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MD2002 > Pectoral And Pelvic Girdles > Flashcards

Pectoral And Pelvic Girdles Flashcards

1
Q

What makes up hip bone

A

Ilium
Ischium
Pubis

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2
Q

Where does lateral flat end of clavicle articulate

A

With acrimonious

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3
Q

Where does quadrangular medial end articulate

A

With sternum of manubrium

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4
Q

How is the clavicle shaped

A

Rounded medial 1/3 convex anteriorly

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5
Q

Where are the borders of the scapula

A

Lateral border is outside nearest humerus

Medial border is nearest the other scapula

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6
Q

Angles of scapula

A

Superior inferior and lateral angles

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7
Q

Why is stenroclavicular joint strong

A

Disc that attaches to clavicle and manubrium and capsule adds great strength

Dislocation rare

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8
Q

Movement of acromioclavicular

A

Small range of gliding

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9
Q

What can happen to acromioclavicular joint

A

Can become arthritic and cause shoulder pain

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10
Q

What ligament supports acromioclavicular joint

A

Coracoacromial ligament superiorly

Conoid and trapezoid parts of coracoclavicular ligament (strongest) q

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11
Q

What ligaments support sternoclavixular joint

A

Costoclavicular ligament

Interclavicular ligament

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12
Q

What lies in the space between upper aspect of shoulder and overlying acromion,
Acromioclavicular joint and coracoacromial ligament

A

Subacromial bursa and the tendon of the supraspinatus muscle

Both susceptible to impingement from pathology such as arthritis in adjacent joints and repetitive strain injury

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13
Q

Where is gateway for pectoral girdle

A

Between clavicle, superior edge of scapula and first rib headed to axillary

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14
Q

What comes through pectoral gateway

A

Subclavian vessels continuing as axillary vessels

And trunks of the brachial nerve plexus

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15
Q

What ways do bones move in fractured clavicle

A

Lateral end inferior

Medial end superior

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16
Q

What are the concerns when faced with fractured clavicle

A

Close proximity to brachial plexus

Subclavian artery and vein

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17
Q

Where is obturator foramen of hip

A

Hope at pubis

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18
Q

Sacroiliac joint

A

Synovial anteriorly - supported by anterior sacro-iliac ligament

Fibrous posteriorly linked by interosseous membrane

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19
Q

Supporting ligaments of sacroiliac joint

A

Interosseous SI ligament continues as posterior SI ligament (pulles bones inwards)
Sacrospinous and sacrotuberous ligaments further support the SI joint and prevent sacrum tilting forward

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20
Q

What ligaments convert sciatic notches into greater and lesser sciatic foramen

A

Sacrospinous creates greater sciatic foramen

Sacrotuberous creates lesser sciatic foramen

Rotation is also prevented by these ligaments

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21
Q

Gateways into lower limb and bum

A

Greater sciatic foramen for sciatic nerve and gluteal NVB

obturator canal for obturator NVB

gap between inguinal ligament and pelvic bone for femoral nerve, artery and vein NVB

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22
Q

Where does sciatic nerve come from and go

A

Comes through greater sciatic foramen posteriorly and slides down inner posterior area of leg

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23
Q

Where can you put an intragluteal injection

A

Upper outer quadrant where hip bone top is

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24
Q

Where does sciatic nerve emerge at the butt

A

Inferior to piriformis and midway between ischia tuberosity and greater trochanter

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25
Q

Movements of scapula

A 
Elevation depression (shrug)
Protraction and retraction
Upward and downward rotation(abduct arm)
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26
Q

Serrated anterior attachments

A

Ribs 1-8
to
Medial border scapula

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27
Q

What forms medial wall of axilla

A

Serratus anterior

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28
Q

What supplies serratus anterior

A

Long thoracic nerve

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29
Q

What causes winging of the scapula

A

Damage to long thoracic nerve

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30
Q

Trapezius is supplied by which nerve

A

Spinal accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI)

