Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

351 - Fundamentals of Learning > Extinction > Flashcards

Extinction Flashcards

1
Q

what does extinction aim to do

A

reduce responding
reverse the effects of acquisition

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T.F. extinction means that there is a perfect reversal of acquisition

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

when does extinction occur

A

when situation no longer produces outcome
pavlovian: CS presented without UCS (bell without food)
instrumental: no reinforcement after response (press lever, but no food)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the name for what occurs when there is an extinction in responding

A

extinction curves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what occurs with extinction according to the rescorla-wagner model

A

unlearning of conditioning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

T.F. the loss of responding from extinction is pretty much the same as the result of forgetting

A

F

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

how are extinction and forgetting different

A

extinction: active process, omission of an expected US or reinforcer
forgetting: decline of responding that could occur with the passing of time. doesnt require nonreinforcement of the CS/instrumental response

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

is extinction more like unlearning or a new learning

A

new learning, learning a new rule on top of an old one, light = no food RN, but if it starts again, they remembered

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what happens if CB1 receptors respond to endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids

A

block extinction but not learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

which agents block extinction but not learning

A

CB1 receptors responding to endogenous and exogenous cannabinoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

forgetting or extinction can be due to a lack of consolidation

A

forgetting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

forgetting or extinction is sensitive to interference

A

forgetting, remembering something similar, blocks memory formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what developments have stemed from the discovery of extinction

A

therapeutic treatment, exposure therapy, treat phobias, anxiety, addiction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

T.F.therapeutic treatment with extinction only applies to pavlovian associations and only aversive conditioning

A

F. pavlovian and intrumental, aversive and appetitive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

how is extinction used in exposure therapy

A

exposure to cues that elicit fear in the absence of the aversive US
use virtual reality to expose to freaful stim in safe environment
extinguish ability of drug-related cues to trigger craving/relapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

extiction may reduce responding, but can increase _____ ______

A

response variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

what is repsonse variability during extinciton

A

slightly changing repsonse to make it work again

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T.F. response variability is only observed if overall responding goes up

A

F. overall response could go down, but observe response variability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

what is an modern-day example of extiction that could result in response variability

A

ghosting, try texting more, try texting other things, try to see them in person…

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

what can be accompanied with extinction when no reward is obtained

A

extinction burst: frustration for the absence of the reward that leads to aggression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

what is an example of an extinction burst

A

hitting computer when its not loading

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what was the experiment on extinciton burst with pigeons

A

1 pigeon given food, other restrained
when extinction, rewarded P attacked innocent P

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

why does an extinguished response often reappear

A

because extinction doesnt erase original learning

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

what can be problematic in bhv for therapeutic applications wanting to eliminate undesired bhv

A

extinguished responses can reapear

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

in what ways can a return of responding after extinciton come

A

spontaneous recovery, renewal, reinstatement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

the decline in conditioned bhv that occurs with extinction ______ with time

A

dissipates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

what can cause responding to return after extinction

A

pause / rest period after training

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

what is the name for a return of responding caused by a pause in extinction training

A

spontaneous recovery, nothing is done in rest period to produce recovery

29
Q

what is renewal

A

recovery of conditioned responding when contextual cues from extinction training are changed
ex: stop taking drug in therapy/rehab, all ok, but then take them when home

30
Q

in renewal effect, the context can be seen as _______ _____ for reinforcement vs extinction

A

occasion setter

31
Q

if conditioned in A, extinguished in B, and tested in C what could happen

A

renewal could appear, renewal is not only due to excitatory effects of A, but absence of B

32
Q

what are the implications of renewal regarding clinical improvement

A

improvement at therapy may not persist when return in other environment
original acquisition learning excitatory effects are generalize more than inhibitory effect of extinction training

33
Q

according to renewal, what can happen with pathological fear

A

can spread to other contexts

34
Q

which have more widespread effects, problems created by conditioning or solutions/remedies for those problems

