Control of movement

Question 1

3 types of physiological movement

Answer 1

Voluntary
Reflex
Rhythmic motor pattern

Question 2

Voluntary motor movements are controlled by:

Answer 2

The forebrain

Question 3

Reflexes and rhythmic motor patterns are controlled by:

Answer 3

The spinal cord and brainstem

Question 4

Alpha motoneurons

Answer 4

Innervate extrafusal muscle fibres

Responsible for force generation

Question 5

Gamma motoneurons

Answer 5

Control excitability of stretch receptors in muscle spindles

Innervate intrafusal muscle fibres

Question 6

4 components of the motor unit

Answer 6

1) cell body
2) axon
3) synapses
4) muscle fibres

Question 7

FF type

Answer 7

Fast twitch, fatiguable

Type 2b fibres

Question 8

S type

Answer 8

Slow twitch

Type 1 fibres

Question 9

The type of motor units recruited first are:

Answer 9

S type

Question 10

FF type units are only recruited:

Answer 10

At high levels of muscle force

Question 11

Alpha motoneurons are the final common path for:

Answer 11

1) Descending tracts
2) Spinal interneurons
3) Propriospinal neurons

Question 12

Main receptors which control movement

Answer 12

Muscle spindles
Golgi tendon organs
Nociceptive receptors
Joint receptors

Question 13

Muscle spindles monitor:

Answer 13

Muscle length and speed of length change

Question 14

Golgi tendon organs monitor:

Answer 14

Muscle tension

Question 15

Nociceptive receptors monitor:

Answer 15

Pain

Question 16

Join receptors monitor:

Answer 16

Position

Question 17

Five elements of spinal reflexes

Answer 17

Receptors
Afferent fibres
Central synaptic relay
Efferent fibres
Effectors

Question 18

Only monosynaptic reflex in the body

Answer 18

Stretch reflex

Question 19

Receptor of stretch reflex

Answer 19

Mechanoreceptors

Question 20

Afferents of stretch reflex

Answer 20

Type Ia afferents

Question 21

Synaptic relay of stretch reflex

Answer 21

Glutamatergic excitatory synapses on alpha motoneurons

Question 22

Efferents of stretch reflex

Answer 22

Axons of alpha motoneurons

Question 23

Effectors of stretch reflex

Answer 23

Synergistic muscle

Question 24

Latency of the knee jerk reflex

Answer 24

25-30 ms

Question 25

Reciprocal inhibition

Answer 25

Muscles on one side of a joint relax to accommodate contraction of muscles on the other side of the joint

Question 26

Segment tested during jaw reflex

Answer 26

5th cranial nerve

Question 27

Segment tested during biceps reflex

Answer 27

C5, C6

Question 28

Segment tested during brachioradialis reflex

Answer 28

C5, C6

Question 29

Segment tested during triceps reflex

Answer 29

C7

Question 30

Segment tested during finger-flexion reflex

Answer 30

C8

Question 31

Segment tested during knee reflex

Answer 31

L3, L4

Question 32

Segment tested during ankle reflex

Answer 32

S1