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Musculoskeletal > Leg > Flashcards

Leg Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior compartment of leg boundaries

A

Anterior: skin and fascia
Medial: lateral surface of tibia
Posterior: interosseous membrane
Lateral: anterior intermuscular septum

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2
Q

4 muscles of anterior compartment of leg

A

Tibialis anterior
Extensor digitorum longus
Extensor hallicis longus
Peroneus tertius

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3
Q

Nerve of the anterior compartment of leg

A

Deep peroneal

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4
Q

Artery of anterior compartment of leg

A

Anterior tibial

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5
Q

Tibialis anterior origin

A

Superior 1/2 of lateral tibia and interosseous membrane

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6
Q

Tibialis anterior insertion

A

Medial cuneiform and base of 1st metatarsal

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7
Q

Tibialis anterior actions

A

Dorsiflexes ankle

Inverts foot at subtalar joint

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8
Q

Extensor digitorum longus origin

A

Lateral condyle of tibia, superior 1/2 of medial fibula and interosseous membrane

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9
Q

Extensor digitorum longus insertion

A

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

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10
Q

Extensor digitorum longus actions

A

Extends toes

Dorsiflexes ankle

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11
Q

Extensor hallucis longus origin

A

Middle anterior fibula and interosseous membrane

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12
Q

Extensor hallucis longus insertion

A

Base of distal phalanx of great toe

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13
Q

Extensor hallucis longus actions

A

Extends great toe

Dorsiflexes ankle

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14
Q

Peroneus tertius origin

A

Inferior 1/3 of anterior fibula and interosseous membrane

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15
Q

Peroneus tertius insertion

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

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16
Q

Peroneus tertius actions

A

Dorsiflexes ankle

Everts foot at subtalar joint

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17
Q

2 muscles of the lateral compartment of the leg

A

Peroneus longus

Peroneus brevis

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18
Q

Lateral component of the leg nerve supply

A

Superficial peroneal nerve

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19
Q

Peroneus longus origin

A

Superior 2/3 of lateral fibula

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20
Q

Peroneus longus insertion

A

Base of 1st metatarsal and medial cuneiform

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21
Q

Peroneus longus actions

A

Everts foot

Plantarflexes

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22
Q

Peroneus brevis origin

A

Inferior 2/3 of lateral fibula

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23
Q

Peroneus brevis insertion

A

Base of 5th metatarsal

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24
Q

Peroneus brevis actions

A

Everts foot

Plantarflexes

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25
Q

Superior extensor retinaculum

A

Band of deep fascia passing from tibia to fibula superior to malleoli
Binds down tendons of anterior compartment of the leg and prevents bowstringing

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26
Q

Inferior extensor retinaculum

A

Y shaped band of deep fascia with a lateral attachment to upper surface of calcaneus and a medial attachment to the medial malleolus and plantar aponeurosis

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27
Q

Superior peroneal retinaculum

A

Attached above to lateral malleolus and below to lateral surface of calcaneus

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28
Q

Inferior peroneal retinaculum

A

Continuous in front with cruciate crural ligament and attached behind to lateral surface of calcaneus

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29
Q

Malleoli

A

Bony prominences either side of the ankle

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30
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone

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31
Q

Subtalar joint

A

A joint of the foot between the talus and calcaneus

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32
Q

Cruciate crural ligament

A

Another name for the inferior extensor retinaculum

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33
Q

7 key bones of the ankle/heel/foot

A 
Talus (ankle)
Calcaneus (heel)
Navicular
Cuboid
3 cuneiforms (lateral, intermediate and medial)
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34
Q

The sciatic nerve arises from:

A

L4 - S3

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35
Q

Two terminal branches of the sciatic nerve

A

Tibial nerve

Common peroneal nerve

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36
Q

The sciatic nerve divides into its terminal branches in the:

A

Posterior thigh

37
Q

Two divisions of the common peroneal nerve

A

Deep peroneal nerve

Superficial peroneal nerve

38
Q

The common peroneal nerve exits the ________ ______ laterally

A

Popliteal fossa

39
Q

The deep peroneal nerve travels with:

A

The anterior tibial artery

40
Q

The femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery:

A

As it enters the superior aspect of the popliteal fossa

41
Q

After the popliteal artery exits the fossa inferiorly it divides into:

A

The anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery and peroneal artery

42
Q

The anterior tibial artery at the ankle becomes the:

A

Dorsalis pedis artery

43
Q

3 key branches of the dorsalis pedis artery

A

Deep plantar
Lateral tarsal
Arcuate

44
Q

The posterior tibial artery at the ankle becomes the:

