Patterns of disease Flashcards
What are the three main factors shaping Australia’s population?
Fertility
mortality
migration
What is used to assess fertility and what are they?
CDR- number of live births per 1000
Total fertility rate - number of children a women is likely to have
what does a TFR of 2.1 babies per woman mean?
rate at which generation is replaced without immigration
Describe the population pyramid of the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander population and explain why.
Expanding
- larger population of children and dying earlier.
Describe the population pyramid of the Non-Indigenous population and explain why.
Contracting
-living longer and TFR below replacement
how can a reduction in child death rates be achieved?
Best achieved if focus on infants (0-1) by targeting causes that are preventable, address the risk factors of low birth-weight and reduce the risk of fetal growth disorders.
What is the Dependency ratio?
Potential socioeconomic burden on working age population by young and elderly.
Why is the dependancy ratio higher in ATSI population?
few people of working age vs non-working due to high TFR, reduced life expectancy and earlier onset of chronic disease = poverty.
What are the five stages of Epidemiological Transition Theory?
Age of Pestilence and Famine: Old World infection)
Age of Receding Pandemics (epidemics less frequent)
Age of Degenerative and Man-made disease
Age of Delayed Degenerative Diseases (live longer due to modern health care)
Age of Emergent and Re-emergent infections (old and new infectious diseases resurge).
What are examples of diseases in ‘ Age of Emergent and Re-Emergent diseases’?
COVID
HIV/AIDS
TB
Meseals
what are examples of degenerative and Man-made diseases?
(trauma, alcoholism, smoking, CVD, stroke and cancers)
What led to the shift of Epidemiological Transition Theory?
Better living standards
Socioeconomic factors
Medical advances
Demographic transition
What are the disease patterns of ETT?
Infectious –> degenerative as leading cause of death
Causing death in young –> causing death in old
Increase in people living with chronic disease
Emergent and re-emergent infections
what is a double burden of disease? Why does it occur?
high prevalence of communicable and non-communicable disease.
Because: Persistent infection in poor populations. Conditions that cause infections also cause chronic disease. interrelationship.
What is the Demographic Transition model?
How birth rate and death rate influence population growth over time.
Pre-modern regime (high fertility and mortality) –> post-modern (low fertility and mortality)
