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Pediatrics > Pead 7 > Flashcards

Pead 7 Flashcards

1
Q

Normal leg alignment in devt?

A

6 mon–Genu varum
2 year–Straight leg
4 year—Gnu Valgum
> 7 years —Strait’s leg

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2
Q

Normal genu varum Cxs?

A

Symmetric
Normal stature
No leg discripancy
No lateral thrust while walking

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3
Q

Rett syndrome pathophysiology?

A

Loss of neurodevelopment due to dendrite formation in cortex defect and neuromodulation
X-linked
MECP2 gene defect

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4
Q

Key feature?

A 
Present 6-18 month
Usually females
Normal development then regression
Loss of speech
Gait abnormality
Loss of purposeful hand movement
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5
Q

additional finding?

A 
Seizure
Respiratory difficulty
Head growth restriction
Sleeping problem
Autistic behavior
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6
Q

Kallman syndrome genetics and pathogenesis?

A

X-lR/AD or AR in wommen
46 XY/XX chromosome
Failure of the olfactory and GNRH producing neuron migration—prosencephalon hypoplasia and Central hypogonadism

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7
Q

CXS?

A

Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
Delayed puberty
Anosmia/Hyposmia

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8
Q

delay puberty in females?

A

> = 12 year

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9
Q

sign of puberty?

A 
Growth of pubic hair, other body hair, and facial hair.
Enlargement of testicles and penis.
Muscle growth.
Growth spurt.
Acne.
Deepening of the voice.
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10
Q

osteoid osteoma pathogenesis?

A

Benign bone-forming tumor

MC in adolescents boys

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11
Q

CM?

A

The proximal femur is MC site
Leg pain(worse at night, Relived by NSAID and not related to activity)
No systemic symptoms
Tenderness, Swelling, and deformity

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12
Q

X-ray?

A

Small round lucency

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13
Q

Managment?

A

NSAID
Serial x-ray
Surgery for refractory case

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14
Q

neuro complication of meningitis?

A

intellectual and behavioral disability
hearing loss( chochlial infn–fibrosis and calcification)
seizure
cerebral palsy

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15
Q

risk factor?

A

young age
high bacterial load
prolonged seizure

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16
Q

what to do?

A

audiometry screening(asymptomatic early and difficult for tx after ossification)

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17
Q

What px neded in patient with SCD?

A

Twise dailey prohlactic penicilin untill age 5

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18
Q

CM of autism spectrum disorders?

A

Deficiet in social comunication and intraction
Restricted,repititive pattern of behaviour
-/+language and intelectual impairment
Changing to new things induce anxiety

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19
Q

Deficiet in social comunication and intraction Cxs?

A

Sharing of emotional interest
Difficulty in verbal communication
Develop and understand relation

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20
Q

Restricted,repititive pattern of behaviour?

A

Repititive movt/speche
Insistanse on samness/routiness
Intense fixated interest
Adverse responce to sensory imput

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21
Q

Managment?

A

Compresive(Sp,Beh,edu service)

Pharmacotherapy for concomitant psychiatric illness

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22
Q

asymptomatic isolated protinuria aroch?

A

Do first morning urine Pr/Cr ration
If normal:transient/orthostatic protinuria
If high evaluate for glomerular/parenchymal illnes

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23
Q

Transient protinuria?

A 
Fever
Stress
Exersise
Seizure
Volume deplesion
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24
Q

orthostatic protinria?

A

adolecent boys

standing(at end of day + ve and -ve at morning)

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25
Q

Constitusional delay of growth and puberty?

A 
family Hx
Delay growth b/n 6m-3Y
Short stature(<2SD)
Normal growth velocity >= 3 year
Delay in bone age(Cxs)
Delay in puberty
Reach normal adult hight lately
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26
Q

How to d/t with familial short stature?

A

Short family
Not reach adult hight
but may have normal velocity

27
Q

In GH deficiency?

A

short stature
Delay in growth velocity
delay in bone age

28
Q

In gonadal?

A

Normal bone age

29
Q

Nutritional?

A

wight also affected

30
Q

Managment of CDGP?

A

Reassurance

+/- Hormonal tx

31
Q

febrile seizure diagnostic criterion?

A

Age 6m-5year
No px febrile seizure
No metabolic derangement
No sign of CNS inf

32
Q

managment?

A

abortive(>5min)
fever tx
reassure and discharge(risk of rec in first 24 hr is low)
educate a family(High risk of feature FS and 15 epilepsy)

33
Q

Abnormal sexual behavior in children?