A

the problems
if overcome fear, benefit doesnt transfer as easily to new situations

35
Q

what is reinstatement

A

recovery of conditioned bhv occuring when individual encounters the UCS again

36
Q

when is reinstatement observed

A

with trauma, drug/relapse

37
Q

explain reinstatement with drugs

A

free dose of cocaine produces sudden reinstatement of cocaine-seeking

38
Q

T.F. reinstatement with drugs is dose-dependent

A

T. big dose = big urge for drug-seeking

39
Q

can reinstatement occur in presence of CS, but the absence of UCS

A

yes, cue-induced reinstatement
ex: seeing drug dealer?

40
Q

why does extinction have limited success in treating addiction

A

cue-induced reinstatement

41
Q

what is one way to enhance extinction in therapy

A

more extinction trials = more profound decrease in responding

42
Q

what does the pattern of the extinction trials affect

A

formation and persistence of the memory

43
Q

give an example of massed and spaced trials within session, btw sessions

A

within: m= every 6 secs ; s= every 600secs
btw: m= 100 trials in 1 day ; s= 10trials in 10 days

44
Q

massed and spaced trials give similar effects to those seen with _________

A

habituation

45
Q

massed of spaced produce more pronounced extinction

A

mass

46
Q

massed of spaced is more likely to have spontaneous recovery

A

massed

47
Q

massed of spaced have more enduring extinction

A

spaced

48
Q

massed of spaced is more immune to recovery

A

spaced

49
Q

which is more affective in losing the conditioned bhv: extinction immediately after learning or 1 day after

A

immediately

50
Q

why would extinction be best right after learning conditioned bhv compared to later

A

interferes with consolidation process

51
Q

what is a risk to using immediate extinction

A

more likely to have spontaneous recovery and renewal

52
Q

a more enduring loss of bhv occurs if extinction trials are delayed ___________(time) after the acquisition

A

24hours

53
Q

what is a way to make extinction more pervasive and avoid renewal from lack of generalization

A

conducted in multiple different contexts = increase stimulus generalization of extinction
with large number of spaced trials

54
Q

what is a way to reduce spontaneous recovery

A

introduce cues present during extinction training to enhance extinction performance

55
Q

where has cues of extinction been used in humans

A

exposure therapy, reduced renewal of arachnophobia
using chip AA as a reminder of treatment context

56
Q

which reinforcement schedual results in fastest extinction

A

continuous reinforcement - FR1: overtraining extinction effect

57
Q

why extinction paradoxical

A

need less unreinforced to trials to extinguish than reinforced trial to learn

58
Q

which reinforcement schedule results is slowest extinction

A

partial reinforcement: unpredictability already includes partial extinction

59
Q

how to get slower extinction and fewer frustration reactions

A

partial rather than continuous reinforcement
partial-reinforcement extinction effect (PREE)

60
Q

what is PREE and what does it help explain

A

partial-reinforcement extinction effect
the bhv of habitual gamblers who persist in gambling even if they encounter a long string of losses

61
Q

T.F. frequent gamblers are less likely to persist during extinction if trained on a partial reinforcement schedule

A

F. more likely

62
Q

how are partial reinforcement effects observed in pavlovian conditioning

A

cues paired with uncertain reward probability and size = more attractive + more likely to produce reinstatement

63
Q

what makes slots machines stimulating

A

lights and sounds increase urge to play and inflate perception of wins

64
Q

partial reinforcement increases the chances that someone will become a _______

A

sign-tracker, also reduces the rate at which cues undergo extinction

65
Q

what are the names of the two theories that explain partial reinforcement

A

frustration theory and sequential theory

66
Q

what is frustration theory

A

repeated experience of frustration of non-reward during training increases resilience

67
Q

what is sequential theory

A

when a sequence of non-reinforced trials are followed by reward, it reinforced the persistence when the reinforcement is absent

68
Q

which partial reinforcement theory is most correct

A

both complete each other

351 - Fundamentals of Learning (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions