Health behaviour and behavioural change Flashcards
week 9
Health behaviours
‘any activity or behaviour undertaken by an individual, regardless of actual or perceived health status, to promote, protect or maintain health.
Behavioral risk factors
can create a person risk to self and/or others.
Health habits
health behaviours done automatically
Why are unhealthy behaviours hard to change?
they are pleasurable, automatic and addictive.
What makes some thing addictive?
Reinforcement (need to take repeatedly due to cravings)
Tolerance (amount that is needed increases)
Withdrawal
What are the main factors that influence health-related behaviours?
Values
Attitudes
Beliefs
How does value influence health-related behaviours?
it is the worth that we attach to our health. Little worth means won’t put in too much effort. Driven by societal and cultural values.
How does attitudes influence health-related behaviours
it is how we express or apply our values or belefts around health.
How do our Beliefs influence health-related behaviours?
How much we believe we can influence our own health.
Internal locus of control = one can direct their own outcome,
external locus of control = outcomes are not under their control.
What are the stages of the Transtheoritical model
Pre-contemplation
Contemplation
Preparation
Action
Maintaince
What occurs in the pre-contemplation stage of the TT model
patient does not recognise need for change
dr should raise awareness
What occurs in the contemplation stage of TT model relating to health behaviour models
considering change but not yet ready (dr should resolve ambivalnve and encourage)
What occurs in the preparation stage of TT model relating to health behaviour models
no change but actively preparing (dr help identify appropriate change stratergies and follow up)
What occurs in the Action stage of TT model relating to health behaviour models
modified behavior but not yet stable (dr should encourage and support implementation)
What occurs in the Maintenance stage of TT model relating to health behaviour models
practice new behavior (dr should support and congratulate)
What does the health belieft model suggest that health behaviours are determined by?
The degree to which the individual perceived a personal health threat
(severity and susceptibility)
The perception that a particular health practice will be effective in reducing a threat
(barriers and benefits)
If there are cues to make a change in action and perceived confidence to make a change
(cues and condifence)
What are the drawbacks of the Health Belief Model?
positive health habits, or irrational behaviors and does not permit a standard way of measuring perceived components.
What are the three types of learning process for habit changes?
Classic conditioning
Operant conditioning
Cognition
Example of classic conditioning
Pavlov’s dogs
Sight, of cigarette packet evokes,
What is classic conditioning?
Neurtal stimulus acquires ability to evoke a natural stimulus
what are the three aspects of operant conditioning?
Positive reinforcement- increase socially desirable behavior to receive a positive consequence
Negative reinforcement - increase socially desirable behaviour to avoid receiving consequence
Punishment - apply punishment as consequence
What is cognition in terms of health habit behaviours?
Recongnition that behavior is influenced by ‘self talk’
