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MD2002 > Joints 2 > Flashcards

Joints 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Carrying angle male and female why

A

More pronounced in female due to wider set hips / pelvis

Males 10-15
Women above 15

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2
Q

What’s the Q angle

A

Femoral shaft proximal end pushed out laterally by femoral neck so shaft passes inferomedially

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3
Q

Elbow movements

A

Flexion C6

Extension c7

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4
Q

Radioulnar joint movement

A

Supination c6

Pronation C7 c8

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5
Q

Knee joint movements

A

Flexion L5 S2
Extension L3 L4
Further extension (kicking) L1 L2

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6
Q

Similarities with humerus and femur

A

Both have lateral and medial epicondyle on heir condylar processes

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7
Q

Humerus articulation

A

Humerus articulates withbradial head laterally

Articulates with hook shaped olecranon and Coronoid processes of ulna medially

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8
Q

Function of patella

A

Prevent dislocation during knee extension - quadriceps

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9
Q

Consequences of patella

A

Patello-femoral arthritis

Patella dislocation or subluxation

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10
Q

Where is patella

A

Sesamoid bone in tendon of quadriceps

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11
Q

What does large lateral facet of patella articulate with

A

Prominent lateral femoral condyle

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12
Q

Parts of elbow joint

A

Radial fossa and capitulum
Coronoid fossa and Coronoid process of ulna
Olecranon fossa and olecranon process of ulna

Trochlear notch ofulna
Radial head
Coronoid process

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13
Q

What joints are required for supination and probation

A

Superior and inferior radioulnar joints

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14
Q

Where does fibrous capsule of elbow attach

A

Articular margins as including the superior radioulnar joint, fossae radial, Coronoid and olecranon

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15
Q

Where are ligaments absent and present in elbow

A

Strengthened by lateral and medial ligaments

No anterior or posterior ligaments

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16
Q

What holds the radial head in place

A

Anular ligament - allows rotatory movement for supination and pronation

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17
Q

Pulled elbow

A

When radial head dislocated from annular ligament (children)

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18
Q

Elbow ligaments

A

Radial collateral ligament - lateral epicondyle to anular ligament

Ulnar collateral ligament - triangle - 2 strong medial epicondyle to cornoid process and
1 weaker posterior oblique band to olecranon

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19
Q

Pulled elbow association

A

Dislocated elbow with fractured olecranon is common

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20
Q

What’s subluxation

A

Comes away from annular ligament downwards motion

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21
Q

What’s dislocation of elbow look like

A

Away from annular ligament and pulling to the side

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22
Q

What is knee dependent on for stability

A

Muscles

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23
Q

Where does fibrous capsule of knee attach

A

Articular margins

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24
Q

Ligaments of knee

A

Lateral collateral ligament
Medial collateral ligament
Crucifer ligaments in middle
Menisci inside the actual joint

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25
Q

Anteriorly fibrous capsule replaced by

A

Quadriceps tendon (patellar ligament) and patella also augmented by iliotibial tract and by patellar retinacular from quadriceps

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26
Q

Posterior knee joint

A

Fibrous capsule thin augmented by oblique popliteal and acruate ligaments inferior to which is an opening in capsule for tendon of popliteus

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27
Q

Collateral ligaments of knee

A

Lateral - lateral epicondyle to head of fibula
Not fused to joint capsule
Medial - medial epicondyle to tibia condyle, superior and medial surfaces
Fused to joint capsule and meniscus

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28
Q

Which ligaments are and aren’t fused to knee joint capsule

A

Lateral fibular collateral ligament not fused

Medial tibial collateral ligament fused to joint capsule and meniscus

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29
Q

Injury to which knee ligament more common

A

Tibial medial collateral ligaments and medial meniscus are more common

Knee injury takes up to year to heal fully

30
Q

Bursae of the knee

A

Suprapatellar

Prepatellar

31
Q

What are alar folds

A

Over fat pads and has synovial fold

32
Q

What is inside the knee joint

A

Cruiciate ligaments and infrapatellar fat pads

Infrapatellar synovial fold

Inside fibrous capsule

33
Q

Cruciate ligaments

A

X

PREVENTS ANTEROPOSTERIOR DISPLACEMENT OF FEMUR AND ACTS AS PIVOT FOR ROTATORY MOVEMENTS

34
Q

anterior Cruciate job

A

Up, back and lat

Prevents anterior movement of tibia (drawer test) and hyperextension

35
Q

Posterior cruciate job

A

Up, forwards and medial

Prevents anterior movement of femur such as when walking downstairs

36
Q

What are menisci

A

Medial and lateral crescents of fibrocartilage which give congruence for femur on tibia, shock absorption and proprioception