A

Medial and lateral plantar arteries

45
Q

2 dorsal foot muscles

A

Extensor digitorum brevis

Extensor hallucis brevis

46
Q

Nerve supply of dorsal foot muscles

A

Deep peroneal nerve

47
Q

Origin of dorsal foot muscles

A

Calcaneous and inferior extensor retinaculum

48
Q

Extensor digitorum brevis insertion

A

Middle and distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

49
Q

Extensor hallucis brevis insertion

A

Base of proximal phalanx of great toe

50
Q

Dorsal foot muscle actions

A

Toe extension

51
Q

Popliteal fossa

A

Diamond shaped space behind the knee through which many structures pass on their way from the thigh to the leg

52
Q

Superior lateral margin of popliteal fossa

A

Biceps femoris

53
Q

Superior medial margin of popliteal fossa

A

Semimembranosus and semitendonosus

54
Q

Inferior margin of popliteal fossa

A

Medial and lateral heads of gastrocnemius

55
Q

4 contents of popliteal fossa

A

Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein
Tibial nerve
Common peroneal nerves

56
Q

Arterial tree of leg from aorta to dorsalis pedis

A 
Aorta
Right common peroneal
Femoral
Popliteal (continuation of femoral)
Anterior tibial
Dorsalis pedis
57
Q

Arterial tree of leg from aorta to peroneal artery

A 
Aorta
Left common peroneal
Femoral
Popliteal
Posterior tibial
Peroneal
58
Q

Order of position in ankle from medial malleolus to calcaneus

A

Tom, Dick And Very Naughty Harry

Tibialis posterior
flexor Digitorum longus
posterior tibial Artery
posterior tibial Vein
posterior tibial Nerve
flexor Hallucis longus
59
Q

3 superficial muscles of posterior compartment of leg

A

Gastrocnemius
Solues
Plantaris

60
Q

Gastrocnemius origin

A

Medial and lateral condyles of the femur (for medial and lateral heads respectively)

61
Q

Gastrocnemius insertion

A

Post calcaneus via Achilles Tendon

62
Q

Gastrocnemius actions

A

Plantarflexes ankle and flexes knee

63
Q

Soleus origin

A

Proximal tibia and proximal fibula

64
Q

Soleus insertion

A

Post calcaneus via Achilles Tendon

65
Q

Soleus action

A

Plantarflexes ankle

66
Q

Plantaris origin

A

Superior to lateral head of gastrocnemius on femur

67
Q

Plantaris insertion

A

Medial side of Achilles Tendon

68
Q

Plantaris action

A

Plantarflexes ankle

69
Q

Innervation of posterior compartment of leg

A

Tibial branch of sciatic nerve - this applies to both superficial and deep muscles

70
Q

Achilles tendon insertion

A

Calcaneus

71
Q

Achilles tendon purpose

A

Ankle plantarflexion

Injury to Achilles tendon presents as ability to push off from ground

72
Q

Triceps surae

A

Medial head of gastrocnemius
Lateral head of gastrocnemius
Soleus

73
Q

4 deep muscles of posterior compartment of leg

A

Tibialis posterior
Flexor digitorum longus
Flexor hallucis longus
Popliteus

74
Q

Tibialis posterior origin

A

Posterior tibia, fibula and interosseous membrane

75
Q

Tibialis posterior insertion

A

Navicular bone of ankle

76
Q

Tibialis posterior actions

A

Plantarflexes ankle

Inverts foot

77
Q

Flexor digitorum longus origin

A

Middle tibia

78
Q

Flexor digitorum longus insertion

A

Distal phalanges of lateral 4 toes

79
Q

Flexor digitorum longus actions

A

Flexes toes

Plantarflexes ankle

80
Q

Flexor hallucis longus origin

A

Distal fibula and interosseous membrane

81
Q

Flexor hallucis longus insertion

A

Distal phalanx of great toe

82
Q

Flexor hallucis longus actions

A

Flexes great toe

Plantarflexes ankle

83
Q

Popliteus origin

A

Lateral condyle of the femur and lateral meniscus

84
Q

Popliteus insertion

A

Posterior tibia

85
Q

Popliteus actions

A

Medially rotates tibia

86
Q

The main artery of the posterior compartment is:

A

The posterior tibial artery

87
Q

The two terminal branches of the posterior tibial artery are:

A

Medial plantar artery and lateral plantar artery

88
Q

Sural nerve

A

Formed from a branch of the tibial nerve with a branch of the common peroneal nerve
Supplies skin to lateral and posterior sides of inferior leg and heel

Musculoskeletal (9 decks)

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