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31
Q

What does trapezius do

A

Elevates scapula (shrug) and retracts or braces shoulders backwards

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32
Q

Wing nut effect of trapezius

A

Upper fibres pull glenoid up

Lower fibres pull medial spine down

Assists serratus anterior in full abduction of upper limb

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33
Q

Attachments of trapezius

A

Skull, ligamentum nuchae and thoracic spines passing to lateral clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula

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34
Q

What supplies pectoralis major

A

Pectoral nerves

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35
Q

Attachment of pectoralis major

A

Clavicle head attaches to medial clavicle

Sternocostal head attaches to upper 6 costal cartilages and adjacent sternum then both attach to lateral lip of intertubercular groove sulcus of humerus

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36
Q

What job of pectoralis major

A

Adduct and internally medially rotates the humerus

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37
Q

What part of the axilla does pectoralis major make

A

Anterior axillary fold

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38
Q

What supplies latissimus Doris

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

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39
Q

Attachment of latissimus Doris

A

Lower thoracic spines, iliolumbar fascia, Lowe ribs and iliac crest passing to flow to intertubercular groove - anterior aspect of humerus

40
Q

What function does latissimus Doris do

A

Powerful adductor and internal rotator

Extension of humerus

41
Q

What part of the axilla does latissimus Dorsi make

A

Posterior axillary fold

42
Q

Attachments of levstor scapulae

A

Transverse processes to superior, medial border of scapula

43
Q

What does levator scapula do

A

Scapular elevation

Inferior rotation of the glenoid

44
Q

Rhomboid minor and major attachments

A

Ligamentum nuchae and upper thoracic spines to medial border of scapula

45
Q

Function of rhomboid major

A

Scapular retraction

46
Q

What’s the function of pectoralis major

A

Stabilises scapula by holding it down and against the thoracic wall

47
Q

What does the subclavius do

A

Anchors the clavicle

48
Q

What muscles pass from scapula and clavicle to humerus and only act upon shoulder joint

A

Deltoid
Latissimus Dorsi
Teres major

49
Q

Attachments of teres major

A

Inferior angle of scapula and medial lip of intertubercular groove

50
Q

Job of teres major

A

Adducts and internally rotates

51
Q

Deltoid attaches

A

Clavicle, acromion and spine of scapula passing to Deloris tuberositt of humerus

52
Q

Deltoid job

A

Lies behind to side and front of shoulder joint therefor extends, abducts and flexes it

53
Q

4 muscles which arise from scapula and insert into capsule of shoulder joint and humerus (rotator cuff)

A

Supraspinatus
Infraspinatus
Teres minor
Subscapularis

54
Q

Job of infraspinatus

A

External rotation

55
Q

Superspinatus job

A

Initiates abduction

56
Q

Teres minor job

A

External rotation

57
Q

Subscapularis job

A

Internal rotation

58
Q

What muscles are crucial in keeping pelvis level when walking

A

Muscles that abduct the hip

59
Q

What do muscles that pass from pelvis to femur anterior to hip do?

A

Flex the hip

60
Q

What are the muscles that flex the hip?

A

Iliacus
Psoas major (combine as lliopsias)
Satorius
Recurs femoris

61
Q

What muscles make up iliopsoas?

A

Psoas major

Iliacus

62
Q

Where does iliopsoas attach

A

Iliacus from ilium
Psoas major from lumbar vertebrae
Both attach to the Lesser trochanter of femur

63
Q

Sartorial attaches

A

From anterior superior iliac spine to anteromedial surface of tibia

64
Q

What happens following fracture of femoral neck

A

Axis of movement changes from hip joint to femoral shaft

Iliopsoas pulls femoral neck proximal and externally rotates it

Limb looks shortened and foot turns out

65
Q

What do muscles that pass from pelvis to femur, tibia or fibula lying posterior to hip joint do? Back of leg?