A

precocious sexual knowledge
object insertion to the anal, vagina, or oral area
using force, bribe, and aggression in a sexual act
preoccupied with masturbation

34
Q

sign of sexual abuse?

A

Anogenital trauma
Coercive sex act
Repeated UTI

35
Q

empiric managment of epiglottitis?

A

Ceftriaxon(HIB,NTHI,SPy,Spnu )

Vancomycine(MRSA)

36
Q

slipped capital femoris CM?

A

MC in adolescents
Unable to weight-bearing and climbing
Unable IR, Abd, and Flexion of hip
Pos and inferior displaced femoral head and sup, anteriorly displaced femur

37
Q

Parader will syndrome genetics?

A

maternal Uniparental disomy Cr 15

Due to deletion/mutation in paternal cr.a5

38
Q

Parader will syndrome CM?

A 
hypotonia
weak sucking
excessive feeding
obesity
short stature
hypogonadism
Intellectual disability
facial dysmorphism
39
Q

facial dysmorphism?

A

Narrow forehead
Almond-shaped eye
Downturned mouth

40
Q

Complication?

A

Sleep apnea
T2DM
Gastric distension/rapture
Death by choking

41
Q

Diamond black fan anemia?

A 
pure red cell progenitor defect
low RBC half-life
Low HCT, Reticulocyte
Macrocytic anemia
Normal platelet and WBC
Craniofacial anomaly
Triphalengial thumb
High risk of malignancy
42
Q

Managment?

A

Corticosteroid

Transfusion

43
Q

food-induced allergic proctocolitis pathogenesis?

A

family/personal hx of allergy, asthma, and eczema
Non-IgE mediated allergically proctocolitis
Occur in infants feed milk protein or in breastfeed mother usage of milk and soy proteins

44
Q

CM?

A

Painless bloody stool

+/- spit-up

45
Q

managment?

A 
Dietary modification(infant and mother)
Resolve by itself after 1 year
Use hydrolyzed(metabolized protein)formula
46
Q

backwith-widman syndrome pathogenesis?

A

deregulation and impaired gene expression in 11p15

gene encodes ILGF2

47
Q

CM?

A

Macrosomia and fast growth until late childhood
macroglossia
Midline defect(Umbilical hernia and omphalocele
Himihyperplasia

48
Q

complication?

A

Wilms tumor
Hepatoblastoma
Neonatal hypoglycemia(hyperinsulinism)

49
Q

Surveillance?

A

Serum alpha protein
renal U/S
RBS

50
Q

pathogenesis of phenylketonuria?

A

Phenyl hydroxylase deficiency
Autosomal recessive
Failure to convert phenylalanine to tyrosine

51
Q

CM?

A

Musty body odor
Seizures
Severe intellectual disability
Hypopigmentation involving skin,hair,eyes, and brain Nuclei

52
Q

Diagnosis and managment?

A 
Newborn screening(tandem mass screening)
quantitative amino acid analysis(phenylalanine)
Dietary restriction of phenylalanine
53
Q

IDA and PLT count?

A

IDA cause reactive thrombocytosis

54
Q

What to do if parents refuse to vaccinate their children whether due to personal or religious beliefs?

A

Respect their decision
Explain on benefits of vaccination
A document that you explained

55
Q

Acute rhinosinusitis suspect bacterial?

A

Fever > 3 day
New/Recurrent fever after initial improvement
Persistent system >= 10 day

56
Q

Viral RhinS?

A

No/early fever resolution
Mild facial pain/tenderness
Improvement & resolution by day 5-10

57
Q

General symptoms?

A

Nasal congestion &/or purulent discharge
Facial pressure/pain
Cough, headache,loss of smell and ear pain

58
Q

Managment?

A

Intranasal saline/irrigasion by saline
NSAID
Antibiotic if bacterial

59
Q

What to do in patients with pyloric stenosis?

A

First, correct DHN and electrolyte loss before surgery(Reduce post-operative apnea risk and overall outcome)

60
Q

what to suspect if the patient develops ecchymosis and haemarthrosis with minimal trauma?

A

Suspect coagulation disorder

61
Q

Managment of SCA maintenance?

A

Vaccination
Penicillin until age 5
Folic acid suplementation
Hydroxyurea if have an indication

62
Q

What are the indications for hydroxyurea?

A

Recurrent pain crisis
History of acute chest syndrome
Sever symptomatic anemia

63
Q

Mechanism?

A

Reduce SCHb percent and increase FHb —Reduce pain crisis by decreasing vascular obstruction.

64
Q

Managment of acute pain crisis?

A

Hydration
Analgesia
+/ transfusion

Pediatrics (15 decks)

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