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Musculoskeletal > Knee and Hip > Flashcards

Knee and Hip Flashcards

1
Q

Two articulations of the knee

A

Distal femur with proximal tibia

Distal femur with patella

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2
Q

Varus movement

A

Apex turns towards outside

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3
Q

Valgas movement

A

Apex turns towards inside

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4
Q

3 muscles that insert into pes anserinus

A

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendonosus

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5
Q

5 major knee ligaments

A 
Patellar
Medial collateral
Lateral collateral
Anterior cruciate
Posterior cruciate
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6
Q

Patellar ligament

A

Continuation of quadriceps mechanism

Attached to inferior margins of patella and tibial tuberosity

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7
Q

Medial collateral ligament

A

Runs from medial femoral epicondyle to medial tibia posterior to attachment of pes anserinus

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8
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A

Runs from lateral femoral epicondyle to fibula head

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9
Q

Anterior cruciate ligament

A

Runs from anterior tibial spine to lateral condyle of femur

Prevents excessive anterior translation of tibia on the femur

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10
Q

Posterior cruciate ligament

A

Runs from posterior tibial spine to medial condyle of femur

Prevents excessive posterior translation of tibia on femur

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11
Q

3 knee bursae

A

Suprapatellar
Prepatellar
Infrapatellar

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12
Q

3 arterial branches that superiorly supply the knee

A

Femoral, lateral femoral circumflex and popliteal vessel branches

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13
Q

2 arterial branches that inferiorly supply the knee

A

Anterior tibial and circumflex peroneal branches

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14
Q

The main arterial supply to knee is:

A

The genicular arteries

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15
Q

The ball of the hip joint is:

A

The femoral head

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16
Q

The socket of the hip joint is:

A

The acetabulum

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17
Q

3 pelvic bones that make up the acetabulum

A

Ilium (superior)
Ischium (posterior)
Pubis (anterior)

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18
Q

The 3 bones of the pubis make up 3/4 of a circle. The circle is completed by:

A

The transverse acetabular ligament

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19
Q

The transverse acetabular ligament covers the:

A

Acetabular notch inferiorly

20
Q

Lunate surface

A

Thick crescent shaped ring of cartilage that covers the acetabulum

21
Q

4 ligaments of the hip joint

A

Iliofemoral ligament
Pubofemoral ligament
Ischiofemoral ligament
Ligamentum teres

22
Q

Iliofemoral ligament

A

Y-shaped ligament that provides superior anterior reinforcement. It attaches from the AIIS and acetabular rim to intertrochanteric line.

23
Q

Biggest ligament in the body

A

Iliofemoral ligament

Prevents hyperextension of the hip joint

24
Q

Pubofemoral ligament

A

Provides inferior anterior reinforcement
Runs from pubis to joint capsule
Prevents overabduction

25
Q

Ischiofemoral ligament

A

Provides posterior reinforcement
Runs from ischial part of acetabular rim to base of greater trochanter
Prevents hyperextension

26
Q

Ligamentum teres

A

Runs from acetabular notch to fovea

Contains an artery important in blood supply to femoral head before birth

27
Q

Fovea

A

Small concave depression in the femoral head that allows ligamentum teres attachment

28
Q

3 muscles that flex the hip

A

Rectus femoris
Sartorius
Iliopsoas

29
Q

Innervation and myotome of hip flexion muscles

A

Femoral nerve

L2

30
Q

4 muscles that extend the hip

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendonosus
Semimembranosus
Gluteus maximus

31
Q

Innervation and myotome of hip extension muscles

A

Sciatic nerve

L2

32
Q

5 muscles that adduct the hip

A 
Adductor magnus
Adductor brevis
Adductor longus
Gracilis
Peroneus
33
Q

Innervation and myotomes of hip adduction muscles

A

Obturator nerve

L2, L3 and L4

34
Q

3 muscles that abduct the hip

A

Gluteus medius
Gluteus maximus
Tensor fascia lata

35
Q

Innervation and myotome of hip abduction muscles

A

Superior gluteal nerve

L5

36
Q

Anterior innervation of hip

A

Femoral nerve

37
Q

Inferior innervation of hip

A

Obturator nerve

38
Q

Posterior innervation of hip

A

Superior gluteal nerve and nerve to quadratus femoris

39
Q

Arterial tree from aorta to profunda femoris

A 
Aorta
Common iliac
External iliac
Femoral
Profunda femoris
40
Q

Arterial tree from aorta to superior gluteal artery

A

Aorta
Common iliac
Interior iliac
Superior gluteal

41
Q

Arteries supplying the hip joint

A

Medial and lateral circumflex arteries

42
Q

The medial and lateral circumflex arteries are branches off the:

A

Profunda femoris artery

43
Q

The medial circumflex artery runs:

A

Posteriorly around the neck of the femur

44
Q

The lateral circumflex artery runs:

A

Anteriorly around the neck of the femur

45
Q

Retinacular arteries

A

Branches off the circumflex arteries which run in retinacular folds of the synovial membrane

Musculoskeletal (9 decks)

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