

Serratus anterior origin

A

Ribs 1 - 8/9

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31
Q

Serratus anterior insertion

A

Medial border of scapula

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32
Q

Serratus anterior innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

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33
Q

Serratus anterior functions

A

Protracts scapula
Helps superiorly rotate scapula
Depresses scapula

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34
Q

Movements of scapula

A

Retraction + protraction
Elevation + depression
Superior + inferior rotation

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35
Q

3 angles of the scapula

A

Superior
Inferior
Glenoid fossa

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36
Q

3 borders of the scapula

A

Superior border
Medial border
Lateral border

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37
Q

3 protuberances of the scapula

A

Acromion
Coracoid process
Spine

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38
Q

3 surfaces of the scapula

A

Supraspinous fossa
Infraspinous fossa
Subscapula fossa

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39
Q

Scapula location

A

Covers postero-lateral surface of ribs 2 - 7

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40
Q

Clavicle strut location

A

Between manubrium and acromial process of scapula

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41
Q

Sternoclavicular joint

A

Saddle shaped joint
Between medial end of clavicle and sternum
Two cavities divided by fibrocartilagenous disc

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42
Q

Four ligaments of SC joint

A

Anterior sternoclavicular
Posterior sternoclavicular
Interclavicular
Costoclavicular

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43
Q

Costoclavicular joint importance

A

Fulcrum for clavicular movements

Chief stabiliser of SC joint

44
Q

Acromioclavicular joint

A

Synovial
Between lateral end of clavicle and medial border of acromion
Wedge shaped fibrocartilagenous disc inside
Loose AC joint capsule, strengthened by strong coracoclavicular ligament

45
Q

2 compartments of coracoclavicular ligament

A

Conoid + trapezoid

46
Q

Trapezius origin

A

Head to bottom of thorax

47
Q

Trapezius insertion

A

Anatomical horseshoe

48
Q

Trapezius innervation

A

Accessory nerve CN XI

49
Q

Trapezius functions

A

Retracts scapula

50
Q

Superior trapezius function

A

Elevates scapula

Superior rotation of scapula

51
Q

Inferior trapezius function

A

Depresses scapula

Superior rotation of scapula

52
Q

Middle trapezius function

A

Retracts scapula

53
Q

Axilla

A

Space between upper arm and side of upper chest

Truncated pyramid

54
Q

Axilla apex borders

A

Medial: lateral border of first rib
Anterior: clavicle
Posterior: superior border of scapula

55
Q

Axilla base borders

A

Medial: serratus anterior
Lateral: medial aspect of humerus
Posterior: Latissimus dorsi
Anterior: pectoralis major

56
Q

Posterior axillary fold

A

Base (armpit) posterior border formed by latissimus dorsi

57
Q

Posterior wall of axilla

A

Subscapularis

58
Q

Anterior wall of axilla

59
Q

Contents of axilla (6 main parts)

A 
Brachial plexus (cords and branches)
Axillary artery
Axillary vein
Lymph nodes
Lymphatics
Fat
60
Q

5 groups of lymph nodes and their drainage

A

Brachial (arm)
Pectoral (breast)
Subscapular (upper part of trunk posteriorly)
Central (receive from other groups)
Apical (receive from other groups and drain into thoracic duct)

61
Q

Brachial plexus formation

A

From ventral rami of spinal nerves arising from C5 to T1

62
Q

Sections of brachial plexus

A 
Roots
Trunks
Divisions
Cords
Branches
63
Q

The trunks form:

A

Anterior and posterior divisions

64
Q

Anterior division supplies:

A

Flexor compartment of limb

65
Q

Posterior division supplies:

A

Extensor compartment of limb

66
Q

The roots emerge from:

A

Between scalenus anterior and scalenus medius

67
Q

The trunks lie in:

A

The lower part of the posterior triangle of the neck

68
Q

The roots and trunks form:

A

The supraclavicular part of the plexus

69
Q

The divisions lie behind:

A

The clavicle

70
Q

The cords are formed:

A

At the outer border of the first rib

71
Q

3 parts that enter the axilla apex together

A

Cords
Axillary artery
Axillary vein

72
Q

The cords and their branches form:

A

The infraclavicular part of the plexus

73
Q

The 3 cords

A

Medial
Lateral
Posterior

74
Q

The cords are so named because:

