Health behaviour and behavioural change

Question 1

Health behaviours

Answer 1

‘any activity or behaviour undertaken by an individual, regardless of actual or perceived health status, to promote, protect or maintain health.

Question 2

Behavioral risk factors

Answer 2

can create a person risk to self and/or others.

Question 3

Health habits

Answer 3

health behaviours done automatically

Question 4

Why are unhealthy behaviours hard to change?

Answer 4

they are pleasurable, automatic and addictive.

Question 5

What makes some thing addictive?

Answer 5

Reinforcement (need to take repeatedly due to cravings)

Tolerance (amount that is needed increases)

Withdrawal

Question 6

What are the main factors that influence health-related behaviours?

Answer 6

Values

Attitudes

Beliefs

Question 7

How does value influence health-related behaviours?

Answer 7

it is the worth that we attach to our health. Little worth means won’t put in too much effort. Driven by societal and cultural values.

Question 8

How does attitudes influence health-related behaviours

Answer 8

it is how we express or apply our values or belefts around health.

Question 9

How do our Beliefs influence health-related behaviours?

Answer 9

How much we believe we can influence our own health.

Internal locus of control = one can direct their own outcome,

external locus of control = outcomes are not under their control.

Question 10

What are the stages of the Transtheoritical model

Answer 10

Pre-contemplation

Contemplation

Preparation

Action

Maintaince

Question 11

What occurs in the pre-contemplation stage of the TT model

Answer 11

patient does not recognise need for change

dr should raise awareness

Question 12

What occurs in the contemplation stage of TT model relating to health behaviour models

Answer 12

considering change but not yet ready (dr should resolve ambivalnve and encourage)

Question 13

What occurs in the preparation stage of TT model relating to health behaviour models

Answer 13

no change but actively preparing (dr help identify appropriate change stratergies and follow up)

Question 14

What occurs in the Action stage of TT model relating to health behaviour models

Answer 14

modified behavior but not yet stable (dr should encourage and support implementation)

Question 15

What occurs in the Maintenance stage of TT model relating to health behaviour models

Answer 15

practice new behavior (dr should support and congratulate)

Question 16

What does the health belieft model suggest that health behaviours are determined by?

Answer 16

The degree to which the individual perceived a personal health threat
(severity and susceptibility)

The perception that a particular health practice will be effective in reducing a threat
(barriers and benefits)

If there are cues to make a change in action and perceived confidence to make a change
(cues and condifence)

Question 17

What are the drawbacks of the Health Belief Model?

Answer 17

positive health habits, or irrational behaviors and does not permit a standard way of measuring perceived components.

Question 18

What are the three types of learning process for habit changes?

Answer 18

Classic conditioning
Operant conditioning
Cognition

Question 19

Example of classic conditioning

Answer 19

Pavlov’s dogs

Sight, of cigarette packet evokes,

Question 20

What is classic conditioning?

Answer 20

Neurtal stimulus acquires ability to evoke a natural stimulus

Question 21

what are the three aspects of operant conditioning?

Answer 21

Positive reinforcement- increase socially desirable behavior to receive a positive consequence

Negative reinforcement - increase socially desirable behaviour to avoid receiving consequence

Punishment - apply punishment as consequence

Question 22

What is cognition in terms of health habit behaviours?

Answer 22

Recongnition that behavior is influenced by ‘self talk’