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OTI Continuous Improvement Academy > PDCA & DMAIC > Flashcards

PDCA & DMAIC Flashcards

1
Q

What is the enemy of Lean?

A

Waste

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2
Q

What is the enemy of 6 Sigma?

A

Variation

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3
Q

What is Muda?

A

Waste

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4
Q

What does PDCA stand for? A Lean Methodology, an iterative four-step process used for Continuous Improvement

A

Plan
Do
Check
Act

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5
Q

What does DMAIC stand for

A

Define, Measure, Analyze, Improve, Control

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6
Q

step in DMAIC where quantify the problem & establish goals; create a baseline of the current state of the process, assess stability, capability, and measurement systems

A

Measure

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7
Q

step in DMAIC where determine the most likely causes of defects (i.e., Perform Root Cause Analysis), Y = f(x), determine which inputs will provide the best outputs

A

Analyze

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8
Q

step in DMAIC where identify ways to improve performance, eliminate waste & variation; confirm solution will achieve the project goals; implement and verify the solution

A

Improve

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9
Q

Alfredo Pareto (maybe move to RCA module)

A
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10
Q

step in DMAIC where sustain the improvement, establish KPIs and processes to monitor, document and share best practices, continually assess and update

A

Control

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11
Q

Six Sigma practitioners use a data-driven problem-solving methodology called

A

DMAIC

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12
Q

During which phase of DMAIC are measurements used to establish the process improvement baseline?

A

Measure

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13
Q

During which phase of DMAIC is root cause analysis performed?

A

Analyze

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14
Q

During which phase of DMAIC is the VOC and business value determined?

A

Define

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15
Q

During which phase of DMAIC does the implementation take place?

A

Improve

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16
Q

Which part of PDCA is described below?
-identify, measure, and analyze the problem or opportunity for change.
-develope hypotheses for what the underlying issues or causes are.
-decide on one hypothesis to test first.
-write down your expected results once you have determined your course of action

A

Plan

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17
Q

PDCA: What are the 3 steps of Plan?

A

1.) Problem Identification
2.) Cause Investigation
3.) Select Countermeasures

18
Q

PDCA: Which step in Plan is described below?
*Determine the problem area
*Define the standard
*Define the current state
*Determine the discrepancy
*Select a measurable goal
*State the problem in a state form in order to brainstorm potential causes

A

Problem Identification

19
Q

PDCA: Which step in Plan is described below:
*Brainstorm potential causes to the problem
*Collect and analyze data related to the problem
*Challenge data with facts
*Select the likely causes based on the team impact
*Establish a Cause & Effect relationship
*Establish root cause /driver cause

A

Cause Investigation

20
Q

PDCA: Which step in Plan is described below:
*Brainstorm countermeasures to address root cause
*Select appropriate counter measures based upon criteria
*Coordinate and seek approval from leadership to implement.

A

Select Countermeasures

21
Q

Which part of PDCA is described below?
*Develop a plan to implement the countermeasure (s)
*Assign Tasks
Develop a communication planExecute a “Pilot Plan” with timelines and established tracking methods (aka –Control Plan)

A

Do

22
Q

Which part of PDCA is described below?
*Review and analyze the results.
*Measure the impact of the solution and revise your plan, as necessary
*Monitor progress of the “Pilot Project”
*Evaluate the results
*Collect/analyze additional data if needed
*Modify the implementation plan, if necessary, based upon results
*Monitor results of specific countermeasure(s) that address the initial root causes.

A

Check

23
Q

Which part of PDCA is described below?
*Implement your tried and tested plan if all went according to plan
*Implement Full Scale Solution (And capitalize onNew Opportunities)
*Standardize the effective countermeasure(s) to prevent reoccurrence
*Share your success with other impacted areas
*Plan on-going monitoring of the solution
Start the PDCA cycle over again to refine your countermeasure(s)Continue with other improvement opportunities

A

Act

24
Q

The PDCA cycle is an effective and systematic method for implementing ______.

A

Continuous Improvement

25
Q

PDCA relies on trial and error; however, it keeps improving until it achieves the ______.

A

desired outcome

26
Q

What are some common pitfalls to avoid when using PDCA?

A

*Skipping one of the four critical steps in PDCA
*Over-planning: teams often get stuck in the Planning phase trying to confirm beliefs in planning whereas the Lean model confirms belief in the Check phase
*Under-planning: missing experimental hypothesis: no “why”
*Things work well for reasons beyond understanding with no knowledge of what worked and why
*The hypothesis is NOT validated
*Constrained resources and improper training cause PDCA to begin and end at “Do”

27
Q

What is described below?
*Voice, expectations, preferences, comments, of a product or service by the customer
*Stated and unstated needs, wants, and requirements

A

Voice of the customer (VOC)

28
Q

What is the average distance of data points away from the Mean in a distribution?

A

Standard deviation

29
Q

What is described below?
*a measure of standard deviation
*can be used interchangeably with the statistical term for standard deviation
*a level of performance

A

Sigma

30
Q

Data-driven, problem-solving strategy used in Six Sigma to improve processes

A

DMAIC

31
Q

Which part of DMAIC is described below?
*Describe the problem
*Identify VOC and CTQ (Critical to Quality) /CTC (Critical to Customer)
*Identify business value and desired outcomes (Ys)
*Organize team

A

D=Define

32
Q

Which part of DMAIC is described below?
*Quantify the problem & establish improvement goals
*Create a baseline of the current state of the process
*Assess stability, capability, and measurement systems

A

M=Measure

33
Q

Which part of DMAIC is described below?
*Determine the most likely causes of defects (i.e., Perform Root Cause Analysis)
*Y = f (x)
*Determine which inputs will provide the best outputs

A

A=Analyze

34
Q

Which part of DMAIC is described below?
*Identify ways to improve performance, eliminate waste & variation
*Confirm solution will achieve the project goals
*Implement and verify the solution

A

I=Improve

35
Q

Which part of DMAIC is described below?
*Sustain the improvements
*Establish KPIs and processes to monitor
*Document and share best practices
*Continually assess and update

A

C=Control

36
Q

Six Sigma practitioners use a data-driven problem-solving methodology called _____
a) FMEA
b) 5S
c) DMAIC
d) VSM
e) PDCA

A

c) DMAIC

37
Q

During which phase of DMAIC are measurements used to establish the process improvement baseline?
a) Define
b) Improve
c) Measure
d) Control
e) Analyze

A

c) Measure

38
Q

During which phase of DMAIC is root cause analysis performed?
a) Define
b) Improve
c) Measure
d) Control
e) Analyze

A

e) Analyze

39
Q

During which phase of DMAIC is the VOC and business value determined?
a) Define
b) Improve
c) Measure
d) Control
e) Analyze

A

a) Define

40
Q

During which phase of the DMAIC does the implementation take place?
a) Define
b) Improve
c) Measure
d) Control
e) Analyze

A

b) Improve

OTI Continuous Improvement Academy (28 decks)

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