A

Of their spatial relationship with the axillary artery

75
Q

The 5 terminal branches

A 
Musculocutaneous
Axillary
Radial
Medial
Ulnar
76
Q

The medial cord gives rise to:

A

The median nerve with ulnar and medial heads

77
Q

The lateral cord gives rise to:

A

The median nerve with musculocutaneous and lateral heads

78
Q

The posterior cord gives rise to:

A

Axillary and radial nerves

79
Q

Prefixed brachial plexus

A

C4 nerve contributes to the roots
Dorsal branch of T1 nerve is small
No ascending branch from T2 nerve

80
Q

Postfixed brachial plexus

A

Branch from C4 nerve is absent
Dorsal branch of T1 nerve is large
T2 nerve supplies branch to plexus

81
Q

The 3 nerves coming from the root of C5

A

Long thoracic nerve
Phrenic nerve
Dorsal scapular nerve

82
Q

Nerve arising from superior trunk

A

Subclavian nerve

83
Q

Nerve arising from most caudal division

A

Suprascapular nerve

84
Q

3 nerves from posterior cord

A

Upper subscapular nerve
Thoracodorsal nerve
Lower subscapular nerve

85
Q

Nerve arising from lateral cord

A

Lateral pectoral nerve

86
Q

3 nerves arising from medial cord

A

Medial pectoral nerve (joined to lateral pectoral nerve)
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm

87
Q

The brachial artery arises from the:

A

Axillary artery

88
Q

The axillary artery arises from the:

A

Subclavian artery

89
Q

Border where subclavian artery becomes axillary artery

90
Q

Border where axillary artery becomes brachial artery

A

Teres major

91
Q

1st division of axillary artery borders

A

First rib to superior border of pectoralis minor

92
Q

2nd division of axillary artery borders

A

Superior border of pectoralis minor to inferior border of pectoralis minor

93
Q

3rd division of axillary artery borders

A

Inferior border of pectoralis minor to teres major

94
Q

Trunk arising from subclavian artery

A

Thyrocervical

95
Q

Arteries arising from thyrocervical trunk

A

Dorsal scapular artery

Suprascapular artery

96
Q

Artery arising from 1st division of axillary artery

A

Superior thoracic artery

Supplies medial wall of upper thorax

97
Q

Arteries arising from 2nd division of axillary artery

A

Thoracoacromial artery - supplies anterior wall of thorax to acromion
Lateral thoracic artery - supplies medial wall of lower thorax`

98
Q

3 branches from thoracoacromial artery

A

Deltoid
Acromial
Pectoral

99
Q

Arteries arising from 3rd division of axillary artery

A

Subscapular artery - supplies posterior wall of thorax

Anterior and posterior circumflex humeral arteries - both supply lateral wall of thorax

100
Q

2 key arteries arising from subscapular artery

A

Circumflex scapular artery

Thoracodorsal artery - supplies dorsal side of thorax

101
Q

3 key arteries that connect to the posterior scapula

A

Suprascapular artery
Dorsal scapular artery
Circumflex scapular artery

102
Q

3 key anterior muscles innervated by musculocutaneous nerve

A

Coracobrachialis
Biceps brachii
Brachialis

103
Q

Median nerve arises from:

A

Lateral and medial cords of brachial plexus

104
Q

Muscles of forearm innervated by median nerve

A 
Most anterior muscles (lateral side) including:
Pronator teres
Flexor carpi radialis
Palmaris longus
Flexor digitorum superficialis
Flexor digitorum profundus (radial side)
Flexor pollicis longus
Pronator quadratus
Thenar muscles
1st and 2nd lumbricals
105
Q

Muscles of forearm innervated by ulnar nerve

A 
Anterior muscles not innervated by median nerve (medial side) including:
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Flexor digitorum profundus (ulnar side)
Hypothenar muscles
Deep head of flexor pollicis brevis
Palmaris brevis
All dorsal and palmar interossei
3rd and 4th lumbricals
Adductor pollicis
106
Q

Key muscles innervated by axillary nerve

A

Teres minor

Deltoid

107
Q

Muscles innervated by radial nerve

A 
All arm and forearm posterior muscles including:
Triceps brachii
Anconeus
Brachioradialis
All extensors
Abductor pollicis longus
Supinator

Musculoskeletal (9 decks)

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