Pavlovian Conditioning Mechanisms 2

Question 1

conditioning can result in _____ response to UCS, especially for _______ conditioning

Answer 1

changed
aversive (drug)

Question 2

what can happen in aversive conditioning

Answer 2

CS can elicit conditioned analgesia, reduction in pain to UCS
conditioned release of endogenous opioids
reduced CR

Question 3

what is conditioned analgesia in drugs

Answer 3

conditioned tolerance
drug cues alone elicit b process, danger of overdose
no CS but UCS, b process doesnt start, danger of overdose

Question 4

what is the blocking effect

Answer 4

previously learned info abt CS-UCS prevents new associations of a new CS to UCS
we already know what works, dont need to learn new rule for nothing, provides little info, can be ignored
- coffee smell = coffee, dont need to learn that coffee sign = coffee

Question 5

what is the rescorla-wagner model (RWM)

Answer 5

learning is engaged by unexpected events, not fully predicted ones
if US not surprising (diff from what expected), no learning

Question 6

what model assumes that the degree of surprise relates to the conditioned properties btw CS-UCS

Answer 6

rescorla-wagner model

Question 7

in rescorla-wagner model, what is strong and weak conditioning

Answer 7

strong: learning, strong prediction of UCS (dark cloud - rain)
weak: low expectation of UCS (sun =/= rain)

Question 8

what does the rescorla-wagner equation say

Answer 8

associative strength of CS and UCS is proportionate to how well CS predicts UCS * expected vs what happened
what we learn on given trial is based on diff btw expected and happened (how surprising it is)

Question 9

when do we learn most

Answer 9

when surprising

Question 10

the diff btw what happens and what is expected _______ over time

Answer 10

reduces

Question 11

when do we stop learning/paying attention

Answer 11

when CS-UCS association is well learnt and fully predictive

Question 12

what is synonym for rescorla-wagner model and why

Answer 12

prediction error model
measures degree of err in prediction CS - UCS

Question 13

how does the RWM relate to the blocking effect

Answer 13

when we can fully predict UCS with CS, stop learning

Question 14

T.F. RWM predict that stimuli gain associative value if presented together on a conditioning trial after being trained separately

Answer 14

F. lose associative value
A = 1
B = 1
A+B = 1
A = 1/2
B = 1/2

Question 15

What is extinction

Answer 15

UCS is no longer presented after CS

Question 16

what is a limitation of RWM

Answer 16

selon model: extinction = reverse acquisition (un-learning) it explains extinction bhv-wise but not mechanism
but, extinction is actually learning a new association (CS –> no UCS)
dog still remembers that light did at some point = food, just learned new rule = not now!

Question 17

what are alternative theories of learning model

Answer 17

attentional models of conditioning
if UCS surprising, more att is focused on CS next trial which leads to learning
outcome of a given trial influences what is learned on next trial

Question 18

in attentional model of conditioning, learning is determined by how well the CS ______ _____
in RWM, how much is learnt on that trial depends on _________

Answer 18

commands attention (disrupting att to CS disrupts learning)
effectiveness of US on that trial

Question 19

what is the comparator hypothesis

Answer 19

conditioned responding depends on what happens during CS-US association AND what happens in other aspects of experimental situation (other CS prior to learning)

Question 20

how does the comparator hypothesis view blocking

Answer 20

during blocking, its the responding to CS that is blocked, not learning abt CS