PDCA & DMAIC Flashcards
What is the enemy of Lean?
Waste
What is the enemy of 6 Sigma?
Variation
What is Muda?
Waste
What does PDCA stand for? A Lean Methodology, an iterative four-step process used for Continuous Improvement
Plan
Do
Check
Act
What does DMAIC stand for
Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control
step in DMAIC where quantify the problem & establish goals; create a baseline of the current state of the process, assess stability, capability, and measurement systems
Measure
step in DMAIC where determine the most likely causes of defects (i.e., Perform Root Cause Analysis), Y = f(x), determine which inputs will provide the best outputs
Analyze
step in DMAIC where identify ways to improve performance, eliminate waste & variation; confirm solution will achieve the project goals; implement and verify the solution
Improve
Alfredo Pareto (maybe move to RCA module)
step in DMAIC where sustain the improvement, establish KPIs and processes to monitor, document and share best practices, continually assess and update
Control
Six Sigma practitioners use a data-driven problem-solving methodology called
DMAIC
During which phase of DMAIC are measurements used to establish the process improvement baseline?
Measure
During which phase of DMAIC is root cause analysis performed?
Analyze
During which phase of DMAIC is the VOC and business value determined?
Define
During which phase of DMAIC does the implementation take place?
Improve
Which part of PDCA is described below?
-identify, measure, and analyze the problem or opportunity for change.
-develope hypotheses for what the underlying issues or causes are.
-decide on one hypothesis to test first.
-write down your expected results once you have determined your course of action
Plan
PDCA: What are the 3 steps of Plan?
1.) Problem Identification
2.) Cause Investigation
3.) Select Countermeasures
PDCA: Which step in Plan is described below?
*Determine the problem area
*Define the standard
*Define the current state
*Determine the discrepancy
*Select a measurable goal
*State the problem in a state form in order to brainstorm potential causes
Problem Identification
PDCA: Which step in Plan is described below:
*Brainstorm potential causes to the problem
*Collect and analyze data related to the problem
*Challenge data with facts
*Select the likely causes based on the team impact
*Establish a Cause & Effect relationship
*Establish root cause /driver cause
Cause Investigation
PDCA: Which step in Plan is described below:
*Brainstorm countermeasures to address root cause
*Select appropriate counter measures based upon criteria
*Coordinate and seek approval from leadership to implement.
Select Countermeasures
Which part of PDCA is described below?
*Develop a plan to implement the countermeasure (s)
*Assign Tasks
Develop a communication planExecute a “Pilot Plan” with timelines and established tracking methods (aka –Control Plan)
Do
Which part of PDCA is described below?
*Review and analyze the results.
*Measure the impact of the solution and revise your plan, as necessary
*Monitor progress of the “Pilot Project”
*Evaluate the results
*Collect/analyze additional data if needed
*Modify the implementation plan, if necessary, based upon results
*Monitor results of specific countermeasure(s) that address the initial root causes.
Check
Which part of PDCA is described below?
*Implement your tried and tested plan if all went according to plan
*Implement Full Scale Solution (And capitalize onNew Opportunities)
*Standardize the effective countermeasure(s) to prevent reoccurrence
*Share your success with other impacted areas
*Plan on-going monitoring of the solution
Start the PDCA cycle over again to refine your countermeasure(s)Continue with other improvement opportunities
Act
The PDCA cycle is an effective and systematic method for implementing ______.
Continuous Improvement
PDCA relies on trial and error; however, it keeps improving until it achieves the ______.
desired outcome
What are some common pitfalls to avoid when using PDCA?
*Skipping one of the four critical steps in PDCA
*Over-planning: teams often get stuck in the Planning phase trying to confirm beliefs in planning whereas the Lean model confirms belief in the Check phase
*Under-planning: missing experimental hypothesis: no “why”
*Things work well for reasons beyond understanding with no knowledge of what worked and why
*The hypothesis is NOT validated
*Constrained resources and improper training cause PDCA to begin and end at “Do”
What is described below?
*Voice, expectations, preferences, comments, of a product or service by the customer
*Stated and unstated needs, wants, and requirements
Voice of the customer (VOC)
What is the average distance of data points away from the Mean in a distribution?
Standard deviation
What is described below?
*a measure of standard deviation
*can be used interchangeably with the statistical term for standard deviation
*a level of performance
Sigma
Data-driven, problem-solving strategy used in Six Sigma to improve processes
DMAIC
Which part of DMAIC is described below?
*Describe the problem
*Identify VOC and CTQ (Critical to Quality) /CTC (Critical to Customer)
*Identify business value and desired outcomes (Ys)
*Organize team
D=Define
Which part of DMAIC is described below?
*Quantify the problem & establish improvement goals
*Create a baseline of the current state of the process
*Assess stability, capability, and measurement systems
M=Measure
Which part of DMAIC is described below?
*Determine the most likely causes of defects (i.e., Perform Root Cause Analysis)
*Y = f (x)
*Determine which inputs will provide the best outputs
A=Analyze
Which part of DMAIC is described below?
*Identify ways to improve performance, eliminate waste & variation
*Confirm solution will achieve the project goals
*Implement and verify the solution
I=Improve
Which part of DMAIC is described below?
*Sustain the improvements
*Establish KPIs and processes to monitor
*Document and share best practices
*Continually assess and update
C=Control
Six Sigma practitioners use a data-driven problem-solving methodology called _____
a) FMEA
b) 5S
c) DMAIC
d) VSM
e) PDCA
c) DMAIC
During which phase of DMAIC are measurements used to establish the process improvement baseline?
a) Define
b) Improve
c) Measure
d) Control
e) Analyze
c) Measure
During which phase of DMAIC is root cause analysis performed?
a) Define
b) Improve
c) Measure
d) Control
e) Analyze
e) Analyze
During which phase of DMAIC is the VOC and business value determined?
a) Define
b) Improve
c) Measure
d) Control
e) Analyze
a) Define
During which phase of the DMAIC does the implementation take place?
a) Define
b) Improve
c) Measure
d) Control
e) Analyze
b) Improve