37
Q

Attachment of menisci

A

Tips attach to tibia and edges fuse to joint capsule (vascular supply only to periphery)

38
Q

How do menisci move as femur rotates and glides on tibia

A

Move anteriposteriorly

39
Q

Medial meniscus attachments

A

LARGER

attaches to tibial collateral ligament

Limited movement so more easily injured

40
Q

Lateral meniscus attachments

A

SMALLER

Circular attaches to capsule but NOT LIGAMENT

Why!

Because fibular collateral ligament is pulled out way by its attachment to the popliteus

41
Q

What’s the unhappy triad

A

Stuck from side car bumper with knee extended

Ruptures anterior cruciate ligament, tibial medial collateral ligament and medial meniscus

42
Q

What’s the common flexor origin

A

Medial epicondyle

43
Q

Brachioradialis attachment nerve function

A

Radial nerve C6
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus and distal radius

Elbow flex powerful in mid prone position

44
Q

Flexors of elbow joint are

A

Brachialis and biceps brachaii

45
Q

Brachialis

A

Distal anterior humerus to Coronoid process of ulna

Musculocutaneous nerve (radial) C567

46
Q

Biceps brachii

A

Scapula (long head to supraglenoid tubercle, short head to coracoid process) and to bicpital uberosity as well as ulna via the bicipital aponeurosis

Supination and flexion of elbow when supinated

Musculocutaneous nerve 567

47
Q

Extension of elbow

A

Triceps

Lateral medial and long head

48
Q

Long head of tricpes

A

Infraglenoid tubercle

Dislocation of abducted shoulder prevents. To olecranon

49
Q

Lateral head of triceps

A

Lateral and superior to spiral groove To olecranon

50
Q

Medial had of triceps

A

Medial and inferior to spiral groove To olecranon

51
Q

What assists triceps in extension

A

Anconeous - lateral epicondyle to proximal ulna

52
Q

Where’s insertion point of all theee sections of triceps

A

Olecranon of ulna

53
Q

What muscles pronate forearm

A

Pronator teres and pronator quadratus

Median nerve 7 8

54
Q

What muscles are involved in supination

A

Biceps c567

Supinator c8

55
Q

What does the biceps tendon reflex check

A

Musculocutaneous nerve particularly segments C5 6

56
Q

What’s in the cubital fossa (right)

A

Median cubital vein
Basilic and cephalic vein above

Underneath is the

Bicipital aponeurosis
Brachial artery
Median nerve (medially)

57
Q

What is the kicking muscle

A

Rectus femoris -

58
Q

What extends the knee

A

Quadriceps
Rectus femoris
3 Vasari from Linea aspera and shaft of femur

Femoral nerve l2 3 4

59
Q

What is knee joint stability depent on

A

Quadriceps

60
Q

What happens in final stages of extension

A

Femur rotates medially around pivot of cruciate ligaments to screw knee into stable close packed position

61
Q

Rectus fermosis turns into

A

Vastys intermedius with vastus medialis and vastus lateralis at each side of the knee joint

62
Q

What can Q angle cause and how is to prevented

A

Pulls patella and dislocates laterally

Prevented by anterior prominence of lateral femoral condyle and by lower fibres of vastus medialis which fibres from state to medial side of patella

63
Q

What does knee jerk test

A

Tapping on patellar tendon, ligament or quadriceps tendon

Test femoral nerve and spinal segments L34

64
Q

Knee flexion

A

Hamstrings

65
Q

What nerve supplies hamstrings

66
Q

Hamstrings iCloud’s

A

Biceps femoris
Semitendinosus
Semimembranosus

67
Q

What tendons are lubricated by The Pes Bursa

A

The three tendons that form the pes anserinus

Sartorius
Gracilis
Semitendinosus

68
Q

Borders of popliteal fossa

A

Semi membranous Bicepsfemoris
Semitendinosus
Gastrocnemius Gasteocnemius

69
Q

What’s in the popliteal fossa

A

Tibial and common fibular nerves
Popliteal artery
Popliteal vein

70
Q

When is popliteal artery at risk

A

Knee dislocation and supracondylar fracture of the femur

71
Q

Housemaids knee

A

Prepatellar bursitis

MD2002 (22 decks)

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