A

They extend it

Gluteus maximum
Hamstrings

66
Q

Attachments of gluteus maximum

A

Posterior ilium and sacrum

To femur and iliotibial tract

67
Q

What does gluteus maximus do

A

Extends hip in running, standing from sitting and climbing stairs

68
Q

What supplies gluteus maximus

A

Inferior gluteal nerves

69
Q

Where does hamstrings attach

A

Ischial tuberosity to tibia and fibula

70
Q

What does hamstrings do

A

Extends hip during walking

71
Q

What supplies hamstrings

A

Sciatic nerve

72
Q

What muscles cause abduction in leg?

A

Muscles which pass from pelvis to femur lateral to hip joint (outside)

Trendelenburg gait

Gluteus medius
Gluteus minimums (deeper)
Iliotibial tract

73
Q

What muscles cause adduction of the hip/leg?

A

Muscles which pass from pelvis to femur or tibia medial to hip joint (inside of leg)

Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
74
Q

What muscles cause lateral foot rotation

A

Small muscles which pass from pelvis to femur lying close to and posterior to the hip joint (foot point forward when walking)

Piriformis
Obturator external and internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadrator femoris

75
Q

Attachments of gluteus medius and minimus

A

Attach to ilium and greater trochanter

76
Q

What supplies gluteus medius and minimus

A

SUPERIOR gluteal nerves

Inferior supplies the maximus

77
Q

Movement of gluteus medius and minimus?

A

Abducts the hip

78
Q

What is the function of the iliotibial tract

A

Aids gluteus medius and minimus in hip abduction

79
Q

Where does the pectineus attach

A

Pubis and pubic ramus

To lesser trochanter of femur

80
Q

What does pectineus muscle do

A

Adduction of thigh at hip

Flexion of thigh at hip

81
Q

What muscles are supplies by the obturator nerve

A

Muscles involved in adduction

Pectineus
Adductor longus
Adductor brevis
Adductor Magnus
Gracilis
82
Q

Where do adductors longus brevis and Magnus of lower leg attach

A

Pubic bone to the femur

83
Q

Where does gracilis muscle attach

A

Pubic bone to the tibia

84
Q

Attachment of piriformis

A

Sacrum to greater trochanter of femur

85
Q

Attachment of obturator external and internus

A

Externus obturator foramen to trochanter of femur

Internus ischiopubic ramus to the greater trochanter

86
Q

Where does superior and inferior gemelli attach

A

Superior ischium spine to obturator internus tendon

Inferior ischial tuberosity to obturator internus tendon

87
Q

Where does quadrator femoris attach

A

Ischial tuberosity to intertrochanter crest of femur

88
Q

What muscles stabilise the hip joint

A

All involved in lateral rotation

Piriformis
Obturator externus and internus
Superior and inferior gemelli
Quadrator femoris

89
Q

What is the nerve supply of piriformis

A

Piriformis nerve

90
Q

What does the obturator nerve supply

A

Obturator externus
Obturator internus
Superior gemelli

91
Q

What does the quadratus femoris nerve supply

A

Inferior gemelli

Quadratus femoris

92
Q

What attaches to the iliotibial tract

A

Tensor fascia latae

Gluteus maximus

93
Q

What keeps the pelvis level when walking

A

Abductors (with adductors)

Gluteus medius, minimus and he iliotibial tract

94
Q

What happens when the abductors are weak? Gluteus medius, minimus and iliotibial tract?

A

Causes trendelenburg gait lowering on one side when walking

95
Q

What can cause trendelenburg gait

A

Weakened abductors due to direct injury or nerve injury during surgery or by effective shortening of the femoral neck

96
Q

What is the job of lateral rotators

A

Stabilise joint and laterally rotate femur to keep foot pointing towards

Medial rotation is weak movement usually causing by walking momentum but some of previous muscles can contribute

MD2002 (22 decks)

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